BACKGROUND:Carnosic acid,a bioactive compound found in rosemary,has been shown to reduce inflammation and reactive oxygen species(ROS).However,its mechanism of action in osteoclast differentiation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of carnosic acid on osteoclast activation,ROS production,and mitochondrial function. METHODS:Primary bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice were extracted and cultured in vitro.Different concentrations of carnosic acid(0,10,15,20,25 and 30 μmol/L)were tested for their effects on bone marrow-derived macrophage proliferation and toxicity using the cell counting kit-8 cell viability assay to determine a safe concentration.Bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured in graded concentrations and induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand for osteoclast differentiation for 5-7 days.The effects of carnosic acid on osteoclast differentiation and function were then observed through tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining,F-actin staining,H2DCFDA probe and mitochondrial ROS,and Mito-Tracker fluorescence detection.Western blot and RT-PCR assays were subsequently conducted to examine the effects of carnosic acid on the upstream and downstream proteins of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced MAPK signaling pathway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and F-actin staining showed that carnosic acid dose-dependently inhibited in vitro osteoclast differentiation and actin ring formation in the cell cytoskeleton,with the highest inhibitory effect observed in the high concentration group(30 μmol/L).Carnosic acid exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect during the early stages(days 1-3)of osteoclast differentiation compared to other intervention periods.Fluorescence imaging using the H2DCFDA probe,mitochondrial ROS,and Mito-Tracker demonstrated that carnosic acid inhibited cellular and mitochondrial ROS production while reducing mitochondrial membrane potential,thereby influencing mitochondrial function.The results of western blot and RT-PCR revealed that carnosic acid could suppress the expression of NFATc1,CTSK,MMP9,and C-fos proteins associated with osteoclast differentiation,and downregulate the expression of NFATc1,Atp6vod2,ACP5,CTSK,and C-fos genes related to osteoclast differentiation.Furthermore,carnosic acid enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzyme proteins and reduced the generation of ROS during the process of osteoclast differentiation.Overall,carnosic acid exerts its inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting the phosphorylation modification of the P38/ERK/JNK protein and activating the MAPK signaling pathway in bone marrow-derived macrophages.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of lung transplantation for lung chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods Clinical data of 12 patients undergoing lung transplantation for lung cGVHD were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative clinical manifestations and involved organs of patients were analyzed. The lung function before and after lung transplantation was compared, and the survival of patients after lung transplantation was analyzed. Results Eleven patients underwent HSCT due to primary hematological malignancies, including 9 cases of leukemia, 1 case of myelodysplastic syndrome, 1 case of lymphoma. And 1 case underwent HSCT for systemic lupus erythematosus. Among 12 cGVHD patients, skin involvement was found in 8 cases, oral cavity involvement in 5 cases, gastrointestinal tract involvement in 4 cases and liver involvement in 3 cases. All 12 patients developed severe respiratory failure caused by cGVHD before lung transplantation, including 9 cases of typeⅡ respiratory failure and 3 cases of type Ⅰ respiratory failure. Two patients underwent right lung transplantation, 2 cases of left lung transplantation and 8 cases of bilateral lung transplantation. The interval from HSCT to lung transplantation was 75 (19-187) months. Upon the date of submission, postoperative follow-up time was 18 (7-74) months. Ten patients survived, 1 died from severe hepatitis at postoperative 22 months, and 1 died from gastrointestinal bleeding at postoperative 6 months. No recurrence of primary diseases was reported in surviving patients. Conclusions Lung transplantation is an efficacious treatment for lung cGVHD after HSCT, which may prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life of the recipients.

Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment of thyroid carcinoma in children. Method The clinical data of 19 children under 14 years old with thyroid carcinoma diagnosed and treated from January 2003 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 19 cases (12 males and 7 females), there were 18 cases of papillocarcinoma and one case pf follicular carcinoma. Unilateral lobectomy plus isthmectomy was performed in 6 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 4 cases and total thyroidectomy in 9 cases. Unilateral cervical lymph node dissection was performed in 5 cases and bilateral in 11 cases. After the operation, multiple lesions were confirmed by pathology in 9 cases, thyroid capsular invasion in 14 cases, lymphatic metastasis in 15 cases and distant metastasis in 5 cases. All the patients were treated with TSH, and 10 cases were treated with 131I after operation. The median follow-up time was 63 months. There was no death in all cases, while local residual tumor recurrence was found in 2 cases and cervical lymph node metastasis in 2 cases and distant metastasis in one case. Conclusion Thyroid carcinoma in children is mostly well-differentiated, so the overall prognosis is better. However, children who have extracapsular invasion, multiple lesions in bilateral thyroid, cervical lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis are at high risks and should be treated with comprehensive therapy that includes total thyroidectomy.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the determination of valsartan concentration in human plasma and urine. METHODS:Plasma sample were acidified and extracted with diethyl ether for analysis,and urine sample was diluted directly for analysis. The samples were all determined by LC-MS/MS,and the separation was performed on a Aglient ZORBAX SB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid (gradient elution) at flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. Ion transition was determined ESI ion source under multiple ion reaction monitoring with quantitative pair m/z 436.4→253.2 and qualitative ion pair m/z 436.4→291.3 for valsartan,and quantitative pair m/z 423.4→207.1 and m/z 423.4→180.2 for internal standard losartan. RE-SULTS:The linear range of valsartan were 4-5 000 ng/ml in plasma and 20-50 000 ng/ml in urine;the limit of quantification were 4 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml;plasma extraction recovery of valsartan were 61.21%-70.30%. The variation coefficient of internal standard normalized matrix effect were 3.20% and 11.21%. The within-day and between-day RSDs were no more than 8.34%. CONCLU-SIONS:The method is proved to be rapid and sensitive,and suitable for the determination of valsartan in human plasma and urine and pharmacokinetics study.

