Objective:To investigate the interaction between fibroblasts (Fb) and keratinocytes (KC) in the wound edge skin tissue of a diabetic foot patient and the mechanism.Methods:This was an experimental research. The wound edge skin tissue from a diabetic foot patient (male and 33 years old) admitted to the Department of Wound Repair of Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in August 2021 and from an acute foot injury patient (male and 50 years old) admitted to the Department of Hand Surgery of the hospital in September 2021 was collected. The single-cell transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the interaction between chemokine ligands of Fb subgroup and chemokine receptors of KC subgroup. The supernatant was collected after human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) was cultured routinely and with high concentration of glucose for 7 days as normal conditioned medium (CM) and high glucose CM, respectively. HaCaT cells were collected and divided into normal CM group cultured with normal CM and high glucose CM group cultured with high glucose CM, the scratch test was performed to calculate the cell migration rates at 24 and 48 h after scratch ( n=3). The content of cytokines in the two kinds of CM was detected by liquid suspension chip ( n=5). HFF was collected and divided into normal group cultured routinely and high glucose group cultured with high concentration of glucose for 7 days, and the mRNA expressions of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL12 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( n=6). HaCaT cells in normal CM group and high glucose CM group were collected to detect the protein expressions of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in cells cultured for 48 h by Western blotting ( n=3). HaCaT cells were collected and divided into normal CM group, high glucose CM group, normal CM+CXCL12 group, and high glucose CM+CXCL12 group. The first two groups of cells were treated as before, and the latter two groups of cells were cultured with normal CM and high glucose CM containing recombinant human CXCL12, respectively. Scratch test was performed, and cell migration rates were calculated at 24 and 48 h after scratch ( n=3); the protein expression of CXCR4 in cells cultured for 48 h was detected by Western blotting ( n=3). Results:Compared with those in the wound edge skin tissue of acute foot injury, the interactions between chemokine ligands (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL8, and CXCL12) of Fb subgroup and chemokine receptors (CXCR2 and CXCR4) of KC subgroup were significantly weakened in the wound edge skin tissue of diabetic foot. At 24 and 48 h after scratch, the migration rates of HaCaT cells in high glucose CM group were significantly lower than those in normal CM group (with t values of 23.50 and 15.65, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with that in normal CM, the content of CXCL1 in high glucose CM was significantly increased ( P<0.05), and the content of CXCL12 was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). After 7 days of culture, compared with those in normal group, the mRNA expressions of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8 in HFF in high glucose group were significantly increased (with t values of 4.25, 4.98, and 10.04, respectively, P<0.05), while the mRNA expression of CXCL12 was significantly decreased ( t=4.10, P<0.05). After 48 h of culture, the CXCR4 protein expression in HaCaT cells in high glucose CM group was significantly lower than that in normal CM group ( t= 5.13, P<0.05). At 24 and 48 h after scratch, the migration rates of HaCaT cells in high glucose CM group were significantly lower than those in normal CM group and high glucose CM+CXCL12 group (with P values all <0.05); at 24 h after scratch, the migration rate of HaCaT cells in normal CM+CXCL12 group was significantly lower than that in normal CM group ( P<0.05); at 48 h after scratch, the migration rate of HaCaT cells in normal CM+CXCL12 group was significantly higher than that in high glucose CM+CXCL12 group ( P<0.05). At 48 h of culture, the CXCR4 protein expression of HaCaT cells in high glucose CM+CXCL12 group was 0.446±0.050, which was significantly higher than 0.247±0.010 in high glucose CM group ( P<0.05) and similar to 0.522±0.082 in normal CM+CXCL12 group ( P>0.05); the CXCR4 protein expression in HaCaT cells in normal CM group was 0.509±0.055, which was significantly higher than that in high glucose CM group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The interactions between chemokine ligands of Fb subgroup and chemokine receptors of KC subgroup were significantly weakened in the wound edge skin tissue of diabetic foot. High glucose can inhibit CXCL12 secretion of HFF, and the stimulation of its cell culture supernatant can decrease HaCaT cell migration ability and CXCR4 expression. Exogenous CXCL12 protein can increase the CXCR4 protein expression in HaCaT cells and enhance the cell migration ability.

