BACKGROUND:Satellite cells are a specific population of adult stem cells contained in skeletal muscle that promote the regenerative reconstruction of injured skeletal muscle,but their specific mechanisms are not well established. OBJECTIVE:To review the regulatory role of satellite cells during skeletal muscle regeneration and the mechanism of interaction between satellite cells and their ecological niche signals,aiming to provide new research ideas and perspectives based on the summary of existing knowledge. METHODS:Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,WanFang,and VIP databases were searched for literature published between January 2002 and June 2022.English search terms were"muscle,skeletal muscle,muscle injury,stem cells,satellite cells,muscle repair".Chinese search terms were"skeletal muscle,skeletal muscle regeneration,skeletal muscle reconstruction,satellite cells,ecological niche".The 66 included papers were organized and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Satellite cells exist in skeletal muscle and contribute to both the formation of new muscle fibers after injury and the effective growth of existing adult muscle fibers.(2)After the activation of quiescent satellite cells in satellite cells,the steps of satellite cell proliferation,differentiation and fusion to form muscle fibers during skeletal muscle regeneration are influenced by their intrinsic regulatory effects of different mechanisms.(3)Satellite cells can interact with myofibers,extracellular matrix,skeletal muscle junctions,fibroblast progenitor cells,immune cells and endothelial cells in the ecological niche signal to promote satellite cell activation,proliferation and differentiation to achieve effective skeletal muscle regeneration.(4)Possible breakthroughs in future research include:the division pattern of satellite cells in the body;the mechanisms regulating satellite cell transfer;the specific timing of satellite cell differentiation or self-renewal in vivo;and the interaction mechanisms between satellite cells and skeletal muscle junctions.(5)This review may provide some theoretical reference values for the field of injury reconstruction of skeletal muscle and its innovation.

BACKGROUND: There are few multi-city studies on the association between temperature and mortality in basin climates. This study was based on the Sichuan Basin in southwest China to assess the association of basin temperature with non-accidental mortality in the population and with the temperature-related mortality burden. METHODS: Daily mortality data, meteorological and air pollution data were collected for four cities in the Sichuan Basin of southwest China. We used a two-stage time-series analysis to quantify the association between temperature and non-accidental mortality in each city, and a multivariate meta-analysis was performed to obtain the overall cumulative risk. The attributable fractions (AFs) were calculated to access the mortality burden attributable to non-optimal temperature. Additionally, we performed a stratified analyses by gender, age group, education level, and marital status. RESULTS: A total of 751,930 non-accidental deaths were collected in our study. Overall, 10.16% of non-accidental deaths could be attributed to non-optimal temperatures. A majority of temperature-related non-accidental deaths were caused by low temperature, accounting for 9.10% (95% eCI: 5.50%, 12.19%), and heat effects accounted for only 1.06% (95% eCI: 0.76%, 1.33%). The mortality burden attributable to non-optimal temperatures was higher among those under 65 years old, females, those with a low education level, and those with an alternative marriage status. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that a significant association between non-optimal temperature and non-accidental mortality. Those under 65 years old, females, and those with a low educational level or alternative marriage status had the highest attributable burden.
Female ; Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Cold Temperature ; Hot Temperature ; Mortality ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Middle Aged ; Male

Background Injury is a major public health issue, and studying the correlation between temperature and injury in the context of climate change is of great significance for injury prevention and control. Objective To analyze the association between temperature and the volume of emergency medical service response due to injury in Chengdu. Methods Using a retrospective ecological study design, weather data in Chengdu were collected from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2023 from Chengdu Meteorological Office, including daily average temperature, daily average relative humidity, average wind speed, average pressure, sunshine, and rainfall. Emergency medical service data were collected from an emergency medical service center in Chengdu. A distributional lag non-linear model was conducted to calculate the association between temperature and volume of emergency medical service response due to injury, and gender- and age-stratified analyses were followed to identify susceptible groups. Results Overall 219685 incidents of emergency medical service dispatching due to injury were collected during the study period. The top three injury causes were traffic accident (90765, 41.32%), poisoning (44101, 20.07%), and falling (44046, 20.05%). When daily average temperature exceeded 17.9 ℃, as the temperature rised, the volume of emergency medical service response for injury increased. In terms of the single-day lag effect, the risk of emergency medical service response for injury elevated on lag1 and persisted until lag6, the maximum daily effectwas observed on lag2, lag3 and lag4, and their relative risks associated with every 1℃ higher above 17.9 ℃ were both 1.08 times, 95%CIs were (1.03, 1.14), (1.04, 1.12), and (1.04, 1.16) respectively. Both men and women were susceptible to temperature, but on the same lag day, the men's RR value was higher than the women's. There was no statistical difference in the lag effect of temperature on the 0-17 age group; the lag effect on the 18-44 age group appeared on lag1, and lasted to lag6; that for the 45-64 age group appeared on lag1, and lasted to lag4; that for the 65 age group and over was only on lag 3 (RR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.10). Conclusion As the temperature rises, the volume of emergency medical service response due to injury is increased in Chengdu. In particular, the associated impact is significant on males and people aged 18-44 years old.

