Neutrophils as the first immune responders to infection can quickly identify and eliminate pathogens. The mainly rely on glycolysis to exert their killing functions. Although researches on the metabolic shifs that affect neutrophil functions began early, little is known about how neutrophils undergo metabolic transformation during the anti-infection process. It has been proven that glycogen metabolism plays an important role in regulating the functions of neutrophils. Other metabolic pathways besides glycolysis, such as mitochondrial metabolism and fatty acid oxidation during neutrophil differentiation, have potential contributions to the regulation of neutrophils′ functions. This review summaries current studies about metabolic regulatory effects of neutrophils on anti-infection responses, intending to provide reference for further study on the metabolism of neutrophils.

Chronic hepatitis B （CHB） is still a malignant infectious disease that seriously threatens human health， and currently nucleos（t）ide analogues and interferon are the main treatment methods for CHB， but they cannot achieve functional cure. The development and progression of CHB are closely associated with immune function dysregulation in the host， and therefore， regulating host immunity has become a key link in the treatment of CHB. Recent studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine exerts a therapeutic effect on CHB by regulating host immune function. This article introduces the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine theory and immunity and summarizes the theoretical basis and related studies for traditional Chinese medicine in the immune regulation of CHB， in order to provide new ideas for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for CHB.

Objective:To investigate the expression of miRNA-34b (miR-34b) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and its effect on proliferation and invasion of human NSCLC A549 cells in vitro.Methods:The specimens of cancer tissues and paracancerous normal epithelial tissues (more than 5 cm from the edge of the tumor) were collected from 40 NSCLC patients in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from June 2015 to March 2017. A549 cells were transfected with miR-34b mimics (experimental group) and irrelevant sequences (negative control group), respectively. The expression of miR-34b in tissues and each group of A549 cells was detected by reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proliferation activity of A549 cells in the experimental group and the negative control group was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and the invasion ability of A549 cells in the two groups was detected by Transwell assay.Results:The relative expression of miR-34b in NSCLC tissues was lower than that in paracancerous normal epithelial tissues (0.52±0.06 vs. 1.05±0.17), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The relative expression of miR-34b in A549 cells of the experimental group was higher than that in the negative control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). MTT assay showed that the cell proliferation ability (absorbance value) of A549 cells in the experimental group was lower than that in the negative control group after cultured for 24 and 48 hours (both P < 0.01). Transwell assay showed that the number of invaded A549 cells in the experimental group was less than that in the negative control group [(49.53±5.03) cells vs. (121.00±12.06) cells, P < 0.01]. Conclusions:The expression of miR-34b is low in NSCLC tissues, and the up-regulation of miR-34b expression can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC A549 cells.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Th17 lymphocytes and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its clinical significance. Methods Sixty patients with primary and untreated NSCLC were enrolled and designed as experimental group, at the same time, 60 healthy volunteers were collected as control group. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the level of Th17 lymphocytes. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting the level of IL-17. The relationship between the expression levels of Th17 and IL-17 in peripheral blood and clinicopathological features was compared between the two groups. Results The peripheral blood levels of Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 in the experimental group [(1.7±1.2) ％, (8.3±2.5) pg/ml] were higher than those in the control group [(0.9 ±0.6) ％, (5.4 ±1.2) pg/ml] (P< 0.05). The peripheral blood expression of Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 in patients with smoking history [(1.8±1.2) ％, (8.8±3.7) pg/ml] were higher than those in patients without smoking history [(1.6±1.2)％, (8.0±2.2) pg/ml], and the peripheral blood expression of Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 were higher in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma [(1.8 ±1.2) ％, (9.4 ±4.7) pg/ml] than those in patients with adenocarcinoma [(1.6±1.1) ％, (7.3±3.9) pg/ml], furthermore, they were also higher in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ than those in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P < 0.05). Conclusion Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 play certain roles in the occurrence and progression of NSCLC.

Objective To explore the recyclability and safety of Celect retrievable filter placement in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis(DVT).Methods The data of 120 DVT patients with Celect retrievable filter were collected from the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from August 2015 to March 2017 and analyzed retrospectively. The Celect filter was placed in the inferior vena cava(IVC)at the inferior margin of the renal vein for 1 to 2 cm by puncturing the contralateral femoral vein or right internal jugular vein.The filter retrieve risk was assessed within 8 weeks after being implanted. The filters would be recovered through the right jugular vein when meeting the recovery standard, and the retrieve methods included conventional method, removing the guide wire into a loop trap method and guiding wire into a loop combined with balloon assisted method.The perforation of the vena cava was observed and the tilt angle of the filter was measured.The success rate of Celect filter retrieve was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Celect filters were successfully implanted in 120 patients with DVT.The IVC filters were implanted through femoral vein in 111 patients and 2 cases via right internal jugular vein.No complications,asymptomatic pulmonary embolism and related death was found in all patients.Twenty four patients did not reach the standard of filter retrieve,and were follow-uped.Ninety six cases were treated with Celect retrievable filter,among which,93 cases were successfully recovered with the filter indwelling time ranging from 7 to 144 days and the median being 50 days.The failure of the filter retrieve occurred in 3 cases because of the serious tilt of the filter or the encapsulation of filter by inferior vena cava thrombus.Perforation of vena cava with no clinical symptoms occurred in 21 cases.Filter tilt was found in 35 cases,among which,15 cases had inclined angle>15 degrees or the recovery hook closed to the IVC wall.Thirteen cases with filter tip or recovery hook attached to the wall were successfully removed by using the guide wire into a loop or trap guide wire into a loop combined with balloon assisted method instead of routine removal method.The retrieve rate was 100% when the retention time of Celect filter in the body was within 106 days. Conclusion Celect retrievable filter can be implanted in DVT patients with long retrieve time window and high retrieve rate,but the filter inclination rate and vena cava perforation rate are high.

