Polysaccharides are the important material basis of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， and have various pharmacological activities such as immunomodulation， antitumor and anti-aging. Due to the large molecular weight of TCM polysaccharides， their structural analysis and oral absorption mechanism are facing technical challenges， and the current research on their structure-activity relationships has made some breakthroughs， while the research on their oral absorption mechanisms is relatively slow. In-depth study of the oral absorption mechanism of TCM polysaccharides is not only crucial for the interpretation of their action pathways and efficacy in vivo， but also helpful for the interpretation of their pharmacological effects， rational clinical applications and the discovery of new targets. In recent years， the application of fluorescent labeling and isotopic labeling methods has provided new technical means for the oral absorption studies of polysaccharides， which has promoted the development of oral absorption studies of TCM polysaccharides. In this paper， we reviewed the oral absorption pathways and labeling techniques of TCM polysaccharides， and concluded that they can be absorbed orally through transmembrane， cellular bypass， and M-cell-mediated transport， of which transmembrane pathway is the main absorption pathway， and summarized the labeling reactions of four fluorescent labeling and isotopic labeling methods with TCM polysaccharides， which can provide references for evaluating the absorption pathways of TCM polysaccharides， screening active TCM polysaccharides， establishing pharmacodynamic models and comprehensively elucidating the mechanism of TCM polysaccharides.

Insomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder,which interacts with other diseases,caus-ing health damage to human body and imposing a significant socio-economic burden.Currently,there have been fur-ther advancements in subtypes of insomnia disorder,comorbidity research,mechanistic hypotheses,assessment strategies,and treatment methods.With the advent of the information age,digital platforms can integrate early warn-ing,accurate assessment and diagnosis,treatment methods,and later follow-up for insomnia disorder to establish a comprehensive and standardized system for the treatment and management of insomnia disorder,helping to alleviate a rising morbidity rate and save healthcare costs.

Background Individuals may experience significant alterations in sleep hygiene during the major public health emergencies,consequently impacting their sleep quality.Objective To explore the relationship between sleep quality and sleep hygiene among adult residents during the major public health emergencies,so as to provide references for improving the sleep quality of residents during such a period.Methods A sample of 1 364 adult residents were enrolled as the research subjects from February 20 to 29,2020.All participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaire to obtain basic-demographic information and sleep hygiene.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)was applied to assess sleep quality.Residents were classified into poor sleepers with PSQI score≥8 and good sleepers defined as PSQI score<8.Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with sleep quality.Radar chart was used to visualize and compare the sleep hygiene between poor sleepers and good sleepers.Results According to PSQI score,891(65.32%)residents were good sleepers,while 473(34.68%)residents were poor sleepers.Comparison revealed that age(χ2=3.887),past medical history(χ2=27.938),awareness rate of importance of sleeping before major public health emergencies(χ2=4.337),impact of sleep quality on quality of life during the major public health emergencies(χ2=178.138),frequency of staying up late during the major public health emergencies(χ2=139.390),compensatory sleep behaviors(χ2=39.257),impact of sleep problems on daytime functioning(χ2=285.879),change of bedtime(χ2=63.031),sleep latency(χ2=168.672),wake-up time(χ2=59.221),changes in sleep duration(χ2=172.332),time spent in the bedroom(χ2=23.071),and sum of money spent on improving sleep environment(χ2=58.584)yielded statistical difference between poor sleepers and good sleepers(P<0.05 or 0.01).Logistic regression analysis denoted that past medical history(OR=1.680,95%CI:1.185～2.382),negative impact of sleep quality on quality life(OR=4.181,95%CI:2.722～6.422),staying up late 3 to 4 times per week(OR=3.145,95%CI:1.497～6.605),staying up late almost every day(OR=4.271,95%CI:1.970～9.260),negative impact of sleep problems on daytime functioning(OR=7.169,95%CI:5.188～9.907),prolonged sleep latency(OR=2.836,95%CI:2.019～3.982)and shortened sleep duration(OR=3.518,95%CI:2.144～5.772)were risk factors of poor sleep quality.The sum of money spent on improving sleep environment following the major public health emergencies≤500 RMB(OR=0.334,95%CI:0.134～0.830)was related to the incidence rate of poor sleep quality.Radar chart showed that poor sleepers were characterized by extravagant concerns,excessive cleanliness and poor sleep hygiene practices during the major public health emergencies,and poor sleepers were more likely to stay up late due to stress and emotional issues.Conclusion Some residents are facing poor sleep quality during the major public health emergencies,and poor sleep hygiene practice also contributes to poor sleep quality.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treatment of gastric cancer with ascites.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 39 gastric cancer patients with malignant ascites treated in Xi'an Third Hospital from May 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into the routine group (18 cases) and the observation group (21 cases) according to different treatment methods. The patients in the routine group were treated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic intravenous chemotherapy; the patients in the observation group were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors on the basis of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic intravenous chemotherapy. The clinical efficacy, tumor marker levels, Karnofsky scores, and incidence of adverse reactions of both groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) of both groups.Results:There were 12 males (66.7%) and 6 females (33.3%) in the routine group, with the age of (57±13) years; 13 males (61.9%) and 8 females (38.1%) in the observation group, with the age of (59±12) years. After treatment, the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate 125 (CA125), carbohydrate 199 (CA199) levels in the 2 groups were lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum CEA, CA125, CA199 levels in the observation group were lower than those in the routine group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). After treatment, Karnofsky scores in the observation group were higher than those before treatment [(78.6±7.5) scores vs. (69.5±8.9) scores], and Karnofsky scores in the observation group were higher than those in the routine group [(78.6±7.5) scores vs. (72.8±7.9) scores],and the differences were statistically significant ( t = -3.65, 2.33, all P < 0.05). The objective remission rate (ORR) was 55.6% (10/18) and 71.4%(15/21), respectively in the routine group and the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 9.24, P = 0.002). The median OS time was 38.97 months (95% CI: 34.99-42.95 months) and 23.62 months (95% CI: 18.49-28.74 months), respectively in the observation group and the routine group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.88, P = 0.049). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). No serious treatment-related complications were found in the observation group. Conclusions:Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors shows a good therapeutic effect in the treatment of gastric cancer with ascites, and the adverse reactions are controllable.