Arsenic is a widely occurring metalloid element in the natural environment and is one of the primary carcinogens identified by the World Health Organization (WHO), but the specific carcinogenic mechanism is currently unclear. In recent years, through toxicological studies on arsenic, it has been found that exposure to arsenic can affect cellular metabolism in the body, which may be closely related to the carcinogenic mechanism of arsenic. Therefore, the authors review the research progress on arsenic exposure-induced effects on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical phenotype and genetic etiology for a child featuring congenital hypothyroidism (CH). METHODS: Whole exome sequencing (WES), copy number variation (CNV) sequencing and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were carried out for a newborn infant who had presented at Linyi People's Hospital for CH. Clinical data of the child was analyzed, in addition with a literature review. RESULTS: The main characteristics of the newborn infant had included peculiar face, vulvar edema, hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, recurrent respiratory tract infection with laryngeal wheezing and feeding difficulties. Laboratory test indicated hypothyroidism. WES suggested a CNV deletion on chromosome 14q12q13. CMA further confirmed a 4.12 Mb deletion at chromosome 14q12q13.3 (32649595_36769800), which has encompassed 22 genes including NKX2-1, the pathogenic gene for CH. The same deletion was found in neither of her parents. CONCLUSION Through the analysis of clinical phenotype and genetic variant, the child was diagnosed with 14q12q13.3 microdeletion syndrome.
Female ; Humans ; Congenital Hypothyroidism/genetics* ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Phenotype ; Syndrome ; Microarray Analysis

Objective To study the changes of serum biochemical parameters of rats after subchronic fluoride exposure. Methods Totally 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups by weight, 20 in each group. Control group drinking distilled water, fluorine groups drinking distilled water containing 60 and 120 mg/L NaF,respectively. After exposed to fluoride for 4 and 12 weeks (n = 10), rats were sacrificed by anesthesia and their serum samples were collected. The biochemical techniques were used to test serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), magnesium (Mg2+), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), potassium (K+), phosphate (Pi), and calcium (Ca2+) contents. Results After comparison of serum TG, T-CHO, LDL, Mg2+, K+, Pi, Ca2+levels of rats in the 3 groups at 4 and 12 weeks of fluoride exposure, no statistical significant difference was found (P > 0.05). At 4 and 12 weeks, the HDL levels in fluoride-exposed rats decreased compared to that of the control rats (mmol/L,4 weeks:0.40 ± 0.07,0.22 ± 0.05, 0.16 ± 0.04; 12 weeks: 0.38 ± 0.32, 0.31 ± 0.14, 0.26 ± 0.13), the 4 week of 60, 120 mg/L fluoride groups were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). After exposed to fluoride for 4 and 12 weeks, the serum concentrations of AKP in the three groups were significantly different statistically(King unit/100 ml,4 weeks:16.18 ± 5.03,7.57 ± 5.83,6.01 ± 1.65;12 weeks:8.65 ± 3.71,13.70 ± 9.31,18.57 ± 9.16;F=12.38,4.31,P<0.05).At 4 weeks, fluorine group with 60 and 120 mg/L were significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). However, AKP levels increased with increased fluoride concentrations in rats exposed to fluoride for 12 weeks. Conclusion Subchronic fluoride exposure could change the serum levels of HDL and AKP in rats.

