Objective: To assess the quality of syphilis case reporting from hospitals in Hunan Province .Methods The syphilis cases reported by 126 middle second-class and above hospitals in the year 2010 and 2017 were retrieved from unified infectious case reporting network and compared with original reporting cards,medical records and laboratory testing records according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Syphilis （WS 273-2018）and the Guidelines for the Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were evaluated between different reporting years,types of hospitals,levels of hospitals and departments . Methods: The syphilis cases reported by 126 middle second-class and above hospitals in the year 2010 and 2017 were retrieved from unified infectious case reporting network and compared with original reporting cards,medical records and laboratory testing records according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Syphilis （WS 273-2018）and the Guidelines for the Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were evaluated between different reporting years,types of hospitals,levels of hospitals and departments . Results: There were 8 947 syphilis cases reported in 2010 and 13 552 syphilis cases reported in 2017. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were 98.81% and 98.66% in 2017,which were higher than 36.39% and 36.10% in 2010 （P<0.01）. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis in the provincial,municipal and county-level hospitals in 2017 were 99.07%,99.20% and 98.17%;the accuracy of syphilis classification were 98.91%,99.03% and 97.99%;the accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were significantly different in different levels of hospitals（P<0.01）. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis in the general hospitals,traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and maternal & child health hospitals in 2017 were 99.25%,96.92% and 97.57%;the accuracy of syphilis classification were 99.13%,96.72% and 97.30%;the accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were significantly different in different types of hospitals（P<0.01）. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis in the department of dermatology and non- dermatology in 2017 were 99.13% and 98.74%;the accuracy of syphilis classification were 99.02% and 98.58%;the accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were not significantly different in different departments（P>0.05） . Conclusion The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification have been improved in 2017,which varies in different levels and types of hospitals.

Objective To observe the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection on choroidal neovascularization in brown Norway rats. Methods Thirty-six healthy brown Norway rats were divided randomly into control group (n=18) and experimental group (n=18), while one eye was chosen randomly as experimental eye. The choroidal neovascularization model was establishied, while 8μl triamcin-olone acetonide was injected in vitreous body immediately after photocoagulation in the experimental group, and the same volume isotonic balanced salt solution was injected in the control group. The eyes of six rats were enucleated for histological slices in the second, forth, and sixth week, respectively. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B was detected with immunohistochemical method, and the max area of choroidal neovascularization was also measured. Results The area of choroidal neovascularization was smaller, and the expression of nucle-ar factor-kappa B was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (t>7.450, P<0.001). Conclusion Triamcinolone acetonide could effectively inhibit the development of choroidal neovascularization, and decrease the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B in brown Norway rats.

Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) has various kinds of types and important biological function.The important role of ECM during choroidal neovascularization (CNV) arouse attention.Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is one of ECMs, involves in the formation of blood vessels, but the relationship between CNV and ICAM-1 is still unknown.Objective This study was to observe the dynamic expression of ICAM-1 in krypton laser-induced CNV and explore the effect of ICAM-1 on CNV.Methods Forty-eight healthy male clean BN rats were randomly divided into post-photocoagulation 1-week group,2-week group,3-week group,4-week group, 5-week group, 6-week group, 7-week group and 8-week group.Laser-induced CNV models were monocularly established and the fellow eyes served as the normal controls.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was carried out to quantitate the leakage degree (absorbency).The eyeballs were enucleated on various time points,and CNV areas were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining;immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assay were employed, respectively, for the detection of relative expression levels of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA (absorbency).The use and care of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Committee.Results After laser photocoagulation,the retinal inner and outer nuclear layers were ruptured and invaginated.Disruption of Bruch membrane and macrophages migrating to the photocoagulation zone were seen under the optical microscope.The proliferation of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells was exhibited.ICAM-1 protein was mainly expressed in vascular endothelial cells,retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and macrophages,and ICAM-1 mRNA was mainly expressed in the outer nuclear layer.Statistically significant differences were found in the fluorescence leakage degree, the relative expression levels of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA as well as CNV areas among the groups (F=178.839, 739.077,2 463.508,194.434, all at P＜0.05).The gradually enlarged CNV area, increased fluorescence leakage, up-regulation of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expressions were matched with the extension of time after photocoagulation and peaked in the post-photocoagulation 8-week group.Conclusions The expressions of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA up-regulate upon the increase of CNV area and fluorescein leakage, suggesting that ICAM-1 might play an important role in CNV development.