Objective To investigate the effect of evodiamine(Evo)on cartilage damage in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model rats and analyze its mechanism of action.Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into control,model,low-dose Evo,medium-dose Evo,high-dose Evo,and activator(Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway activator purmorphamine)+high-dose Evo groups,with 10 rats per group.A rat KOA model was constructed,and the corresponding drug interventions were administered to each group.Behavioral observations and Lequesne MG scores were conducted among rats in each group.Hematoxylin&eosin staining and safranine O-fixed green staining were applied to observe the pathological changes and Mankin score of rat cartilage tissue.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)were applied to detect the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-18,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),while dUTP nick end labeling was applied to detect chondrocyte apoptosis.Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of type Ⅱ collagen(CⅡ)and matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP13)proteins,and Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of Shh,Smo,Ptc1,and Gli1 proteins.Results The rats in the model group showed movement disorders and severe cartilage tissue damage compared with the control group.The Lequesne MG score,Mankin score,IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-α levels,chondrocyte apoptosis rate,MMP13 protein expression,and Shh,Smo,Ptc1,and Gli1 protein levels obviously increased,while the CⅡ protein expression decreased(P<0.05)compared with the model group.The activity disorders and cartilage tissue damage in rats in the low,medium,and high dose Evo groups were alleviated,the Lequesne MG score,Mankin score,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α levels,chondrocyte apoptosis rate,MMP13 protein expression,and Shh,Smo,Ptc1,and Gli1 protein levels were obviously decreased,the CⅡprotein expression increased(P<0.05);while the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway activator reversed the improvement effect of high-dose Evo on cartilage damage in KOA rats.Conclusion Evodiamine may reduce the inflamma-tory response and chondrocyte apoptosis in KOA rats by inhibiting the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway,thereby improving cartilage damage.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of daily use of a test emollient combined with topical glucocorticoids applied at the weekend for delaying the recurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children during the maintenance period.Methods:A randomized, blank-controlled, multicenter clinical study was conducted in children with moderate AD from Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2022. A total of 127 children aged 0 - 12 years with moderate AD were treated with topical glucocorticoids combined with emollients during the run-in period, 112 out of them achieved the investigator′s global assessment (IGA) score ≤ 1 point, and then the 112 patients were randomly divided into a test group (56 cases) and a control group (56 cases) at a ratio of 1∶1. Patients in the test group received treatment with a test emollient twice a day in combination with topical glucocorticoids applied at the weekend, and those in the control group were only treated with topical glucocorticoids at the weekend. Patients in the two groups were followed up at baseline, week 2 (± 3 d), week 4 (± 5 d), and week 12 (±7 d), as well as at the time of AD relapse, and the effect of the test emollient on the remission rate of AD in children during the maintenance period was evaluated, so were its effects on the dosage of topical glucocorticoids, pruritus, sleep, and skin pH. The occurrence of treatment-related adverse events was evaluated and recorded at the same time. Study endpoints were defined as AD relapse during the maintenance period, end of 12-week follow-up, or occurrence of serious adverse events. Comparisons of efficacy indicators between groups were conducted by using chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Satterthwaite t′ test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:In the full-analysis set, 45 (80.36%) patients with AD maintained remission in the test group (56 cases) and 30 (53.57%) in the control group (56 cases), and the remission rate difference between the two groups was 26.79% (95% confidence interval [ CI]: 10.09%, 43.49%; χ2 = 9.11, P = 0.003) ; the 12-week follow-up during the maintenance period showed that the time to first relapse was 75.05 ± 25.07 days in the test group, which was significantly longer than that in the control group (49.55 ± 33.92 days, t′ = 4.52, P < 0.001). At the study endpoint, the test group showed significantly decreased AD disease severity score (eczema area and severity index [EASI] score: 0.00 [0.00, 1.20] points vs. 0.60 [0.00, 4.00] points), pruritus visual analog scale (VAS) score (0.00 [0.00, 2.00] points vs. 2. 00 [0.00, 10.00] points), and sleep VAS score (0.00 [0.00, 0.00] points vs. 1.00 [0.00, 4.00] points) compared with the control group ( Z = -2.77, 2.43, 3.48, P = 0.006, = 0.015, < 0.001, respectively), while there was no significant difference in the pH value at the lesional sites between the test group and control group ( t = 0.97, P = 0.335). For the group aged 0 - 2 years, the average daily glucocorticoid dosage at the weekend in AD children during the maintenance period was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group ( Z = -1.97, P = 0.049) ; for the group aged >2 - 12 years, there was no significant difference in the average daily glucocorticoid dosage at the weekend between the two groups ( Z = -0.25, P = 0.802). During the study period, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of treatment-related adverse events between the test group (2/56, 3.57%) and control group (3/56, 5.36%; P = 1.000), and no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion:Compared with the weekend treatment with topical glucocorticoids alone, the daily use of the test emollient combined with topical glucocorticoids at the weekend could markedly improve the remission rate of AD, prolong the time to relapse, and reduce the disease severity at relapse in children with AD during the maintenance period, which provides a new option for maintenance treatment of children with AD.

