Objective:To investigate the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza B/Victoria (BV) virus in Xi′an city from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Twenty-five BV strains isolated from the Xi′an influenza surveillance network laboratory between 2019 and 2023 were collected. The HA and NA genes were sequenced using MiniSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. An evolutionary tree was constructed using bioinformatics software to analyze homology and mutation sites, and to predict N-glycosylation sites online. The antigenicity of the strains was analyzed through hemagglutination inhibition tests.Results:The BV influenza in Xi′an exhibited a distinct seasonal transmission pattern from 2019 to 2023, with peak prevalence occurring during the winter and spring seasons. The evolutionary analysis of the HA genes shows that the strains from Xi′an in 2019 belong to the V1A.3 branch, and the strains from 2021 to 2023 belong to the V1A.3a.2 branch. Analysis of antigenic sites showed that there were variations in 6 sites of 3 antigenic determinants in the HA proteins of the BV strains from 2021-2022 compared to 2019, and 2 sites of 1 antigenic determinant changed in the HA proteins in 2023 compared to 2021-2022. The evolutionary analysis of the NA genes indicates that the BV strains from Xi′an in 2019 belong to the A. 1.1 branch. By 2021 and 2022, it had evolved into the A. 1.2 clade, and by 2023, it had further evolved into the B clade and its derivatives, with no strains showing mutations associated with resistance to NA inhibitors. Antigenic analysis indicated that the majority of BV strains in Xi′an were similar to the strains included in the vaccine composition. Furthermore, glycosylation analysis showed that the potential N-glycosylation sites in the HA proteins of BV strains from 2021-2023 were reduced by one compared to those from 2019, and only a few strains from 2023 displayed alterations in the potential N-glycosylation sites of the NA proteins.Conclusions:The HA and NA genes of the BV strains from 2019 to 2023 are continuously mutating and evolving into new branches. Since 2021, V1A.3a.2 has become the dominant evolutionary branch of the HA genes, while the evolutionary branches of the NA genes from 2019 to 2023 have been continuously changing.

We investigated the prevalence and genetic variation of porcine pseudorabies virus(PRV)in Hunan Province.A total of 18 861 serum samples and 1 725 suspected PRV-infected tissue sam-ples were collected from Hunan Province from 2021 to 2022.ELISA and qPCR assays were used to detect PRV-gE antibodies in serum samples and the PRV-gE nucleic acids in tissue samples.The positive rates of samples in different years and seasons were analyzed correspondingly.Moreover,the gC gene sequences of 15 PRV-positive samples were amplified,sequenced,and analyzed.The results showed that 2 004 serum and 56 tissue samples tested positive,with an average positive rate of 10.74％and 3.25％,respectively.The sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide and ami-no acid sequence identities of the gC gene among 15 PRV-positive samples were 98.4％-100.0％and 98.8％-100.0％,respectively.Further genetic evolution analysis showed that 13 PRV strains belonged to the same branch with the PRV variants,while two strains were clustered into the same branch with the classical PRV strains.The above results indicate that PRV remains widely prevalent in different regions of Hunan Province,and the variant strain is the dominant epi-demic subtype,which provided a scientific basis for exploring the epidemiological characteristics of PRV and the development of vaccines against PR in Hunan Province.

Objective To understand the characteristics of long-working hours exposure of medical staff,and analyze the impact of long-working hours exposure on mental health problems such as occupational stress,depression,fatigue accumulation,and insomnia.Methods The cluster random sampling method was used to select the medical staff of 12 tertiary general hospitals in Guangdong Province as the research subjects,and the"Core Scale of Occupational Stress Measurement"and other scales were used to evaluate their occupational mental health.Results The average working hours of medical staff per day were(8.99±2.18)h;2,094 people were exposed during long working hours,accounting for 78.96%.The results of binary logistics regression analysis showed that after excluding the influence of sociodemographic factors such as age,long working hours(weekly working hours greater than 40 h)were the risk factors for occupational stress,depressive symptoms and fatigue accumulation of medical staff(P<0.01),and the longer the working week,the higher the risk of occupational stress,depressive symptoms and fatigue accumulation.Weekly working hours greater than 48 hours are risk factors for insomnia(P<0.01).Conclusion Long working hours are common among delivery workers on food delivery platforms,and long working hours are a risk factor for occupational tension and fatigue.