Objective To systematically review the relationship between arsenic exposure through drinking water and human cancer risk.Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), VIP Database, WanFang Data,China Biology Medicine Disc(CBM),PubMed,Embase and Cochrane Library were searched through computer to find out the relationship between arsenic exposure and tumorigenesis.The search period was from January 1,1997 to January 1,2017.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.The heterogeneity of the literatures that met the inclusion criteria was examined,and analysis was performed by using fixed effect model or random effect model. OR and 95%CI were calculated, the publication bias was evaluated by inverted funnel plot, and sensitivity analysis was performed. Results Totally 14 literatures entered into this study, 13 927 people in arsenic exposure group, 5 720 people in control group. The meta-analysis showed that, 14 literatures were homogeneous through the heterogeneity test, and was analyzed in the fixed effect model with OR (95 % CI) = 1.20 (1.09, 1.33),which suggested that the risk of cancer in the arsenic exposure group was 1.20 times higher than that in control group. Inverted funnel plot was basically symmetrical,literatures publication bias was small;the result was more reliable by sensitivity analysis.Conclusion Arsenic exposure through drinking water may be a risk factor of tumor.

Objective To study the influence of long time exposure to low levels of sodium arsenite on Warburg effect in cultured human epithelial cells (SV-HUC-1) at different times.Methods SV-HUC-1 cells were exposed to 0.5 μmol/L sodium arsenite for 10,20,30 weeks and cells cultured without sodium arsenite for 10,20,30 weeks were regarded as control groupsin vitro.Lactate assay kit and glucose assay kit were used to measure the lactate secretion and glucose consumption levels,and cells mRNA and protein expressions of SCL2A1 and hexokinase2(HK2) were detected using Real-time PCR and Western blotting.Results The levels of lactate secretion [(4.67 ± 0.20),(7.47 ± 0.28),(12.46 + 0.47) mmol/L],glucose consumption [(2.86 ± 0.11),(4.25 ± 0.19),(6.38 ± 0.05) mmol/L] and expression of HK2 protein (1.21 ± 0.06,1.36 ± 0.13,1.60 ± 0.12) increased significantly after treated with 0.5 μmol/L sodium for 10,20,30 weeks compared with those of control groups [(3.04 ± 0.11),(3.90 ± 0.32),(4.77 ± 0.24) mmol/L;(2.17 ± 0.15),(2.48 ± 0.24),(2.71 ± 0.13) mmol/L;1.00 ± 0.00;P ＜ 0.05].Compared with control group,the expressions of SCL2A1 mRNA,HK2 mRNA and SCL2A1 protein in SV-HUC-1 cells treated with sodium arsenite for 10 weeks increased but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).While the expressions of SCL2A1 mRNA,HK2 mRNA and SCL2A1 protein in SV-HUC-1 cells treated with sodium arsenite for 20 and 30 weeks increased significantly compared to those of control groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Long-term exposure to low concentrations of sodium arsenite can increase glycolysis in SV-HUC-1 and induce Warburg effect.

Objective The study aimed to explore the reliability and validity of public health practitioners 'job satisfaction scale. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted with professional and technical personnel in the province engaged in the work of public health of investigation;they were enrolled through the multi?stage cluster random sampling method for establishing the scale 's internal consistency reliability and structur?al validity. Results The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total satisfaction scale was 0.900. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.896, 0.781,and 0.799 for career development and achievement,relationship and career retention,and income and promotion latitudes,respectively. Four principal components were extracted and the results showed that the cumulative contribution rate was 69.72%and the factor analysis results were basically consistent with the theoretical structure. Conclusion The scale is thus considered to be a reliable and effective measurement tool assessing public health practitioners'job satisfaction,as it had good reliability and validity.