Objective To explore the factors influencing pregnancy outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients with isolated fasting hyperglycemia.Methods Medical records of 1 059 GDM patients with isolated fasting hyperglycemia,who gavc birth at Peking University First Hospital between January 2012 and December 2015,were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical data,including maternal age,pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI),fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the first trimester,results of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT),area under the curve (AUC) of OGTT,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),re-tested FPG (within one week after OGTT) and insulin usage,were analyzed.Patients with or without adverse pregnancy outcome,including first cesarean section,larger for gestational age,preterm birth,hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,dystocia or birth trauma,neonatal hypoglycemia and neonatal hyperbilimbinemia,were respectively divided into two groups.T or Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis.Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.Results Among the 1 059 patients,18 (1.7％) received insulin therapy and 591 had adverse pregnancy outcome (55.8％).Univariate analysis showed that the percentages of patients whose age ≥ 35 years old,pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25,AUC ≥ 13 mmol/L · h or HbAlc ≥ 5.5％ were higher in the group with adverse pregnancy outcome than in those without adverse pregnancy outcome [21.7％ (128/591) vs 13.2％ (62/468),x2=12.548;28.9％ (171/591) vs 16.2％ (76/468),x2=23.535;87.5％ (517/591) vs 78.4％ (367/468),x2=15.542;32.9％ (155/471) vs 26.2％ (99/377),x2=4.514;all P＜0.05].The average values of OGTT-1 h and OGTT-2 h in patients with adverse pregnancy outcome were higher than in those without [(8.27 ± 1.14) vs (8.11 ±-1.19) mmol/L,t=-0.367;(7.01 ±0.85) vs (6.88±0.87) mmol/L,t=-0.517;both P＜0.05].Multivariate analysis showed that pre-pregnancy BMI＜25 and AUC＜13 mmol/L · h were protective factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes [OR (95％CI):0.498 (0.355-0.698) and 0.431 (0.247-0.752),both P＜0.01].Conclusions Pre pregnancy BMI＜25 and AUC＜13 mmol/L · h are protective factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients with isolated fasting hyperglycemia.Clinical practitioners may regard this group of women as relatively low-risk to avoid unnecessary intervention.

Objective To assess the reflectance confocal microscopic features of childhood lichen planus (LP),and to evaluate the performance of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in the diagnosis of childhood LP.Methods RCM was performed for imaging of lesions in 35 children with LP.Then,biopsies were carried out at the same sites followed by histopathological examination.A comparison was conducted between confocal microscopic and histopathological findings.All the 35 cases were diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and histopathological findings.Results RCM imaging of lesions in the 35 cases showed cellular edema forming lowly reflective areas in the epidermis,sharp transition between the granular and spinous layers,and infiltration of moderately reflective inflammatory cells,which corresponded to wedge-shaped thickening of the granular layer on pathological examination.The dermo-epidermal junction was unclear,and dermal papillary rings were obscure or absent with infiltration of inflammatory cells arranged in lamelliform structures around the dermo-epidermal junction,which corresponded to interface dermatitis on histopathological examination.A band-like infiltration of inflammatory cells,including big,highly reflective oval or stelliform pigmentophages and small,moderately reflective round lymphocytes,was observed in the dermis,and the thickness of infiltration was measurable.Dilated blood vessels were longitudinally distributed in the papillary dermis with perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells and pigmentophages.RCM images were highly consistent with histopathological findings in these patients.Conclusion RCM,as a real-time non-invasive imaging technique,can serve as an auxiliary examination method for the diagnosis of childhood LP.