With the widespread use of electrical equipment, cognitive functions such as working memory (WM) could be severely affected when people are exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (EMF) for long term. However, the effects of EMF exposure on WM and its neural mechanism remain unclear. In the present paper, 15 rats were randomly assigned to three groups, and exposed to an EMF environment at 50 Hz and 2 mT for a different duration: 0 days (control group), 24 days (experimental group I), and 48 days (experimental group II). Then, their WM function was assessed by the T-maze task. Besides, their local field potential (LFP) in the media prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was recorded by the in vivo multichannel electrophysiological recording system to study the power spectral density (PSD) of θ and γ oscillations and the phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) intensity of θ-γ oscillations during the T-maze task. The results showed that the PSD of θ and γ oscillations decreased in experimental groups I and II, and the PAC intensity between θ and high-frequency γ (hγ) decreased significantly compared to the control group. The number of days needed to meet the task criterion was more in experimental groups I and II than that of control group. The results indicate that long-term exposure to EMF could impair WM function. The possible reason may be the impaired communication between different rhythmic oscillations caused by a decrease in θ-hγ PAC intensity. This paper demonstrates the negative effects of EMF on WM and reveals the potential neural mechanisms from the changes of PAC intensity, which provides important support for further investigation of the biological effects of EMF and its mechanisms.
Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects* ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Cognition

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment, with the predominant clinical diagnosis of spatial working memory (SWM) deficiency, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. However, the current pharmacological therapies have unsatisfactory cure rates and other problems, so non-pharmacological physical therapies have gradually received widespread attention. Recently, a novel treatment using 40 Hz light flicker stimulation (40 Hz-LFS) to rescue the cognitive function of model animals with AD has made initial progress, but the neurophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this paper will explore the potential neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of SWM by 40 Hz-LFS based on cross-frequency coupling (CFC). Ten adult Wistar rats were first subjected to acute LFS at frequencies of 20, 40, and 60 Hz. The entrainment effect of LFS with different frequency on neural oscillations in the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was analyzed. The results showed that acute 40 Hz-LFS was able to develop strong entrainment and significantly modulate the oscillation power of the low-frequency gamma (lγ) rhythms. The rats were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 5 rats each for a long-term 40 Hz-LFS (7 d). Their SWM function was assessed by a T-maze task, and the CFC changes in the HPC-mPFC circuit were analyzed by phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). The results showed that the behavioral performance of the experimental group was improved and the PAC of θ-lγ rhythm was enhanced, and the difference was statistically significant. The results of this paper suggested that the long-term 40 Hz-LFS effectively improved SWM function in rats, which may be attributed to its enhanced communication of different rhythmic oscillations in the relevant neural circuits. It is expected that the study in this paper will build a foundation for further research on the mechanism of 40 Hz-LFS to improve cognitive function and promote its clinical application in the future.
Humans ; Adult ; Rats ; Animals ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Rats, Wistar ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Hippocampus ; Prefrontal Cortex

Objective:To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) and its relationship with hyperuricemia(HUA) in perimenopausal women in Anning city, Yunnan province.Methods:This is a cross-sectional survey. In May 2021, a multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to collect demographics and clinical data [ethnicity, living community, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides(TG), serum uric acid, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), alanine transaminase(ALT), etc] in a total of 6 721 perimenopausal women aged 45-60 years.Results:A total of 6 721 perimenopausal women were included in this study. The prevalences of MS and HUA were 14.05%(95% CI 13.22%-14.88%) and 6.46%(95% CI 5.88%-7.07%), respectively. The average age, HDL-C, urea, direct bilirubin, and albumin levels in the perimenstrual HUA population were lower than those in the non-HUA population while the levels of TG, ALT, heart rate, body mass index(BMI), and creatinine were higher(all P<0.05). The prevalence of HUA in perimenopausal women with ethnic minorities and family history of chronic diseases was higher than that in Han nationality and without family history of chronic diseases. The prevalence of MS in perimenopausal women was increased with the increase of serum uric acid( Z=-15.313 8, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression model showed that HUA was positively correlated with MS( OR=1.526, 95% CI 1.192-1.954) after adjusting for covariates such as BMI and ethnicity, and the incidence of MS in perimenopausal women in HUA group was 1.526 folds higher than that in non-hyperuricemia group. Conclusion:HUA is highly positively correlated with MS in perimenopausal women. The management of uric acid level in perimenopausal women should be strengthened.

Objective:To analyze the application effect of health failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) model in patients with artificial airways in the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) by establishing a HFMEA project team, and to develop targeted improvement measures and processes.Methods:The patients undergoing cardiovascular surgeries and with established artificial airways in the Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University were recruited from October 2021 to March 2022. The enrolled patients were divided into the conventional management group and the HFMEA model management group according to random number table method. The conventional management group applied the conventional procedures for monitoring the air bag pressure. The HFMEA model management group used the HFMEA model to implement and improve the airbag pressure monitoring process. The efficacy of HFMEA was assessed by comparing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the pass rate of airbag pressure monitoring, the duration of endotracheal intubation and the length of CSICU stay between two groups. The practicability of HFMEA model was evaluated by analyzing the theoretical assessment scores and practical skill scores of nurses and their satisfaction scores with HFMEA.Results:Compared with the conventional management group, the patients in the HFMEA mode management group had a significantly higher rate of passing airbag pressure monitoring [94.99% (2 994/3 152) vs. 69.97% (1 626/2 324), P < 0.01], shorter duration of endotracheal intubation and length of CSICU stay [duration of endotracheal intubation (hours): 6 (7, 12) vs. 6 (8, 13), length of CSICU stay (hours): 40 (45, 65) vs. 41 (46, 85), both P < 0.05], but the incidences of VAP between the two groups were similar. The theoretical assessment scores and practical skill scores of nurses were significantly higher (theoretical assessment score: 44.47±2.72 vs. 37.59±6.56, practical skill score: 44.56±2.66 vs. 40.03±4.32, total score: 89.03±3.07 vs. 77.63±9.56, all P < 0.05) in the HFMEA mode management group. And the satisfaction scores with airbag pressure management were also significantly higher in the HFMEA mode management group (7.72±1.11 vs. 6.44±1.32, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The application of the HFMEA can improve the airbag pressure measures and standardize the monitoring procedures in patients with artificial airways, and reduce the risk of clinical nursing. It is safe and effective for patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in the CSICU.

Objective To systematically evaluate the risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy.Methods CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to October 2022 to collect case-control studies and cohort studies about risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy.Two researchers independently conducted literature screening,data extraction,and quality assessment.Rev Man 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results A total of 15 literatures were included,including 3960 patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy.Meta analysis results showed that age≥60 years,smoking history,drinking history,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,atelectasis,hypoproteinaemia,TNM staging of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,central lung cancer,small cell lung cancer,invasive operation,Karnofsky performance status score＜80 points before chemotherapy,combined chemotherapy drugs,duration of chemotherapeutic ?2 weeks,white blood cell count≤3.0×109/L after chemotherapy,albumin＜30g/L after chemotherapy,and hospital stay>20 days were risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy(P＜0.05).Conclusion There were many risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy.Prevention and control measures should be taken based on the related risk factors to reduce the incidence rate of pulmonary infection.

In recent years, exploring the physiological and pathological mechanisms of brain functional integration from the neural network level has become one of the focuses of neuroscience research. Due to the non-stationary and nonlinear characteristics of neural signals, its linear characteristics are not sufficient to fully explain the potential neurophysiological activity mechanism in the implementation of complex brain functions. In order to overcome the limitation that the linear algorithm cannot effectively analyze the nonlinear characteristics of signals, researchers proposed the transfer entropy (TE) algorithm. In recent years, with the introduction of the concept of brain functional network, TE has been continuously optimized as a powerful tool for nonlinear time series multivariate analysis. This paper first introduces the principle of TE algorithm and the research progress of related improved algorithms, discusses and compares their respective characteristics, and then summarizes the application of TE algorithm in the field of electrophysiological signal analysis. Finally, combined with the research progress in recent years, the existing problems of TE are discussed, and the future development direction is prospected.
Algorithms ; Brain/physiology* ; Entropy ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Nonlinear Dynamics