Background Hypoxia can increase the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF A) by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and initiate choroidal neovascularization (CNV) consequently.Two VEGF-A isoforms,the angiogenic VEGF-A family (VEGFxxx) and the anti-angiogenic VEGF-A family (VEGFxxxb),are found and formed by alternative splicing.However,the expressing changes and its effect in human RPE cells under the normoxia and hypoxia are unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the expression of VEGFxxx b in human RPE cells under hypoxia.Methods ARPE-19,a human RPE cell line,were cultured.CoCl2 150 μmol/L was added into the medium to mimic the hypoxia environment for 0 hour (normoxia group),3,12 and 24 hours to induce the hypoxia cells.The cells or suspension was harvested at various time points.The expressions of VEGFxxx mRNA and VEGFxxxb mRNA in the cells were detected,and the expressions of the total VEGF-A protein and VEGFxxxb protein in the cells were assayed by Western blot.ELISA was used to determine the contents of total VEGF-A and VEGFxxxb proteins in suspension.Results VEGFxxx mRNA and VEGFxxxb mRNA were expressed in the ARPE-19 cells in both normoxia and hypoxia,and multiple VEGFxxx mRNA isoforms appeared,including VEGF121 mRNA,VEGF165 mRNA and extremely faint VEGF189 mRNA,but only VEGF165b band was seen in VEGFxxxb mRNA.With the prolong of hypoxia culture,the expression of VEGFxxx mRNA showed gradual increase,while VEGFxxx b mRNA appeared gradual decrease.Western blot exhibited that VEGFxxxb was expressed in the cells cultured by normoxia and hypoxia with the strongest expression in VEGF165b.The VEGFxxxb content in suspension of medium was (166.82± 2.55) pg/ml under the normoxia environment and (125.35 ±2.10) pg/ml in 24 hours under the hypoxia,and the total VEGF-A protein elevated from (294.27 ± 11.97) pg/ml under the normoxia environment to (582.26 ± 12.98) pg/ml in 24 hours under the hypoxia.In addition,the proportion of VEGFxxxb to total VEGF-A in the cells lowed from (56.71 ± 1.02) ％ under the normoxia environment to (21.53 ±0.08) ％ in 24 hours under the hypoxia.Conclusions VEGFxxxb isoforms are expressed in both normoxia and hypoxia ARPE-19 cells.VEGFxxxb isoform is a predominant isoform in normoxia ARPE-19 cells.In hypoxia ARPE-19 cells,however,the expression of VEGF A is significantly stronger than that of VEGFxxxb.

ObjectiveTo explore the morphological features of macular subretina choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in high myopia with optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods16 CNV cases (17 eyes) were examined with OCT, and compared with results of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).ResultsCNV appeared in space under sensory retinal anterior to the retinal pigment epithelium in 12 of 17 eyes. In 5 eyes, CNV appeared as a highly reflective fusiform or irregular mass at the level of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris. 9 of 17 eyes were associated with serous neurosensory retinal detachment, 11 eyes with hemorrhagic pigment epithelium detachment (PED) and 14 eyes with edema and thickening of sensory retina. 12 eyes regressed and its morphological features changed after photo dynamical therapy (PDT).ConclusionOCT can be used to confirm the morphological features, location and size of submacular CNV. CNV appears as a highly or moderately reflective round mass which protrudes from the retinal pigment epithelium in most cases. The morphology and the size of this mass may change after treatment and during follow-up.

