Astrocytes are heavily activated in Alzheimer's disease,engulfing damaged synapses,Aβ proteins,Tau proteins,apoptotic cells and other substrates.However,these substrates are difficult to degrade,accumulate as the disease progresses,and impair the phagocytosis of astrocytes.During phagocytosis,astrocytes recognize different substrates through a variety of phagocytosis receptors and partially degrade the substrates through degrad-ing enzymes and lysosomal pathways.The accumulation of Aβ and Tau proteins in astrocytes caused astrocyte im-mune and metabolic disorders,and Aβ toxicity changed after phagocytosis.In addition,astrocytes and microglia form a complementary pattern and cooperate to complete phagocytosis through interaction.Regulating the pathway of astrocyte phagocytosis and degradation is believed to be a potential novo therapeutic for clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To evaluate the toxicological safety of a compound Chinese medicine preparation of gardenia. Methods: Eighty healthy SD rats with half males and half females were randomly divided into four groups. The low-,moderate- and high-dose group were given 1.00 g/kgbw,2.00 g/kgbw and 4.00 g/kgbw of the preparation,while the control group was given distilled water,by gavage for 30 days. The changes of diet,weight,hematological parameters and major organs of rats were observed,and the histopathological examination of the main organs was performed. Results: The rats in the high-dose group reduced activities and their urine turned dark yellow or green,while the other rats showed no abnormality. No rats died during the experimental period. Compared with the control group,the weight,the total weight gain,the food utilization rate,the fasted weight of the rats in the high-dose group and the hemoglobin content of the female rats in the high-dose group were significantly decreased（P<0.05）;the ratio of liver to body weight,the ratio of kidney to body weight,the serum creatinine levels of the rats in the high-dose group and the serum urea nitrogen levels of the male rats in the high-dose group were significantly higher（P<0.05）. The livers and kidneys of the rats in high-dose group turned different degrees of dark green;the hepatic pigmentation,hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration,bile duct hyperplasia accompanied with inflammatory cell infiltration,renal pigmentation,renal tubular epithelial cellular swelling,and renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration were observed. Conclusion This preparation at a dose of 4.0 g/kgbw has hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity to rats. A dose of 2.0 g/kgbw has no harmful effect but less than 100 times of the possible human intake,the safety is not guaranteed.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of a herbal pilatory for external use. Methods : An acute eye irritation test were employed to detect the eye irritation of the herbal pilatory;a skin irritation test,a skin sensitization test and a skin phototoxicity test were employed to detect the dermal toxicity;Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay（Ames test）and chromosome aberration test in CHL cells were employed to detect the effects of the pilatory on gene mutation and chromosome aberration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Results: When the eyes of rabbits exposed to the pilatory without rinse during the first 24 hours,the conjunctiva showed congestion and edema with the highest score of 2,corneal opacity was observed with the highest score of 1;however,these symptoms returned to normal within 72 hours,with the score reduced to 0. No irritation to the skin of rabits was found after exposed to the pilatory for fourteen days,no skin sensitization was introduced by Buehler test and no skin phototoxicity on guinea pigs was detected. There was no abnormal growth of reverse mutation colonies induced by the pilatory under S9 acitivation or not. There was no statistically significant rise of chromosome aberration rate in the exposed CHL cells compared to the control groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion Under the condition,the herbal pilatory showed mild and reversible irritation to eyes,while no dermal toxicity and genetic toxicity were observed. The safety of the herbal pilatory for external use is acceptable.

Objective To investigate the short-term clinical effect of CT guided 125Ⅰ radioactive particle therapy in superficial malignant tumor. Methods The clinic data of 28 patients with metastatic superficial malignant tumor in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were treated with CT guided 125Ⅰ radioactive particle therapy.The short-term effects,1 year survival rate and 1 year progression free survival rate of the patients were compared.Results Objective remission rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)after 6 months were 92.86% and 100.00%.1 year overall survival and 1 year progression free survival were 96.43%(27/28)and 82.14%(23/28), respectively.The median overall survival and median progression free survival were 26.978 months (95%CI:22.558-31.399)and 16.932 months (95 % CI:14 .471-19.393).There were 27 cases of 0-Ⅱ degree adverse reactions,1 case of grade Ⅲ adverse reactions and no grade Ⅳ adverse reactions.No signs of 125Ⅰ radioactive particle translocation,vascular embolism and vascular rupture were found. Conclusion 125Ⅰ radioactive particle treatment of superficial malignant tumor has a definite short-term curative effect,with overall survival and progression free survival longer and higher safety,which can be considered in clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the influencing factors on image quality and the value of clinical application of coronary artery angiography with 16-slice spiral CT.Methods 16-slice spiral CT angiography was performed in 31 suspected coronary heart disease(CHD).All patients were examined in ordinary scanning (slice 3 mm) and coronary artery scanning (slice 1 mm)with the technique of retrospective electrocardiography gating,and multiplanar reconstruction(MPR),maximum intensity projection(MIP) and volume reconstruction technology(VRT) were done.The showing rate of coronary arteriae,the detecting rate of CHD and the influencing factors on image quality were evaluated by CT.Results 16-slice spiral CT could clearly show RCA1,RCA2,LAD1,LAD2,,LCX1.The image quality was affected by heart rate,breath movement and much calcification in artery,etc.Conclusion 16-slice spiral CT is of significant value in screening and diagnosing coronary artery disease.

This paper reports a study of three components of stature for a sample of 605 healthy children aged 8-15. Suprapelvic height, pelvic height, and subischeal height are obtained by calculation on the basis of standing height, sitting height, total lower limb length, ankle height and bi-iliac width. By statistical analysis, sexual dimorphism is revealed in both suprapelvic height and pelvic height. The increase in pelvic height is greater in girls than boys, and occurs before the appearance of secondary sexual charateristics. The relationships between suprapelvic height and idiopathic scoliosis, and between pelvic height and low back pain are discussed.