Objective To investigate the biomechanical factors of the lower limbs that affect the mechanical energy of baseball batting.Methods C3D data were collected using a motion capture system and imported into Visual 3D to establish a Hanavan multi-rigid-body human model and a rigid-body model of the bat.Using a prepared pipeline command,the angular velocities and joint torques of the hip,knee,ankle joints,and trunk around the X,Y,and Z axes were calculated and exported.Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed between independent and dependent variables using SPSS,and the factors and dependent variables were incorporated into the regression model.Results The top four independent variables that had the greatest impact on the mechanical energy of the bat were as follows:x19 right ankle joint plantar flexion/dorsiflexion torque(β=91.97),x2 left ankle joint inversion/eversion torque(β=91.74),x25 right hip joint flexion/extension torque(β=91.58),and x3 left ankle joint internal rotation/external rotation torque(β=91.50).Conclusions There is a strong correlation between the right hip joint flexion/extension torque and mechanical work of the bat.The batter transmits energy to the upper limbs by producing a right hip joint extension torque to rotate the trunk and pelvis.There is a close relationship between the adduction and abduction torques of the left ankle joint and mechanical work of the bat,which are used for body braking in the early stages of batting and body rotation in later stages.It is necessary to conduct specific strength training for the adductors of the left ankle joint,extensors of the right hip joint,and plantar flexors of the right ankle joint to enhance batting power.

AIM: To explore the protective effect of fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats and its inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smads pathway in hepatocytes. METHODS: Fifty-five male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: model group (DEN group, n=20) were gavaged with DEN (10 mg/kg), 5 times for 14 weeks; control group (n=20) were gavaged with saline with the same volume of the model group; treatment group (DEN+AKF-PD Group, n=15), after 4 weeks of modeling, they were gavaged with AKF-PD (500 mg/kg) daily, and stopped at 14 weeks. At the end of experiment, the rats were killed by anesthesia and spinal dislocation. Masson staining was used to observe collagen deposition; primary hepatocytes were extracted and identified, and the levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TGF-β1, Smad3, and Smad7 mRNA, and the expression of Smad3 and Smad7 proteins in hepatocytes were detected. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, Masson staining showed that collagen deposition increased in the DEN group; AKF-PD treatment could significantly improve liver pathological damage and reduce collagen deposition. In addition, compared with the DEN group, the α-SMA, TGF-β1, and Smad3 mRNA levels of the AKF-PD group were significantly reduced, and the Smad7 mRNA level was increased. Moreover, AKF-PD treatment could dependably reduce the expression of Smad3 and increase Smad7. CONCLUSION: AKF-PD can significantly improve liver injury and fibrosis in rats caused by DEN. This effect may be related to the down-regulation of α-SMA, TGF-β1, and Smad3 mRNA levels in hepatocytes and the increase of Smad7 mRNA levels.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the genetic characteristics of 671 Chinese pedigrees affected with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). METHODS: Clinical data of the pedigrees were collected. Multiplex PCR, multiple ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA), next generation sequencing (NGS), Sanger sequencing and long read sequencing were used to detect the variant of DMD gene in the probands and their mothers, and prenatal diagnosis was provided for high risk pregnant women. RESULTS: Among 178 pedigrees analyzed by multiplex PCR, 44 variants of the DMD gene were detected, with the genetic diagnosis attained in 110 pedigrees. Among 493 pedigrees analyzed by MLPA in combination with NGS or Sanger sequencing, 294 pathogenic/possible pathogenic variants were identified, among which 45 were unreported previously, and the genetic diagnosis attained in 484 pedigrees. Structural variants of the DMD gene were identified in two pedigrees by long-read sequencing. Among 444 probands, 341 have inherited the DMD gene variant from their mothers (76.8%). Among 390 women with a high-risk, 339 have opted to have natural pregnancy and 51 chose preimplantation genetic testing for monogenetic disease (PGT-M). The detection rate of neonatal patients and carriers following natural pregnancy was significantly higher than that for PGT-M. CONCLUSION Combined application of MLPA, NGS, Sanger sequencing and long-read sequencing is an effective strategy to detect DMD/BMD. PGT-M can effectively reduce the risk of fetuses. Above finding has expanded the spectrum of DMD gene variants and provided a basis for reproductive intervention for pregnancies with a high risk for DMD/BMD.
China ; Dystrophin/genetics* ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics* ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

