ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Baihe Yuzi prescription （BYP） on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR）， aquaporin （AQP）， zinc/iron-regulated transporter-like protein （ZIP） and local oxidative stress in epididymis of oligoasthenozoospermia （OAS） rats， and to explore the mechanism of its intervention in OAS. MethodAfter 35 rats were acclimatized for 1 week， 7 rats were randomly selected as the normal group， and the remaining 28 rats were given tripterygium glycosides （TG） 30 mg·kg^-1. After 4 weeks of modeling， they were randomly divided into 4 groups： model group， BYP low-dose group （LBYP）， BYP high-dose group （HBYP） and levocarnitine group， with 7 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group and model group were given normal saline at the same dosage. The levocarnitine group rats were given L-carnitine oral liquid （100 mg·kg^-1） by gavage. The LBYP group rats were given BYP 6.3 g·kg^-1， and the HBYP group rats were given BYP 12.6 g·kg^-1 by gavage once a day for consecutive 4 weeks. After the end of the intervention， sperm count and motility of all rats were detected， the histopathological structure of epididymis was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the expressions of CFTR， AQP9， AQP3， ZIP8， ZIP12 and other proteins were detected by Western blot. The contents of α-glycosidase （α-GC）， sialic acid （SA）， carnitine， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Total zinc content was measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Free zinc ion content was detected by zinc ion probes. ResultCompared with those in the normal group， the sperm count and motility of rats were decreased and the epididymal structure was disordered in the model group. The contents of α-GC and carnitine were decreased in epididymis （P<0.05）. MDA levels were increased， while SOD， GSH-Px and zinc levels were decreased （P<0.05）. The expressions of CFTR and ZIP12 in the head and cauda of the epididymis were down-regulated， and AQP3 expression was up-regulated. The expression of ZIP8 in the cauda epididymis was up-regulated （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， BYP can significantly improve the sperm count and motility， the epididymal structure of OAS rats and the levels of α-GC and carnitine （P<0.05）. The expressions of CFTR and ZIP12 in the head and cauda of the epididymis were up-regulated， while the expressions of ZIP8 in the cauda epididymis and AQP3 in the head of the epididymis were decreased （P<0.05）. The SOD and GSH-Px levels and total zinc content in epididymis were increased， and the MDA levels were decreased （P<0.05）. ConclusionBYP may improve the sperm quality and repair epididymal tissue structure and function of OAS rats， by regulating the expressions of CFTR， AQP3， and ZIP12 ion channels and local antioxidant mechanism.

Objective:To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy by retrospectively analyzing clinical medica-tion of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)complicated with abnormal immune factors.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on RPL cases in outpatient department of Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital from January 2021 to April 2022.Efficacy and safety of immunotherapy were evaluated from pregnancy outcome,adverse reactions and birth defects of offspring.Results:According to guidelines,192 cases with abnormal autoimmunity and/or immune indicators were included.Early abortion rate was 4.16%in group of two lost pregnancies,which was lower than that in group of three lost pregnancies(16.66%).Twelve week sus-tained pregnancy rate was 89.58%in the former group,and 28 week sustained pregnancy rate was 86.45%,which were significantly higher than those in the latter group(75.00%,71.87%).RPL patients were divided into groups according to their exposure to immuno-modulatory drugs before 12 weeks of pregnancy.There was no significant difference in pregnancy outcome,adverse reaction rate and birth defect rate of their offspring(P>0.05).Conclusion:Immunotherapy can effectively reduce risk of recurrent abortion and increase rate of persistent pregnancy in patients with immune RPL.Personalized immunotherapy can make RPL patients with immune factors achieve expected effect of fetal protection.

Objective:To detect the expression levels of various immune cells in peripheral blood,and to ex-plore their relationship with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA)and its clinical significance in di-agnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 351 patients with URSA who visited Hebei Reproductive Health Hospi-tal between January 2020 and September 2022 were enrolled as the URSA group,while a control group compri-sing 30 healthy women who had experienced uncomplicated term delivery once and had no history of adverse pregnancy outcomes during the same period was selected.The levels of various immune cell subsets in peripheral blood during the luteal phase were measured and compared between the two groups.Receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of immune cell levels that could assist in URSA diagnosis and treatment,while logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influ-encing URSA occurrence.Results:The number and percentage of CD3+CD8+cells in the peripheral blood of the URSA group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conversely,the per-centage of NK cells was significantly higher in the URSA group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic re-gression analysis revealed that the increase in CD3+CD8+cell count in peripheral blood during the luteal phase was a protective factor of URSA(OR＜1,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis determined optimal cutoff values for im-mune cell levels to assist in the diagnosing and treating URSA:702.82 cells/μl for CD3+CD8+cell count,28.39％for CD3+CD8+cell percentage,and 12.33％for NK cell percentage.After using the optimal cutoff value to convert continuous variables into binary variables,Logistic regression analysis showed that a CD3+CD8+cell count＜702.82 cells/μl and an NK cell percentage＞12.33％were independent risk factors for URSA(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The decrease of CD3+CD8+cells in peripheral blood during midluteal phase is closely related to the occurrence of URSA.The number of CD3+CD8+cells(702.82 cells/μl)and the percentage of NK cells(12.33％)can be used as reference values for the diagnosis and treatment of URSA.

Objective:To detect the expression levels of various immune cells in peripheral blood,and to ex-plore their relationship with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA)and its clinical significance in di-agnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 351 patients with URSA who visited Hebei Reproductive Health Hospi-tal between January 2020 and September 2022 were enrolled as the URSA group,while a control group compri-sing 30 healthy women who had experienced uncomplicated term delivery once and had no history of adverse pregnancy outcomes during the same period was selected.The levels of various immune cell subsets in peripheral blood during the luteal phase were measured and compared between the two groups.Receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of immune cell levels that could assist in URSA diagnosis and treatment,while logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influ-encing URSA occurrence.Results:The number and percentage of CD3+CD8+cells in the peripheral blood of the URSA group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conversely,the per-centage of NK cells was significantly higher in the URSA group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic re-gression analysis revealed that the increase in CD3+CD8+cell count in peripheral blood during the luteal phase was a protective factor of URSA(OR＜1,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis determined optimal cutoff values for im-mune cell levels to assist in the diagnosing and treating URSA:702.82 cells/μl for CD3+CD8+cell count,28.39％for CD3+CD8+cell percentage,and 12.33％for NK cell percentage.After using the optimal cutoff value to convert continuous variables into binary variables,Logistic regression analysis showed that a CD3+CD8+cell count＜702.82 cells/μl and an NK cell percentage＞12.33％were independent risk factors for URSA(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The decrease of CD3+CD8+cells in peripheral blood during midluteal phase is closely related to the occurrence of URSA.The number of CD3+CD8+cells(702.82 cells/μl)and the percentage of NK cells(12.33％)can be used as reference values for the diagnosis and treatment of URSA.

Objective:To detect the expression levels of various immune cells in peripheral blood,and to ex-plore their relationship with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA)and its clinical significance in di-agnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 351 patients with URSA who visited Hebei Reproductive Health Hospi-tal between January 2020 and September 2022 were enrolled as the URSA group,while a control group compri-sing 30 healthy women who had experienced uncomplicated term delivery once and had no history of adverse pregnancy outcomes during the same period was selected.The levels of various immune cell subsets in peripheral blood during the luteal phase were measured and compared between the two groups.Receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of immune cell levels that could assist in URSA diagnosis and treatment,while logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influ-encing URSA occurrence.Results:The number and percentage of CD3+CD8+cells in the peripheral blood of the URSA group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conversely,the per-centage of NK cells was significantly higher in the URSA group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic re-gression analysis revealed that the increase in CD3+CD8+cell count in peripheral blood during the luteal phase was a protective factor of URSA(OR＜1,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis determined optimal cutoff values for im-mune cell levels to assist in the diagnosing and treating URSA:702.82 cells/μl for CD3+CD8+cell count,28.39％for CD3+CD8+cell percentage,and 12.33％for NK cell percentage.After using the optimal cutoff value to convert continuous variables into binary variables,Logistic regression analysis showed that a CD3+CD8+cell count＜702.82 cells/μl and an NK cell percentage＞12.33％were independent risk factors for URSA(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The decrease of CD3+CD8+cells in peripheral blood during midluteal phase is closely related to the occurrence of URSA.The number of CD3+CD8+cells(702.82 cells/μl)and the percentage of NK cells(12.33％)can be used as reference values for the diagnosis and treatment of URSA.