Objective To investigate the satisfaction status of patients in the Community Health Service Center,and to provide the basis data for reform and development of the Community Health Service Center in future. Methods 481 patients and 9 Community Health Service Center in Shenyang were randomly recruited in this study by the cluster sampling survey.Several trained interviewers used questionnaires to collect requisite information.Results In the all community health professionals,including technical level,therapeutic efficacy,preventive health service, service attitude and requirement satiation,the trust status of patients was the highest,the rates of satisfaction and very satisfaction got to 92.8%.The satisfaction status for preventive health service was the lowest,only 67.7%.In analysis on influencing factors,medical insurance of patients was the important factor for their satisfaction status.There were significant differences in technical level (χ2 =22.61 ,P <0.01 ),therapeutic efficacy (χ2 =21 .52,P <0.01 ), preventive health service (χ2 =1 4.35,P <0.05),service attitude (χ2 =22.43,P <0.01 ),requirement satiation (χ2 =22.30,P <0.01 ),the trust status of patients (χ2 =1 7.81 ,P <0.01 ).In addition,age and education degree also were the factors on the satisfaction status of patients.There were significant differences among different age group in therapeutic efficacy (χ2 =33.38,P <0.01 ),preventive health service (χ2 =24.43,P <0.05 ),requirement satiation (χ2 =26.55,P <0.01 ),the trust status of patients (χ2 =22.39,P <0.05 ).There were significant differences among different education degree in therapeutic efficacy (χ2 =1 5.79,P <0.05),service attitude (χ2 =1 4.63,P <0.05)and the trust status of patients (χ2 =1 3.50,P <0.05).Conclusion The satisfaction status of patients for service attitude is the highest and age,education degree and medical insurance of patients are the important factors influencing satisfaction status of patients.

Arsenic is one of the chemical pollutants,which is widely distributed in natural environment.International agency for research on cancer (IARC) has made it clear that arsenic and its compounds are carcinogens;endemic arseniasis has become a public health problem that seriously endangers human health.However,the arsenic metabolic and toxic effects of the species vary widely,failure to replicate a suitable carcinogenic model on animals,and there is no recognized carcinogenic mechanism.The author provide a brief review of arsenic metabolism,arsenic genotoxicity,arsenic-induced epigenetic changes,arsenic-induced changes in cell signaling pathways,arsenic and estrogen receptor expression,and arsenic immunotoxicity,to provide a reference for control and prevention of endemic arseniasis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the major influence factors of child neglect among rural areas children aged 3-6 years in China.

METHODSAccording to multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, distribution characteristics and the level of economic development, we randomly sampled 10 provinces, 26 cities (8 capital cities, 16 prefecture-level cities and 2 municipalities) using lottery method. Depending on the different level of economic and cultural, we sampled one medium county from each city (municipalities sampled two counties), a total of 28 counties. All towns were divided into high, medium and low three levels in accordance with economic and cultural, each level sampled one town, each conty sampled three towns, a total of 84 towns were sampled. Each town sampled 40 children, including 20 boys and 20 girls (including each 10 children aged 3 to 6, half and half boys and girls). 4 096 rural children aged 3-6 years old were sampled and surveyed of China. Based on "the Neglect Norms for Children Aged 3 to 6 Years Old in Rural Areas of China" explored the risk factors of child neglect. SPSS 18. 0 for windows was employed for statistics analysis. Multifactorial analysis was conducted through multivariate Logistic Regression.

RESULTSThe total neglected rate of the rural children aged 3 to 6 was 53.7% (2,047/3,810), and the total neglected degree was 44.42±7.57. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, neglected risk of the boys was higher than the girls (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.49), neglected risk of children were higher, when their mothers were migrant workers (OR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.59-3.00); the lower educational level of mothers, the higher neglected risk of children, the children in families that mothers only received primary education or was uneducated were most likely to be neglected (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.91-4.47), the second was the families that mothers received primary education (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.29-2.69); the lower the household income, the easier to be neglected the children, the easiest one was the household income less than 5000 RMB (OR=2.85, 95% CI: 2.14-3.79), the second was 5000-9,999 RMB (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.40-2.20); the relationship between children and mothers was distanced, neglect risk of children was higher (OR=3.88, 95% CI: 1.31-11.52); left behind children were easier to be neglected (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.09-1.54).

CONCLUSIONThe influence factors among children aged 3-6 years in the rural areas of China were boys, mother's occupation, maternal education level, the relationship between children and mothers, household income and left-behind children.

Child Abuse ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Demography ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants