OBJECTIVTo investigate the potential value of urine hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA as a new noninvasive diagnostic indicator for HBV-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN).

METHODSA total of 152 patients including 66 with HBV-GN, 66 with non-HBV-GN, and 20 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) without renal disease were examined for serum and urine HBV DNA levels using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for 5 serum HBV markers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

RESULTSTwenty-two patients (33%) in the HBV-GN group, but none in the other two groups, were found positive for urine HBV DNA. In the diagnosis of HBV-GN, urine HBV DNA had a high specificity (0.98), a good positive predictive value (PPV, 0.96), and a modest negative predictive value (NPV, 0.60). Urine HBV DNA, alone or in combination with serum HBeAg, was superior in the diagnosis of HBV-GN to the combination of urine HBV DNA with serum HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen and the hepatitis B e antigen.

CONCLUSIONUrine HBV DNA may be one of the new noninvasive diagnostic criterion for HBV-GN.

Biomarkers ; blood ; urine ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; urine ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glomerulonephritis ; diagnosis ; virology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate RANK-RANKL expression in the kidneys of a rat model of puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy (PAN).

METHODSThirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into PAN model group and normal control group. PAN was induced by a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside. Serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein were measured on days 3, 7, and 14 after the injection, and renal pathologies were assessed with optical and immune transmission electron microscopy. The expression of RANK and RANKL in the kidneys was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.

RESULTSThe PAN model rats showed massive proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine on day 3, which peaked on day 7. RANK-RANKL protein and mRNA expressions in PAN model group was higher than those in the control group. In the PAN rats, RANK was expressed mainly on the top cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of renal podocytes with a significantly increased expression level compared with that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe PAN rat model shows aberrant RANK and RANKL expressions in the podocytes, indicating their contribution to podocyte injury in PAN.

Animals ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Podocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proteinuria ; pathology ; Puromycin Aminonucleoside ; adverse effects ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; metabolism

A high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric ( HPLC-MS/MS ) method was developed for the determination of seven perfluorinated alkyl acidin ( C4-C10 ) and perfluorooctane sulfonate in water. After the particulate was removed by leaching, surrogate standard was added, then the sample was loading to a pre-conditioned WAX cartridge for purification, and then the eluent was concentrated and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Due to the situation that the fluoride polymer was unavoidable to be used in the LC system, a delay column was employed and the perfluorooctanoic acid ( PFOA ) of interference was departed from the PFOA in sample. The method detection limit ( MDL) of PFOA was 0. 8 ng/L, and the lowest quantitative concentration (LQC) was 3. 2 ng/L. For other compounds, the MDL was ranged from 0. 2 to 1. 2 ng/L, and the LQC was 0. 8-4. 8 ng/L. This method also had good reproducibility, for six duplicated samples, the relative standard deviations ( RSD ) of all target compounds were less than 16%. And the recoveries of target compounds at six spiked matrix samples ranged from 87% to 129%, and the RSD were less than 15%. Because of the connection of delay column, the background was well controlled, and a relatively lower MDL were obtained.

BACKGROUND:Vocuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) is highly expressed in osteoclasts and especial y plays an important role in osteoclastic bone resorption. Tumor necrosis factor-αis a potent stimulator of bone resorption. However, the effect of tumor necrosis factor-αon expression and activity of V-ATPase is stil not clear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-αto promote osteoclastic bone resorption by observing expression and activity of V-ATPase.
METHODOsteoclasts cultured in vitro were intervened by different concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α(5, 10, 30μg/L) in order to observe the changes in expression and enzyme activity of V-ATPase and its effects on bone resorption of osteoclasts. Under an inverted microscope, we observed the formation of resorption lacunas, and bone resorption area was analyzed using Image J software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression and activity of V-ATPase increased significantly after 48 hours of tumor necrosis factor-αintervention and the increase of tumor necrosis factor-αconcentration might enhance this effect. In addition, osteoclastic bone resorption was promoted after intervention with tumor necrosis factor-α. The bone-resorbing capabilities of osteoclasts increased in paral el with the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α.The results suggested that tumor necrosis factor-α, as a significant inflammatory mediator involved in the pathological process of bone resorption, not only promotes formation of osteoclasts but also enhances bone-resorbing capabilities of osteoclasts by increasing V-ATPase expression and activity.

Objective To investigate RANK-RANKL expression in the kidneys of a rat model of puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy (PAN). Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into PAN model group and normal control group. PAN was induced by a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside. Serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein were measured on days 3, 7, and 14 after the injection, and renal pathologies were assessed with optical and immune transmission electron microscopy. The expression of RANK and RANKL in the kidneys was examined using reverse transcription-ploymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Results The PAN model rats showed massive proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine on day 3, which peaked on day 7. RANK-RANKL protein and mRNA expressions in PAN model group was higher than those in the control group. In the PAN rats, RANK was expressed mainly on the top cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of renal podocytes with a significantly increased expression level compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The PAN rat model shows aberrant RANK and RANKL expressions in the podocytes, indicating their contribution to podocyte injury in PAN.