Objective:To detect the expression levels of various immune cells in peripheral blood,and to ex-plore their relationship with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA)and its clinical significance in di-agnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 351 patients with URSA who visited Hebei Reproductive Health Hospi-tal between January 2020 and September 2022 were enrolled as the URSA group,while a control group compri-sing 30 healthy women who had experienced uncomplicated term delivery once and had no history of adverse pregnancy outcomes during the same period was selected.The levels of various immune cell subsets in peripheral blood during the luteal phase were measured and compared between the two groups.Receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of immune cell levels that could assist in URSA diagnosis and treatment,while logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influ-encing URSA occurrence.Results:The number and percentage of CD3+CD8+cells in the peripheral blood of the URSA group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conversely,the per-centage of NK cells was significantly higher in the URSA group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic re-gression analysis revealed that the increase in CD3+CD8+cell count in peripheral blood during the luteal phase was a protective factor of URSA(OR＜1,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis determined optimal cutoff values for im-mune cell levels to assist in the diagnosing and treating URSA:702.82 cells/μl for CD3+CD8+cell count,28.39％for CD3+CD8+cell percentage,and 12.33％for NK cell percentage.After using the optimal cutoff value to convert continuous variables into binary variables,Logistic regression analysis showed that a CD3+CD8+cell count＜702.82 cells/μl and an NK cell percentage＞12.33％were independent risk factors for URSA(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The decrease of CD3+CD8+cells in peripheral blood during midluteal phase is closely related to the occurrence of URSA.The number of CD3+CD8+cells(702.82 cells/μl)and the percentage of NK cells(12.33％)can be used as reference values for the diagnosis and treatment of URSA.

Objective:To detect the expression levels of various immune cells in peripheral blood,and to ex-plore their relationship with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA)and its clinical significance in di-agnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 351 patients with URSA who visited Hebei Reproductive Health Hospi-tal between January 2020 and September 2022 were enrolled as the URSA group,while a control group compri-sing 30 healthy women who had experienced uncomplicated term delivery once and had no history of adverse pregnancy outcomes during the same period was selected.The levels of various immune cell subsets in peripheral blood during the luteal phase were measured and compared between the two groups.Receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of immune cell levels that could assist in URSA diagnosis and treatment,while logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influ-encing URSA occurrence.Results:The number and percentage of CD3+CD8+cells in the peripheral blood of the URSA group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conversely,the per-centage of NK cells was significantly higher in the URSA group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic re-gression analysis revealed that the increase in CD3+CD8+cell count in peripheral blood during the luteal phase was a protective factor of URSA(OR＜1,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis determined optimal cutoff values for im-mune cell levels to assist in the diagnosing and treating URSA:702.82 cells/μl for CD3+CD8+cell count,28.39％for CD3+CD8+cell percentage,and 12.33％for NK cell percentage.After using the optimal cutoff value to convert continuous variables into binary variables,Logistic regression analysis showed that a CD3+CD8+cell count＜702.82 cells/μl and an NK cell percentage＞12.33％were independent risk factors for URSA(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The decrease of CD3+CD8+cells in peripheral blood during midluteal phase is closely related to the occurrence of URSA.The number of CD3+CD8+cells(702.82 cells/μl)and the percentage of NK cells(12.33％)can be used as reference values for the diagnosis and treatment of URSA.

Objective:To detect the expression levels of various immune cells in peripheral blood,and to ex-plore their relationship with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA)and its clinical significance in di-agnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 351 patients with URSA who visited Hebei Reproductive Health Hospi-tal between January 2020 and September 2022 were enrolled as the URSA group,while a control group compri-sing 30 healthy women who had experienced uncomplicated term delivery once and had no history of adverse pregnancy outcomes during the same period was selected.The levels of various immune cell subsets in peripheral blood during the luteal phase were measured and compared between the two groups.Receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of immune cell levels that could assist in URSA diagnosis and treatment,while logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influ-encing URSA occurrence.Results:The number and percentage of CD3+CD8+cells in the peripheral blood of the URSA group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conversely,the per-centage of NK cells was significantly higher in the URSA group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic re-gression analysis revealed that the increase in CD3+CD8+cell count in peripheral blood during the luteal phase was a protective factor of URSA(OR＜1,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis determined optimal cutoff values for im-mune cell levels to assist in the diagnosing and treating URSA:702.82 cells/μl for CD3+CD8+cell count,28.39％for CD3+CD8+cell percentage,and 12.33％for NK cell percentage.After using the optimal cutoff value to convert continuous variables into binary variables,Logistic regression analysis showed that a CD3+CD8+cell count＜702.82 cells/μl and an NK cell percentage＞12.33％were independent risk factors for URSA(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The decrease of CD3+CD8+cells in peripheral blood during midluteal phase is closely related to the occurrence of URSA.The number of CD3+CD8+cells(702.82 cells/μl)and the percentage of NK cells(12.33％)can be used as reference values for the diagnosis and treatment of URSA.

Objective:To detect the expression levels of various immune cells in peripheral blood,and to ex-plore their relationship with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA)and its clinical significance in di-agnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 351 patients with URSA who visited Hebei Reproductive Health Hospi-tal between January 2020 and September 2022 were enrolled as the URSA group,while a control group compri-sing 30 healthy women who had experienced uncomplicated term delivery once and had no history of adverse pregnancy outcomes during the same period was selected.The levels of various immune cell subsets in peripheral blood during the luteal phase were measured and compared between the two groups.Receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of immune cell levels that could assist in URSA diagnosis and treatment,while logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influ-encing URSA occurrence.Results:The number and percentage of CD3+CD8+cells in the peripheral blood of the URSA group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conversely,the per-centage of NK cells was significantly higher in the URSA group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic re-gression analysis revealed that the increase in CD3+CD8+cell count in peripheral blood during the luteal phase was a protective factor of URSA(OR＜1,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis determined optimal cutoff values for im-mune cell levels to assist in the diagnosing and treating URSA:702.82 cells/μl for CD3+CD8+cell count,28.39％for CD3+CD8+cell percentage,and 12.33％for NK cell percentage.After using the optimal cutoff value to convert continuous variables into binary variables,Logistic regression analysis showed that a CD3+CD8+cell count＜702.82 cells/μl and an NK cell percentage＞12.33％were independent risk factors for URSA(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The decrease of CD3+CD8+cells in peripheral blood during midluteal phase is closely related to the occurrence of URSA.The number of CD3+CD8+cells(702.82 cells/μl)and the percentage of NK cells(12.33％)can be used as reference values for the diagnosis and treatment of URSA.

Zinc is an important regulator of various biological processes such as protein synthesis,cell proliferation,migration and autophagy.The zinc transporter ZIP13(SLC39A13)is a homodimeric metal transporter functioning in transport of zinc,iron,and calcium plasma in body.ZIP13 is involved in disease by regulating zinc homeostasis,such as the key role of ZIP13 in connective tissue development because it is involved in the BMP/TGF-β signaling pathway.ZIP13 promotes the metastasis of human ovarian cancer cells by activating the Src/FAK signaling pathway and ZIP13 inhibits the biogenesis and energy expenditure of beige adipocytes by regulating C/EBP-β expression.