[Objective] To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated with underactive bladder (UAB) who respond poorly to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). [Methods] A retrospective analysis was performed on 10 patients with BPH and UAB treated with TURP by the same surgeon in Zhongda Hospital Southeast University during Jan.2018 and Jan.2023.The residual urine volume was not significantly relieved after operation, and the maximum urine flow rate and urine volume per discharge were not significantly improved.All patients underwent phase I SNM, and urinary diaries were recorded before and after surgery to observe the average daily frequency of urination, volume per urination, maximum urine flow rate, and residual urine volume. [Results] The operation time was (97.6±11.2) min.During the postoperative test of 2-4 weeks, if the residual urine volume reduction by more than 50% was deemed as effective, SNM was effective in 6 patients (60.0%). Compared with preoperative results, the daily frequency of urination [(20.2±3.8) times vs. (13.2±3.2) times], volume per urination [(119.2±56.7) mL vs. (246.5±59.2) mL], maximum urine flow rate [(8.7±1.5) mL/s vs. (16.5±2.6) mL/s], and residual urine volume [(222.5±55.0) mL vs. (80.8±16.0) mL] were significantly improved, with statistical significance (P<0.05). There were no complications such as bleeding, infection, fever or pain.The 6 patients who had effective outcomes successfully completed phase II surgery, and the fistula was removed.During the follow-up of 1 year, the curative effect was stable, and there were no complications such as electrode displacement, incision infection, or pain in the irritation sites.The residual urine volume of the other 4 unsuccessful patients did not improve significantly, and the electrodes were removed and the vesicostomy tube was retained. [Conclusion] SNM is safe and effective in the treatment of BPH with UAB patients with poor curative effects after TURP.

OBJECTIVE：To study the sta bility，in vivo release characteristics and tissue distribution of docetaxel （DTX）- dihydroartemisinin（DHA）conjugated prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles （DTX-S-S-DHA NPs ）. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to analyze DTX-S-S-DHA in vitro . The phycial and long-term stability of DTX-S-S-DHA NPs in mediums [water ， saline，phosphate buffer （PBS，pH 7.4）and RPMI 1640 medium] were investigated by using particle size ，polydispersity index （PDI）and encapsulation efficiency （EE）as evaluation indexes. The in vitro release characteristics of DTX-S-S-DHA released from DTX-S-S-DHA NPs was also investigated with small glass method ，using 30％ ethanol solution with or without 10 mmol/L dithiothreitol（DTT）as medium. The small live animal imager was adopted to investigate the tissue distribution and tumor targeting capability of DiR-labeled DTX-S-S-DHA NPs （DTX-S-S-DHA/DiR NPs ）in breast cancer bearing mice. RESULTS ：In stability test，there was no statistical difference in particle size ，PDI and EE of DTX-S-S-DHA NPs incubated in water ，normal saline ，PBS and RPMI 1640 medium for 24 h. When stored at 4 ℃，with the increase of storage time ，the particle size of DTX-S-S-DHA NPs in normal saline gradually increased ，while those in PBS gradually decreased ；EE of both gradually decreased to less than 75％， but there was no significant change in particle size ，PDI and EE of DTX-S-S-DHA NPs in water and RPMI 1640 medium. In the in vitro release experiments ，DTX-S-S-DHA in DTX-S-S-DHA NPs was not released in the release medium containing 10 mmol/L DTT；at 24 h，the cumulative release rate of DTX-S-S-DHA released from DTX-S-S-DHA NPs in release medium without DTT was about 83％，which was in line with first-order kinetic model. In tissue distribution test ，the distribution of DTX-S-S-DHA/DiR NPs in tumor sites of mice was significantly more than in other tissues （heart，liver，spleen，lung and kidney ）. CONCLUSIONS ： DTX-S-S-DHA NPs show good physical stability in different mediums ，especially have good long-term stability in water and RPMI ； 1640 medium；they can quickly release the parent drug in the reduction environment and has good tumor targeting.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bisphenol A exposure on the expression of DNA methyltransferase(Dnmt) gene in mouse Leydig cell line TM3 cells. METHODS: TM3 cells were randomly divided into 0, 20, 50, 125 and 300 μmol/L dose group(0 μmol/L dose group was the control group). Cells were treated with various concentration of bisphenol A solution for 24 hours.The viability of TM3 cells was determined by CCK-8 method, and the mRNA expression of Dnmt1, Dnmt3 a and Dnmt3 b was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:The viability of TM3 cells decreased with the increasing doses of bisphenol A(P<0.01). The relative mRNA expression of Dnmt1 in TM3 cells decreased with the increase of doses of bisphenol A(P<0.01).The relative mRNA expression of Dnmt3 b in TM3 cells in the 20, 50, 125, 300 μmol/L dose group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistical significant difference in the relative mRNA expression of Dnmt3 a in TM3 cells in these 5 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Bisphenol exposure is cytotoxic to TM3 cells. This toxic effect may be related to changes in Dnmt mRNA expression.