Objective:To develop an online interactive cytopathological training program, and to evaluate it for improving the cytopathological diagnostic ability of endoscopists in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of pancreas.Methods:A total of 5 500 cytopathological images were collected from 194 patients with pancreatic solid mass who underwent EUS-FNA in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019. The cell type in each cytopathological picture was labeled by senior cellular pathologists, which was used to build a learning and testing platform for online interactive cytopathological training. Five endoscopists without cytopathological background were invited to participate in this training. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of endoscopists in differential diagnosis of cancer and non-cancer before and after training were compared to evaluate the effect of the online interactive cytopathological training program on improving the ability of endoscopists in diagnosis of cytopathology.Results:A cytopathological training platform for endoscopists to learn and take online test was successfully built. Before training, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of diagnosis of cancer and non-cancer for endoscopists were 0.55 (95% CI: 0.53-0.58), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.30-0.35), 0.43 (95% CI: 0.41-0.45), 0.44 (95% CI: 0.41-0.47) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.42-0.45), respectively. After training, the above indicators were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95-0.97), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.68-0.73), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72-0.76), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94-0.96) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.80-0.83), respectively, which were significantly improved compared with those before ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The online interactive cytopathological training program can improve the understanding and diagnostic ability of endoscopists in pancreatic cytopathology, help to implement rapid on-site evaluation in the process of EUS-FNA, and improve the diagnostic efficiency of EUS-FNA.

Objective:To investigate the current application of colonoscopy at hospitals in China.Methods:From November 2019 to January 2020, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among gastroenterologists and colonoscopists in hospitals of different levels. The contents of questionnaire survey included basic information of colonoscopy at the respondent′s hospital, protocols and patient education of bowel preparation, implementation of colonoscopy quality control, and colonoscopists′ understanding of polypectomy techniques and post-polypectomy follow-up.Results:A total of 236 valid questionnaires were collected, involving 187 hospitals, and 143 (76.5%) had an annual operation capacity of more than 5 000 cases. In terms of bowel preparation, split-dosed polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder (PEG) was the most commonly used (60.4%, 113/187) and the most common volume of PEG was 3 L (67.4%, 126/187). Verbal (90.9%, 170/187) and written (79.7%, 149/187) instructions were given more often than other methods for patient education of bowel preparation. Antifoaming agent was routinely used in 124 (66.3%) hospitals. In terms of quality control, only 11.5% (20/174) hospitals implemented all four measures. In terms of polypectomy techniques, 98.1% (203/207) colonoscopists chose hot snare polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection for lesions of diameter>1 cm, while options varied for lesions of diameter<1 cm. The interval of follow-up after polypectomy recommended by colonoscopists was shorter than that by guidelines.Conclusion:Several problems are found in the survey in the application of colonoscopy in China, i. e., patient education of bowel preparation is not diversified; quality control of colonoscopy still needs to be strengthened; polypectomy techniques and follow-up after polypectomy need to be further standardized.

Objective:To explore the relationship between input and output of occupational health funds, and to provide basis for relevant departments to make decisions.Methods:In September 2018, a state-owned iron ore in Hebei Province (mining history of more than 10 years, which can represent the general type of iron ore) was selected as the research object. Through the investigation and collection of enterprise general situation, occupational health input, loss and output related indicators, the iron mine occupational health expenditure input-output table and model were established, and the digital relationship between the investment and output was solved by MATLAB software.Results:The labor consumption in the departments of underground mining, open pit mining, crushing and rock discharging, transportation, tailings and mineral processing (taking labor wages as reference) were 756.46, 1.281.78, 987.61, 1 570.71, 50.956 and 18.9116 million yuan/year respectively. The output value of each sector is 11 207.19, 18 989.95, 15 176.40, 25 294.00, 7.704.94 and 280.1797 million yuan/year respectively. The ratio of health input to total output was 0.004 5, and the ratio of occupational health input to output was 1/0.046.Conclusion:The input-output table model of occupational health in iron mine can reflect the relationship between input and output of occupational health funds. The input situation of the coal mine is poor, and the input does not bring obvious occupational health benefits.