Objective To investigate whether area under the curve (AUC) of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) could work as a predictor of outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on condition that blood glucose is controlled. Methods A total of 1 796 women who had a standard antenatal care in Peking University First Hospital and gave single live births from July 1, 2011 to December 31,2 013 were included.They should be diagnosed of GDM by the diagnosis criteria of gestational diabetes published by the Ministry of Health of PRC and diabetes pre-pregnancy excluded. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0, grouping by AUC. Results (1)Women with higher AUC had a rising trend of age and a downward trend of gestational weight gain, however, not statistically significant [specifically, in the four group of less than 15.00 mmol·L-1·h-1, 15.00 to 16.79 mmol · L-1 · h-1, 16.80 to 17.99 mmol · L-1 · h-1 and 18.00 mmol · L-1 · h-1 or more, gestational weight gain was (15.3±5.2), (14.1±4.8), (13.5±4.7) and (13.1±4.8) kg]. The prevalence of macrosomia raised while AUC increased. Those with an AUC of lower than 15.00 (mmol·L-1·h-1) had a lower risk of macrosomia (P=0.04) . But those with an AUC of 18.00 (mmol·L-1·h-1) or more had a higher risk of macrosomia (P=0.02). There was a rising trend in premature birth and preeclampsia with AUC increasing but not significant (the prevalence of premature birth was 4.38%, 5.36%, 7.71%and 7.94%while that of preeclampsia was 2.85%, 4.69%, 4.67% and 5.08% in these four groups).(2)The prevalence of macrosomia was 12.76% (54/423) when overweight pre-pregnancy ,significantly higher compared with 5.87%(65/1 107) in normal group. The prevalence of preeclampsia was 5.91%(25/423) and 3.34%(37/1 107) in those two groups, which was also significantly different. The obese group had a statistically highest prevalence of preeclampsia of 9.23%(12/130). (3)AUC (P<0.05, OR=1.113, 95%CI:1.008-1.218), as well as gestational weight gain (P<0.05, OR=1.520, 95%CI:1.279-1.806) and pre-pregnancy BMI (P<0.05, OR=1.183, 95%CI:1.125-1.243) made a difference in the prevalence of macrosomia. Meanwhile, pre-pregnancy BMI made sense in the prevalence of premature labor (P<0.05, OR=1.059, 95%CI:1.003-1.119) and preeclampsia (P<0.01, OR=1.202, 95%CI:1.123-1.286). Conclusions AUC, as well as pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain have a significant impact on outcomes of GDM, macrosomia especially, though blood glucose is controlled. Meanwhile, AUC might be considered as a predictor of macrosomia.

Objective To explore main technical points and clinical efficacy of individualized stepwise multiple embolization treatment for refractory hemoptysis. Methods To retrospectively analyze materials of 103 patients treated by individualized stepwise multiple embolization. According to disease categories, individualized stepwise multiple embolization treatment with polyvinyl alcohol and loaded sodium alginate microspheres as basic embolization agent were performed, after the type, number, abnormal branches, pulmonary circulation and systematic pulmonary shunt of targeted vessels were confirmed through radiography. To judge short(less than 3 months), medium(3 to 6 months) and long term(more than 6 months) efficacy, resolution of hemoptysis after operation were assessed. To evaluate efficacy of individualized stepwise multiple embolization treatment for refractory hemoptysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used. According to the features of target vessels to supply blood, patients were classified into with SPS and without SPS. By using Log-Rank test, the effective rates of one-year were compared between them. Results Out of 103 patients, 215 target vessels were demonstrated, among which individualized stepwise multiple embolization was for 196 target vessels, peripheral embolization for 8 vessels, and main trunk embolization in 11 patients. The visits after operation were made to 103 patients after 6 to 50 months, with the medium of 21 months. Hemoptysis was instantly resolved in 97.1%(100/103). The effective rates were 94.5%,93.2%, 89.7%,88.9%,85.2%and 76.6%for one, three, six months and one, two and three years after operation. In 103 patients, patients with SPS were 22 and without SPS were 81. One-year effective rates with and without SPS were (69.50 ± 0.11)% and (98.30 ± 0.03)% , respectively (χ2=11.662,P<0.01). Conclusion Individualized stepwise multiple embolization treatment shows excellent short-term and mid-long term efficacy in the treatment of refractory hemoptysis.

Objective To explore the effects evaluation of extended care after “one-day care” for delivery women with gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) . Methods From May to September 2013 in Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Peking University First Hospital, a total of 354 GDM pregnant women participated “one-day care” and then they were divided into experimental group (171 cases) and control group (183 cases) according to whether attended the extended care. Using repeated variance analysis measurement, the fasting blood glucose and postprandial 2h blood glucose values were compared whether the values had statistical significance between two groups at different visit time. Results The uterine-incision rates were 48. 55%(83/171) and 49. 7%(91/183) in the experimental group and control group respectively, and the incidence of giant babies were 9. 4%(16/171) and 12. 0%(22/183) respectively in the experimental group and control group (P>0. 05). The time point of before visit, during visit and last visit in the experimental group, the fasting blood glucose and postprandial 2 h blood glucose were lower than that of the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusions “One-day care” for GDM can reduce the blood glucose level of GDM delivery women, but it has not significant effects on the control of gestation′s body weight and to decline the uterine-incision rate and incidence of giant babies.