Heart failure is the leading cause of death in cardiovascular diseases.Despite effectiveness of current clinical treatment,it is not satisfactory in general,so more effective and optimal therapies are under seeking.All available evidences show that cardiac muscles have limited regenerative capacity in adult mammals,while some vertebrates,such as zebrafish and salamander,can completely recover through perfect regeneration following myocardial injury.In-depth investigation into underlying mechanism may facilitate the development of human heart's potential of scarless healing.In this review paper,we summarized recent progresses in distinct cardiac regenerative capacity and their main influencing factors of several model animals through comparative analysis.

Objective To observe the intervention effect of vitamin C (Vit C) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on myocardial fibrosis in rats.Methods Forty male SD rats were selected,body weight were 125-140 g,and they were divided into 8 groups according to body weight using a random number table method.Four rats for control group,3 rats for model group,6 rats for Vit C early group,6 rats for ATP early group,6 rats for Vit C + ATP early group,5 rats for Vit C late group,5 rats for ATP late group,and 5 rats for Vit C + ATP late group.Rats in model group and these intervention groups were induced with doxorubicin (2 mg/kg each week) for 6 weeks,and control group was given the same amount of normal saline.All early groups were intragastrically administered with Vit C (200 mg·kg-1·d-1),ATP (45 mg·kg-1·d-1) and Vit C + ATP (200 mg·kg-1·d-1 + 45 mg·kg-1 ·d-1) in the fourth week;these late groups were intragastrically administered with the same dose in the sixth week;each group was continuously administered for 21 days.Three days after the last intervention,cardiac ultrasonography was performed in all surviving rats,and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD),left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were recorded.The rats were sacrificed and the hearts were taken.HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of myocardial tissue and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculate.Serum cardiac troponin Ⅰ (CTn-Ⅰ) and type Ⅰ procollagen amino terminal peptide (PINP) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Compared with control group [(3.65 ± 0.25) mm,(80.63 ± 3.03)％,(43.57 ± 2.54)％],LVESD [(5.07 ± 0.58),(4.06 ± 0.68),(4.71 ± 0.43),(4.87 ± 0.44),(4.79 ± 0.59),(5.07 ± 0.62),(4.97 ± 0.29) mm] of model group and each intervention groups were increased,LVEF [(62.17 ± 4.92)％,(71.28 ± 3.54)％,(65.03 ± 3.35)％,(59.81 ± 2.45)％,(60.42 ± 9.22)％,(60.15 ± 3.06)％,(60.65 ± 2.05)％],and LVFS [(30.05 ± 2.95)％,(36.44 ± 2.90)％,(31.63 ± 2.15)％,(26.95 ± 1.05)％,(28.35 ± 6.84)％,(27.79 ± 2.41)％,(28.38 ± 1.42)％] were decreased (P ＜ 0.05);compared with model group,LVESD was decreased,LVEF and LVFS were increased in Vit C early group (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining showed that the myocardial pathology of each early group improved to different degrees,such as cardiomyocyte degeneration,necrosis and fibrosis,inflammatory cell infiltration,moderate degree of interstitial edema,Vit C early group and Vit C + ATP early group were more pronounced.Masson staining showed significant improvement in fibrosis in the Vit C early group and Vit C + ATP early group,and collagen fibers were significantly reduced.Compared with the control group [(0.52 ± 0.14)％],the CVF [(27.11 ± 5.05)％,(9.80 ± 1.84)％,(16.55 ± 2.21)％,(5.06 ± 1.45)％,(12.11 ± 2.12)％,(15.71 ± 1.56)％,(16.93 ± 2.76)％] of myocardial tissue in model group and each intervention groups were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in CTn-Ⅰ and PINP levels between the eight groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Vit C can reduce myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac function in the early stage.The effect of ATP alone to improve fibrosis is not obvious.

Recent studies have overturned the previous belief that adult cardiocyte had been thought to permanently withdraw from cell-cycle activity.At present,targeting cardiocyte proliferation is one of current major therapeutic strategies for myocardial injury and repair following injury.Therefore,the author review the research progress in cell-cycle regulation of cardiocyte proliferation by systematically searched the relevant studies.

The mitochondrial quality control system maintains mitochondrial homeostasis mainly through protein degradation, vesicle transport, and mitophagy. Mitochondrial biosynthesis, dynamics, and calcium ion play key regulative roles in mitochondrial quality control. Under normal conditions, the mitochondrial quality control system can work well. In recent years, studies have found that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with the occurrence of heart failure. In order to understand mitochondrial function, this paper reviews mitochondrial quality control methods, regulatory factors and their potential therapeutic applications in heart failure.