Objective To compare the characteristics between indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fundus fluorescence angiography ( FFA ) in patients with age-related macular degeneration ( ARMD ). Methods Twenty-five cases ( 35 eyes ) were diagnosed as exudative ARMD by ocular examination. Their age ranged from 60 to 81 years. The visual acuities were 1.0 at FC/30 cm before eye. We analyzed and compared the characteristics of FFA and ICGA in these patients. Results 5 eyes ( 14.3% ) with classic choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) were found by FFA examination. 15 eyes ( 42.9% ) with classic CNV were found by ICGA examination. Of 20 eyes with occult CNV considered by FFA, 7 eyes had classic CNV by ICGA. Of 3 eyes considered as serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment ( PED ) without classic CNV by FFA, 1 eye had serous PED with classic CNV and 2 eyes had classic CNV by ICGA.1 eye was diagnosed as serous PED with CNV by FFA, and as occult CNV by ICGA. Conclusions ICGA raise detectability and accuracy of CNV in ARMD compared with FFA. It is contributive to early treatment in ARMD.

Objective To evaluate short term effects of a single photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment with visudyne (CIBA Vision Corp.) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age ralated macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Thirty cases (35 eyes) diagnosed as AMD patients with classic CNV were treated with PDT. The data of visual acuity testing, fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optic coherence tomography (OCT) were used to evaluate the effects of a single treatment of PDT before and 1 week, 1 ,3 month after treatment. Results The visual acuity of 34 eyes were stable or improved in 3 months follow up;and the visual acuity of 1 eye was decreased. Decrease or dispearance of fluorescein leakage from CNV was noted in 19 eyes. No serious complication occurred. Conclusion Single treatment of PDT for CNV in AMD can achieve short term decrease or cessation of fluorescein leakage from CNV without loss of visual acuity.

Objective To investigate the effect of methylprednisolone on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in M?ller cells of rats' retinae injured by laser. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and inflicted with laser photocoagulation.The rats in treatment group were given methylprednisolone by intraperitoneal injection with a dose of 30 mg/kg for 3 days.At the 3rd,7th,14th,and 28th day after photocoagulation respectively, the eyes were enucleated,fixed and cut into sections.Immunohistochemical examination was used to detect the expression of PCNA and GFAP. Results After photocoagulation the M?ller cells expressed PCNA both in the treatment and control group,and the expression of PCNA decreased sharply after 3 days. The expression of PCNA in treatment group was less than that in control group. After photocoagulation the M?ller cells also expressed GFAP and the expression of GFAP lasted for at least 28 days ,and the expression of GFAP expression in the treatment group was less than that in the control group. Conclusion Methylprednisolone can reduce the expression of GFAP and PCNA in M?ller cells of rats' retinae injured by laser.

Purpose. This paper studies the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels in aqueous humor after traumatic cataract extraction and posterior chamber (PC) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in rabbits,and discusses the effect of TNF on postoperative anterior ocular inflammation.Methods. Twenty-seven pigmented rabbits were divided into three groups: for the first group, the IOL were placed in the capsular bag after traumatic cataract extraction; for the second, the Extracapsular cataract extraction without IOL implantation; and for the third, the control group without surgical intervention. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day postoperatively, aqueous humor samples were obtained. A modified double antibodies indirect sandwich ELISA was used to detected for the presence of TNF. The data were studied by means of analysis of variance in SAS software.Result. The TNF level was increased in aqueous humor and reached its maximum on the 1st postoperative days after traumatic cataract extraction and PC IOLs implantation, and the TNF levels are significantly higher (P＜0.05) on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day postoperatively in traumatic cataract extraction and PC IOL implanted group than that in the non-surgical-intervention group and extracapsular cataract extraction group.Conclusions. The increase of TNF levels had a close relationship with presence of the IOL itself which induces the secretion of TNF. This suggested that TNF as the principal mediators of immunological and inflammatory responses, so that may play critical role in anterior ocular inflammative response after traumatic cataract extraction and IOL implantation.

The level of cataract basic research in China still exist significant difference compared with some developed countries. It mainly demonstrates on lacking of creativity in selecting research subjects, low-level reproducibility in research contents, and confusion or misunderstanding of basic concepts, etc. We should have a clear idea to this and enhance our research level in the future.