Objective To explore the effects of the diet safety instructions and interventions on aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients with dysphagia. Methods The multidisciplinary team was established involved clinical physicians, dietitians, therapists and nurses. The study investigated 40 elderly long-stay patients with dysphagia who were capable of oral feeding were selected according with the inclusive criteria. After the swallowing assessment and diet safety instructions, the participants were divided into intervention group (n=20) and control group (n=20) under the principle of voluntariness and matching selection. The patients of intervention groups were supplied with all mushy diet; the patients of control group had semi-solid, thick liquid, partial mushy diet, etc. depended on participants′ swallowing situations and tastes. Both groups of patients were oral feeding on their own or with help. The incidence of bucking, food refusal and feeding time per meal were investigated during the three months, and the aspiration pneumonia incidence of two groups were retrospectively analyzed three months before interventions. Results In the intervention group, the incidence of bucking (109), food refusal (22) and feeding time per meal [(18. 64 ± 5. 05) min] were lower than those in the control group [bucking (272);food refusal (135); feeding time per meal (25. 78 ± 8. 37) min] (χ2 =7. 369, 4. 433;t= -4. 363;P<0. 05). After three months′interventions, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in both groups was decreased that the intervention group was 13 ∶ 4 and the control group was 11 ∶ 7 (χ2 =20. 742,13. 809;P<0. 05). The control group had two cases with bucking aspiration and one cases with multiple organ failure and death after nasal feeding; the intervention group had no dropout. Conclusions A close cooperation of multi-discipline team can significantly improve the detection rate and feeding safety management of elderly patients with dysphagia. The diet intervention and safety eating management can reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and promote the patients′quality of life.

Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetics of cephapirin sodium in healthy volunteers.Methods Twelve healthy volunteers were enrolled and ad ministered with single doses of 0.5,1.0,4.0 g or multiple doses of 1.0 g cephapirin sodium injection by intravenous drip infusion.The concentrations of cephapirin in human plasma and urine were determined by HPLC-MS/MS.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with WinNonLin 6.3 software. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of cephapirin after single dose of 0.5,1.0,4. 0 g and 1.0 g multiple dose cephapirin sodium injection were as follows:Cmaxwere (34.86 ±6.93),(74.77 ±24.23),(319.0 ±44.5),(89.26 ±28.04)μg/mL,AUC0-twere (12.86 ±3.46),(28.31 ±7.46),(163.21 ±34.57),(27.30 ±7.22)μg/(mL·h),t1/2were (0.55 ±0.21),(0.72 ±0.22),(0.71 ±0.27), (0.72 ±0.25),accumulative urine excretion rate of 8 h(1 g)was (44.9 ±12.66)%.Conclusion The process of cephapirin in the dosage range of 0.5 ~4.0 g show linear dynamic feature.There is no accumulation after multiple dosing.Cephapirin sodium was much eli minated from urine in parent drug.

Objective To explore the application effect of warning mark according to bladder pressuregrade in patients with abdominal closed injury nursing .Methods Through random number table method, sixtytwopatients with abdominal closed injury were divided into experimental group (n =32) and control group (n =30).The control group received conventional nursing measures , while patients in the experimental group weregiven nursing intervention as different warning mark according to bladder pressure .The operation rate,complication rate, mortality, days in ICU and the scores of nursing quality check were compared .Results Theoperation rate was 78.1% in the experimental group, which was higher than 53.3% in the control group with asignificant difference (χ2 =4.249,P <0.05).The complication rate was 9.4% in the experimental group,which was lower than 30.0% in the control group with a significant difference (χ2 =4.220,P <0.05).Themotility was 6.3% in the experimental group, which was lower than 16.7% in the control group with nosignificant difference (χ2 =1.677,P >0.05).The days in ICU were (13.25 ±2.806)d in the experimentalgroup, which was shorter than (15.60 ±5.600) d in the control group with a significant difference (t =-2.068, P <0.05).And the score of nursing quality check was (95.84 ±2.665)in the experimental group,which was than that in the control group (90.67 ±3.273) with a significant difference (t =6.849,P <0.05). Conclusions Warning mark according to bladder pressure grade in patients with abdominal closed injury candiscover disease change timely, determine operation time accurately, decrease complication rate and mortality,and improve monitoring abilities effectively.