Keshan disease (KD),an endemic cardiomyopathy liable to affect preschool children and young women with high disability and mortality,occurs in some rural areas of mainland China.However,the cause of KD remains unclear except for a number of plausible hypotheses proposed,which have puzzled scientists for nearly a hundred years since 1935.In this paper,we systematically reviewed KD etiological studies in@@literature,and classified them into five key historical times as follows:preliminary investigation stage (from Manchuria to the early days of new China),blossom research stage the 20th century (from the late 1950s through the 1960s),broad collaboration stage (from the 1970s through the mid-1980s),key research stage for selenium compounding factors (from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s),and radical innovation research stage (since the late 1990s).In the past century,several risk factors including unbalanced diet,selenium deficiency,enterovirus infection and mildew cereals,have been proved to be closely related to KD occurrence and development,but their etiological necessity and relationship are yet to be clarified.We highly recommend that the lack of study subjects could be overcome by referring to the major clues identified in literature,by using experimental animal models,and by establishing a core biological specimen bank of KD patients as well.

Objective To carry out a pilot investigation into fungus diversity in corn samples harvested from Keshan disease areas and obtain the information of dominant fungi,to predict possible secondary toxins in future study.Methods In Keshan disease areas (Heshui County and Zhengning County of Gansu Province,Yuanbao Town of Heilongjiang Province) and non-Keshan disease area (Harbin suburbs of Heilongjiang Province),5 samples of newly harvested corn from local plants were collected via the simple random sampling method,and the samples (n =20) were put in a sterile bags and sealed,numbered and transported to laboratory,placed in the incubator for cultivating mould fungi,cuhured for 2 weeks,and fungal DNA was extracted.The DNA samples were sent to Beijing Auwegene Technology Co Ltd for quality inspection,and sequencing analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region was done using modern high-throughput DNA sequencing technique and MiSeq PE3000 platform,the rationality of sequencing data was analyzed through the rarefaction curve and the Shannon-Wiener curve trend to be gentle or not,and the true condition of the fungal community in the sample was tested by species composition Coverage ＞ 99％ or not,the difference in fungal community was studied between Keshan disease group and non-Keshan disease group based on the relative abundance of the fungal species in each group.Results A total of 513 869 high quality sequences were obtained,and 528 operational taxonomic unit (OTU) classifications were produced.The trend of rarefaction curve and Shannon-Wiener curve were gradually flattening,they showed that the sequences of the data were reasonable;and coverage ＞ 99％ showed that data could reflect the true situation of the fungal community.Analysis of species composition showed that there was a great overlap of fungal species between Keshan disease group and non-Keshan disease group,the relative abundance of the genus Wickerhamomyces,Candida and Aspergillus in Keshan disease group were higher than that of non-Keshan disease group.Conclusion Genus Wickerhamomyces,Candida and Aspergillus may be the dominant fungi associated with Keshan disease,it can be considered for secondary toxins studies.

Objective To explore expression level of circulating microRNA (miR)-133a and Galectin-3 and their potential clinical application in differential diagnosis between patients with chronic Keshan disease and dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods Twenty-eight patients with chronic Keshan disease and 28 cases of age-and sex-matched healthy people as control from the same severe historical endemic areas of Keshan disease in Heilongjiang Province,and another 28 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy from non-affected areas were chosen for the study.All the subjects were asked for disease history and did physical examination,examined by Doppler echocardiography for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD),and collected fasting venous blood specimen (elbow vein).The plasma miR-133a and the serum Galectin-3 were determined by Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent method,respectively.Meanwhile,the correlation was analyzed between miR-133a,galectin-3,LVEF and LVEDD.Results The miR-133a and Galectin-3 levels in different groups were statistically different (F =48.789,9.485,P ＜ 0.01).The plasma miR-133a level in chronic Keshan disease group and dilated cardiomyopathy group [median (quartile):0.394 (0.271,0.770),1.665 (0.943,2.713)] were both significantly lower than those in control group [2.382 (1.502,3.302],P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05],and the plasma miR-133a level in chronic Keshan disease group was lower than that in dilated cardiomyopathy group (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference of serum Galectin-3 level between chronic Keshan disease group and dilated cardiomyopathy group [17.710 (9.624,27.799),12.692 (9.376,26.290) μg/L,P ＞ 0.05],but both were significantly higher than those in control group [8.070 (7.135,9.308) μg/L,P ＜ 0.01].The miR-133a was positively correlated with LVEF (rs =0.297,P ＜ 0.01),while negatively correlated with LVEDD,and Galectin-3 (rs =-0.271,-0.318,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01);the serum Galectin-3 was negatively correlated with LVEF (rs =-0.392,P ＜ 0.01),and positively correlated with LVEDD (rs =0.385,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The combined application of miR-133a,Galectin-3,LVEF and LVEDD may provide assistance in clinical differential diagnosis of chronic Keshan disease and dilated cardiomyopathy.