Objective:To explore the relationship between input and output of occupational health funds, and to provide basis for relevant departments to make decisions.Methods:In September 2018, a state-owned iron ore in Hebei Province (mining history of more than 10 years, which can represent the general type of iron ore) was selected as the research object. Through the investigation and collection of enterprise general situation, occupational health input, loss and output related indicators, the iron mine occupational health expenditure input-output table and model were established, and the digital relationship between the investment and output was solved by MATLAB software.Results:The labor consumption in the departments of underground mining, open pit mining, crushing and rock discharging, transportation, tailings and mineral processing (taking labor wages as reference) were 756.46, 1.281.78, 987.61, 1 570.71, 50.956 and 18.9116 million yuan/year respectively. The output value of each sector is 11 207.19, 18 989.95, 15 176.40, 25 294.00, 7.704.94 and 280.1797 million yuan/year respectively. The ratio of health input to total output was 0.004 5, and the ratio of occupational health input to output was 1/0.046.Conclusion:The input-output table model of occupational health in iron mine can reflect the relationship between input and output of occupational health funds. The input situation of the coal mine is poor, and the input does not bring obvious occupational health benefits.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rate of gallstones among university teachers in Tianjin, China, and related risk factors. MethodsPhysical examination data were collected from the teachers from five universities who participated in physical examination in Physical Examination Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, in 2015, and abdominal ultrasound was used for the diagnosis of gallstones. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for gallstones in the teachers from different universities, and a meta-analysis was used for the pooled analysis of prevalence rate and risk factors. ResultsA total of 8006 university teachers were enrolled, among whom 440 were diagnosed with gallstones, and the pooled prevalence rate of gallstones was 5.5%. The meta-analysis showed that hypertension (odds ratio ［OR］=1.67, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 1.32-2.12, P＜0.001), fatty liver (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.12-1.72, P＜0.001), kidney stones (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.15-3.14, P=0.01), and high levels of hexokinase (OR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.03-1.94, P=0.03), alanine aminotransferase (OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.01-1.73, P=0.04), and globulin (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.08-2.79, P=0.02) were risk factors for gallstones. ConclusionThere is a relatively low prevalence rate of gallstones among university teachers in Tianjin, and hypertension, fatty liver, kidney stones, and high levels of hexokinase, alanine aminotransferase, and globulin may be the risk factors for gallstones.

Objective:To evaluate the value of controlled low central venous pressure (CLCVP) in laparoscopic hepatectomy within an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme.Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, of liver function Child-Pugh grade A, with New York Heart Association classⅠor Ⅱ, scheduled for elective laparoscopic hepatectomy with an expected surgery time 3-5 h, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: CLCVP-ERAS group (group CE) and routine ERAS group (group E). In group CE, the central venous pressure was maintained less than 5 cmH 2O through using restricted fluid replacement, adjusting the position, giving the vasodilator and etc.In group E, the central venous pressure was maintained at 5-12 cmH 2O.Arterial blood samples were then collected before operation and at 1 and 4 days after operation for determination of parameters of hepatic and renal functions.The volume of fluid infused before and after liver resection, total volume of intraoperative fluid infused, blood loss, blood transfusion, duration of surgery, postoperative time to first flatus, off-bed time, length of hospitalization and total cost of hospitalization were recorded. Results:Compared with group E, the volume of fluid infused before liver resection, total volume of intraoperative fluid infused, blood loss, and blood transfusion were significantly decreased, the volume of fluid infused after liver resection was increased, the duration of surgery, time to first flatus after operation, off-bed time and length of hospitalization were shortened, and the total cost of hospitalization was reduced ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters of hepatic and renal functions in group CE ( P>0.05). Conclusion:CLCVP is helpful for the rapid recovery of patients without obvious adverse reactions when used for laparoscopic hepatectomy within an ERAS programme.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of a commercial low-residue diet (LRD) for bowel preparation of colonoscopy. Methods: This study was a prospective, endoscopist-blind, and randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups according to administration of LRD: the experimental group and the control group. Bowel preparation quality, compliance and tolerability of the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 61 patients were enrolled, with 32 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The outcomes were as follows: Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) (7.8±1.0 VS 7.1±1.3, P=0.037), the rate of bowel preparation adequacy (87.5% VS 79.3%, P=0.388), compliance rate of dietary restriction (78.1% VS 55.2%, P=0.057), preparation completion rate (93.8% VS 93.1%, P=0.919), cecal intubation rate (both were 100.0%) and cecum arrival time (9.1±2.9 min VS 9.8±3.7 min, P=0.417), incidence of adverse (3.1% VS 3.4%, P=0.944), and hunger rate before colonoscopy (34.4% VS 48.3%, P=0.102). Conclusion The LRD for bowel preparation of colonoscopy significantly improves BBPS, but its effect on improving the bowel preparation adequacy, patient compliance and tolerability needs to be confirmed by further larger-scale trials.