Objective To observe the influence ofgypenosides on hydrogen sulfide in liver tissue and plasma of rat with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods 58 SPF male SD rats,with body mass 220～250 g,were randomly divided into a blank control group (group N,n=7),and a NAFLD and T2DM model group (Group M,n=51).Group N was fed with ordinary diet in the first four weeks,group M was fed with diets of high fat and sugar,injected with 40 mg/kg STZ overnight,and the same diets for the next four weeks.The rat model with T2DM and NAFLD was build.NAFLD and T2DM model group were divided into three groups:a high dose GPS group (JH,n=9) injected with 1 g/kg · d-1 GPS,a low dose GPS group (JL,n=9) injected with 0.5 g/kg · d-1 GPS,and a model group (M,n=9) injected with the same volume of water,and high fat diet at the same time.The treatment period was six weeks,and the experiment period was fourteen weeks.TG,TC,BS,and H2S in the plasma of rat were tested,and H2S in the liver tissue of the rat was tested.Results ①The changes of H2S in plasma:group JH [(4.30±0.43) μmol/L] and JL [(3.83 ±0.47) μmol/L] was lower than group M [(2.67 ± 0.41) μmol/L],there was a significant difference.②The changes of H2S in the liver tissue:group JH [(333.52±37.94) pmol/min/mg/protein] and JL [(275.81 ±36.07)pmol/min/mg/protein] was lower than group M [(237.8± 33.05) pmol/min/mg/protein],there was a significant difference.③BS levels:group JH(10.86±3.46)mmol/L,group JL (14.78±3.39)mmol/L,group M(18.84±4.24) mmol/L,group JH and JL was lower than group M,there was a significant difference (P＜0.01).④The plasma TG level:group N (0.96±0.09) mmol/L,group JH (2.82± 0.66) mmol/L,group JL (1.83± 0.56) mmol/L,group M (3.97 ± 0.64) mmol/L.group JH and JL was lower than group M,there was a significant difference (P＜0.01).Conclusion Gypenoside can reduce the blood sugar,triglycerides,and total cholesterol in rat with with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcohol fatty liver disease.H2S concentrations in plasma and liver tissue of the rats with T2DM and NAFLD were increased by GPS,showing dose dependence.Gypenosides can also improve metabolism of blood glucose and lipid in rats with T2DM and NAFLD.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the cause and the methods of reoperation for recurrent thyroid carcinoma. METHOD: The clinicopathologic data of 87 cases were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis on recurrent thyroid carcinoma were confirmed after reoperative pathology. RESULT: Forty-three cases (49.4%) were confirmed as residual carcinoma by pathology. Among 87 cases, 65 cases (74.7%) had lymph node metastasis in group VI and 42 cases (48.3%) had lateral neck lymph nodes metastasis, 3 cases were in the presence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury temporarily, 1 case was in the presence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury permanently, 5 cases were convulsed by hypocalcemia. CONCLUSION The nonstandard surgical procedure in the first operation is the main cause for the reoperation of thyroid carcinoma. Increased cognitive level of thyroid carcinoma and appropriate surgical technique may be the important keys to avoid reoperating. It is necessary to protect the parathyroid and recurrent laryngeal nerve in reoperation.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the incidence and factors of paranasal sinusitis among nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after radiotherapy. Methods Retrospectively evaluated the clinical data of 144 NPC patients without paranasal sinusitis before radiotherapy, including 82 cases in T1/T2 stage and 62 cases in T3/T4 stage treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from 2000 to 2005. MRI images before and after radiotherapy were compared. The incidence and factors of paranasal sinusitis were analyzed. There were 58 cases of nasal invasion. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was given at face-neck joint portal with 6 MV X-ray fractionated irradiation 68-78 Gy during 6-8 weeks. The number of patients who received radiotherapy with less than or equal to 70 Gy, more than 70 Gy radiation doses were 89 and 55, respectively. Cervical part were treated with high-energy electron beam, patients with positive neck lymph nodes and with negative neck lymph nodes received 64-74 Gy doses during 6-8 weeks and 50-54 Gy during 4-5 weeks, respectively. Results Among the 144 NPC patients 86.8%(125/144) developed paranasal sinusitis after radiotherapy, the incidence rates of paranasal sinusitis (IRPS) was higher among stage T3 + T4 patients than that among stage T1 + T2 patients (94% vs 82% ,x2=4.32, P ＜0.05). Among patients who were given radiotherapy with more than 70 Gy,less than or equal to 70 Gy radiation doses on the nasopharynx, the IRPS were 95% and 82.0% (x2 = 4.65, P ＜ 0.05 ). The IRPS in patients with nasal cavity infringement was higher than that in others (95% vs. 81% , x2 = 5.46,P ＜0.05). The IRPS at 3, 6, 12 months, and more than 1 year after radiotherapy were 13.6% ,31.2% ,48.8% and 6.4%, respectively (x2 = 70.48, P ＜ 0.001 ). Conclusions The incidence of paranasal sinusitis in NPC patients after radiotherapy was very high, and reached a peak in one year. It was influeneed by invasion of nasal cavity or not, the dose of radiotherapy and T stage.