Objective To investigate RANK-RANKL expression in the kidneys of a rat model of puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy (PAN). Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into PAN model group and normal control group. PAN was induced by a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside. Serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein were measured on days 3, 7, and 14 after the injection, and renal pathologies were assessed with optical and immune transmission electron microscopy. The expression of RANK and RANKL in the kidneys was examined using reverse transcription-ploymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Results The PAN model rats showed massive proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine on day 3, which peaked on day 7. RANK-RANKL protein and mRNA expressions in PAN model group was higher than those in the control group. In the PAN rats, RANK was expressed mainly on the top cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of renal podocytes with a significantly increased expression level compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The PAN rat model shows aberrant RANK and RANKL expressions in the podocytes, indicating their contribution to podocyte injury in PAN.

Objective To investigate the potential value of urine hepatitis Bvirus (HBV) DNA as a new noninvasive diagnostic indicator for HBV-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN). Methods A total of 152 patients including 66 with HBV-GN, 66 with non-HBV-GN, and 20 with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) without renal disease were examined for serum and urine HBV DNA levels using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for 5 serum HBV markers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Twenty-two patients (33%) in the HBV-GN group, but none in the other two groups, were found positive for urine HBV DNA. In the diagnosis of HBV-GN, urine HBV DNA had a high specificity (0.98), a good positive predictive value (PPV, 0.96), and a modest negative predictive value (NPV, 0.60). Urine HBV DNA, alone or in combination with serum HBeAg, was superior in the diagnosis of HBV-GN to the combination of urine HBV DNA with serum HBV DNA, hepatitis Bsurface antigen and the hepatitis Be antigen. Conclusion Urine HBV DNA may be one of the new noninvasive diagnostic criterion for HBV-GN.

Objective To investigate the potential value of urine hepatitis Bvirus (HBV) DNA as a new noninvasive diagnostic indicator for HBV-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN). Methods A total of 152 patients including 66 with HBV-GN, 66 with non-HBV-GN, and 20 with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) without renal disease were examined for serum and urine HBV DNA levels using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for 5 serum HBV markers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Twenty-two patients (33%) in the HBV-GN group, but none in the other two groups, were found positive for urine HBV DNA. In the diagnosis of HBV-GN, urine HBV DNA had a high specificity (0.98), a good positive predictive value (PPV, 0.96), and a modest negative predictive value (NPV, 0.60). Urine HBV DNA, alone or in combination with serum HBeAg, was superior in the diagnosis of HBV-GN to the combination of urine HBV DNA with serum HBV DNA, hepatitis Bsurface antigen and the hepatitis Be antigen. Conclusion Urine HBV DNA may be one of the new noninvasive diagnostic criterion for HBV-GN.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of 11R-VIVIT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in podocytes.

METHODSA LPS-induced proteinuria mouse model and in vitro cultured podocytes treated with LPS were both divided into control group, LPS group and LPS+11 R-VIVIT group. The mRNA and protein expressions of uPAR in mouse kidney tissues and the podocytes were measured by real-time qPCR, laser scanning confocal microscopy and Western blotting.

RESULTSCompared with LPS group, LPS+11 R-VIVIT group showed a significantly lowered urine albumin/creatinine ratio (P<0.001) and markedly reduced mRNA and protein expressions of uPAR (PuPAR mRNA<0.001; PuPAR=0.001).

CONCLUSION11R-VIVIT can ameliorate proteinuria probably by decreasing the expression of uPAR in podocytes.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oligopeptides ; pharmacology ; Podocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proteinuria ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the clinical features of renal involvement associated with Behcet's disease (BD) through 1 case and to make a review of the literature in order to early diagnose and cure in time,thus decrease misdiagnosis and mistreatment.Methods This is a retrospective study.The case was diagnosed with BD and the renal damage was confirmed by renal biopsy.The clinical features and histology features were analyzed.Results The presentation of renal disease was edema,proteinuria and microscopic hematuria.The clinical spectrum of renal BD showed a wide variation.Amyloidosis (AA type),GN (nephritis),and microscopic vascular disease were the main causes of renal BD.Patients with vascular involvement had a high risk of amyloidosis and amyloidosis was the most common cause of renal failure in BD.Conclusion Kidney is one of the organs that can alter the prognosis of the BD,so the screening for renal damage must be done for each patient with this disease.Routine urine analysis and measurement of serum creatinine level are needed for early diagnosis of renal BD.Immunosuppressive drugs can be useful in selected cases.