Objective:To explore the classification and treatment strategy of femoral neck fracture combined with ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed of the 44 patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedics, Liangxiang Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2003 to March 2019 for femoral neck fracture combined with ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture. They were 19 males and 25 females, aged from 37 to 93 years (average, 77.9 years). According to the anatomical location and displacement severity, the femoral neck fractures were divided into 3 types while the intertrochanteric fractures were classified as stable or unstable ones. There were 3 cases of type Ⅰ which were completely extracapsular ones, 31 cases of type Ⅱ which were intracapsular stable ones, and 10 cases of type Ⅲ which were intracapsular unstable ones. Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ fractures were treated with intramedullary fixation, and type Ⅲ fractures with cemented hip hemi-replacement+reduction and fixation of the intertrochanteric fracture with Kirschner wires and steel cables. Recorded were fracture healing time, function of the affected hip and complications.Results:The 44 patients were followed up for at least 2 years. The fracture healing time for the 3 patients with type I fracture averaged 5.6 months (from 4.4 to 6.8 months); their hip function at the last follow-up, evaluated by the Harris scoring system, was excellent in 2 cases and good in one case. For 30 of the 31 patients with type Ⅱ fracture, the fracture healing time averaged 7.2 months (from 5.1 to 9.3 months); their hip function at the last follow-up, evaluated by the Harris scoring system, was excellent in 18 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 2 cases, giving an excellent and good rate of 77.4% (24/31). As for complications, withdrawal or cutting-out of the head screw happened in 6 cases, infection in one case and nonunion in one case. In 10 patients with type Ⅲ fracture, the hip function at the last follow-up was excellent in 7 cases, good in 2 cases and poor in one case.Conclusions:For type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ femoral neck fractures combined with ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture, intramedullary fixation with angulation stability may be a proper choice. For type Ⅲ ones, hip joint replacement should be the first choice.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-α ( HIF-1α) is a regulatory protein in human body, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. HIF-1α is an important factor affecting the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer. Many genes and proteins are involved in the regulation of radiosensitivity by HIF-1α. These genes and proteins are directly or indirectly affecting the efficacy of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. A lot of research is under way. This review summarizes the recent advances in genes and proteins associated with HIF-1α affecting radiosensitivity in cervical cancer.

Objective To explore the effectivity and feasibility of uindirectional barbed suture for primary closure of common bile duct on Laparoscopic Exploration of Common Bile Duct Stones, Methods From January 2013 to August 2015,109 cases of primary closure of common bile duct after Laparoscopic Exploration of Common Bile Duct Stones were performed in this hospital.The characteristics of these cases were retrospectively comparatively analyzed.Results Conventional braided Sutures in 68 cases(group A),barbed Suture Devices in 41 cases (group B).There was no difference in postoperative hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss and complication rate between the two groups.Differences in bile duct incision suture time and operative time between the two groups were significantly different.Conclusion The application of uindirectional barbed suture for primary closure of common bile duct using barbed suture after Laparoscopic Exploration is a safe and effective way after treatment of choledocholithiasis.This method cuold reduce the difficulty of operation,and shorten the operation time and the learning curve.

Objective To study the different effects on unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction with standard large trauma craniotomy and frontotemporal craniectomy and decompression treatment.Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the two groups according to the different operation methods,and compared the incidence of postoperative complications and GCS score after 1 week,GOS score after 1 month,and ADL score after 6 months and so on.Results The differences were significant between the two groups in incidence of postoperative complications [ incidence of rebleeding after the operation(A group 5 cases,B group 4 cases),showing of brain pools(A group 23 cases,B group 14 cases),lung infection(A group 7 cases,B group 13 cases),gastrointestinal bleeding(A group 8 cases,B group 17 cases),χ2 =0.579,4.703,8.606,7.081] and postoperative GCS score after a week[12 -15points(A group 5 cases,B group 2 cases),9-11points(A group 15 cases,B group 10 cases),5-8points(A group 6 cases,B group 8 cases),3-4points(A group 2 cases,B group 4 cases),death(A group 1 case,B group 3 cases),W value was 599.500,P=0.028] (all P<0.05).There was significant difference in postoperative GOS score and rate of brain tissue bulging after a month [ advantages ( A group 7 cases, B group 4 cases ) , good ( A group 15 cases, B group 8 cases),middle(A group 3 cases,B group 6 cases),poor(A group 2 cases,B group 4 cases),death(A group 1 case,B group 2 cases),encephalocele(A group 9 cases,B group 19 cases),W value was 492.000,P=0.007](all P<0.05).There was no difference in postoperative ADL score half of a year(P>0.05).Conclusion Standard large trauma craniotomy has features as decompression full,low early complication rate,and can improve the short-term efficacy of unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction in patients,and promote recovery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference(WC), waist-to-height ratio (WheiR) in Chinese adults.
 METHODS: A total of 26 655 participants, who voluntarily attended annual health examination at the Health Management Center in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2013 to February 2014, were enrolled for this study. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed.
 RESULTS: The prevalence rate of CKD was 9.6% and 3.1% in male and female subjects, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, WC and WheiR were independent risk factors for CKD in diabetic male and hypertensive male subjects (P<0.01). However, no association between these obesity indices and CKD was found in women after multivariate adjustment. In diabetic male subjects, when BMI≥28.7 kg/m(2), WC=90.7 cm and WheiR=0.56, the sensitivity and specificity prediction for CKD was 24.8%, 58.5%, 45.5% and 83.3%, 54.4%, 69.6%, respectively. In hypertensive male subjects, when the optimum cut-off points for BMI, WC and WheiR were ≥
27.0 kg/m(2), 91.2 cm and 0.54, the sensibility prediction for CKD were 41.0%, 47.0% and 50.1%, respectively, while the specificity prediction were 68.0%, 63.0% and 61.4%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of BMI, WC, WheiR for CKD prediction were 0.56, 0.57, 0.59 in diabetic male subjects and 0.54, 0.56, 0.57 in hypertensive male subjects, respectively.
 CONCLUSION BMI, WC and WheiR are associated with the increased risk for CKD in diabetic or hypertensive male subjects. However, the value for these obesity indices is limited in screening CKD.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; ROC Curve ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference ; Waist-Height Ratio

BACKGROUND:Microcapsules is one of the main directions of targeted therapeutic dosing system. With a size of several microns to several hundred microns, it can be used for injection, oral, arterial administration and local treatment of targeted organs and other treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE: To prepare rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids/polylactic-co-glycolic acid microcapsules and optimize the preparation conditions. METHODS: The rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids/polylactic-co-glycolic acid microcapsules was prepared by ultrasonic emulsification. The effect of the mass concentration (60, 100, 140, 180 g/L), stirring speed (50, 1 000, 2 000, 4 000 r/minutes), colostrum emulsification time (2, 4, 6, 8 minutes), colostrum water oil ratio (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20) of rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids/polylactic-co-glycolic acid microcapsules on gross morphology, particle size distribution width and total flavonoids encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules was univariately analyzed. The rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids/polylactic-co-glycolic acid microcapsules with smaler particle size, uniform dispersion and higher encapsulation efficiency was filtered out. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimum process parameters were as folows: 140 g/L polylactic acid-glycolic acid solution, the stirring speed of 2 000 r/min, the colostrum emulsification time of 6 minutes, and the colostrum water-oil ratio of 1:15. The microcapsules prepared in the optimized process displayed a uniform distribution and its average particle size was (789.8±712.3) nm, which distributed relative narrowly and basicaly less than 5 μm. Microcapsules presented round, with a regular edge under scanning electron microscope. The average encapsulation efficiency was 47.72%.

Objective To investigate the role of microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) isolated from peritoneal dialysate effluents and TGF-β1 induced HPMCs line.Methods The isolated cells were cultured from peritoneal dialysate effluents overnight of 10 patients just started PD and 12 patients with PD over 6 months.Taqman PCR assay was used to determine the expression of miR-129-5p in the HPMCs.Moreover,the expression of miR-129-5p in HPMCs induced by 5 μg/L TGF-β1 for 0-72 h was also detected by Taqman PCR.HPMCs were pre-transfected with miR-129-5p precursor (pre-mir-129-5p) to overexpress miR-129-5p,then incubated with TGF-β1 for 48 h,and the expression of EMT associated gene and protein was detected by real-time PCR,Western blotting and immunofluorescence,respectively.Furthermore,the effect of TGF-β1 on the expression of Smad interacting protein-1 (SIP1) and the regulation of pre-miR-129-5p on the SIP1 expression also were investigated.Results MiR-129-5p expression significantly down-regulated in the HPMCs isolated from PD patients over 6 months than from PD start patients(P ＜ 0.01).Similarly,TGF-β1 remarkably decreased miR-129-5p in HPMCs lines on time-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.01).Pre-mir-129-5p dramatically restored the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin,while inhibited the expression of Vimentin,a mesenchymal marker,in HPMCs induced by TGF-β1 (all P ＜ 0.01).In addition,TGF-β1 increased SIP1 expression in HPMCs time dependently,while the high level of SIP1 protein was obviously repressed after transfected of pre-miR-129-5p (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no obvious change of its mRNA expression.Conclusion MiR-129-5p modulates EMT formation of HPMCs in PD process,possibly by posttranscriptional inhibition of SIP1.Targeting miR-129-5p/SIP1 may provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of peritoneal fibrosis during PD.