Here, we took base construction of neurosurgery as example to discuss and analyze according to requirements and evaluation indexes of base construction in Xinqiao Hospital, and put forward the specific objectives, measures and implementations of base construction. Foremost, we summarized experiences and overcame shortcomings through interpreting and implementing scheme of our base construction, which would help to improve the construction of standardized residency training base in China.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of second-line therapy with dasatinib in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.Methods:Sixty patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia who received treatment in Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University between January 2015 and January 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into control and observation groups, with 30 patients in each group. The control group was treated with conventional chemotherapy, and the observation group was treated with conventional chemotherapy combined with oral dasatinib. All patients were treated for 6 months. Clinical efficacy, immune function indexes, quality of life score, and incidence of adverse reactions (abnormal liver function, rash, fatigue, peripheral edema, nausea and vomiting, alopecia) were compared between the two groups.Results:Objective response rate (ORR) in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [83.33% (25/30) vs. 53.33% (16/30), χ2 = 6.23, P < 0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant difference in immune function indicators between the two groups ( t = 0.03, 0.20, 0.44, all P > 0.05). After treatment, CD 4/CD 8, CD 3+ and natural killer cells in the observation group were (1.03 ± 0.32), (43.77 ± 6.62)%, (31.12 ± 3.38)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.74 ± 0.28), (35.79 ± 6.27)%, (28.22 ± 2.84)% in the control group ( t = 3.69, 4.78, 3.60, all P < 0.05). The scores of social functioning, material well-being life, mental health, somatic health in the observation group were (85.48 ± 6.25) points, (80.12 ± 6.34) points, (79.94 ± 6.48) points, and (77.92 ± 5.81) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than (72.79 ± 5.89) points, (63.47 ± 5.82) points, (68.87 ± 6.08) points, (63.14 ± 6.12) points in the control group ( t = 7.91, 10.59, 6.82, 9.59, all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [16.67% (5/30) vs. 40.00% (12/30), χ2 = 4.02, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Second-line therapy with dasatinib for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia is effective and safe. It can effectively improve the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy and can also improve immunological function and quality of life.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a major disease of pigs that inflicts heavy losses on the global pig industry. The etiologic agent is the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is assigned to the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. This review consists of five parts, the first of which provides a brief introduction to PEDV and its epidemiology. Part two outlines the passive immunity in new born piglets and the important role of colostrum, while the third part summarizes the characteristics of the immune systems of pregnant sows, discusses the concept of the "gut-mammary gland-secretory IgA(sIgA) axis" and the possible underpinning mechanisms, and proposes issues to be addressed when designing a PEDV live vaccine. The final two parts summarizes the advances in the R&D of PEDV vaccines and prospects future perspectives on prevention and control of PEDV, respectively.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary* ; Female ; Immunization ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; Pregnancy ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/prevention & control* ; Viral Vaccines

To establish an intelligent cervical vertebra maturity assessment system, and to evaluate the reliability and clinical value of the system. Sixty children aged were recruited in the study. Lateral cephalometric radiograph and cone beam CT (CBCT) were taken at the same period. Based on the CBCT data, the system automatically extracted the patient's facial area through Otsu's method, intercepted the sagittal plane by three-dimensional least squares method, captured the second to fourth cervical vertebrae by superpixel segmentation. And then selected points were marked automatically through morphological algorithm and manual method. Consistency test was performed on the two sets of data to compare the reliability of automated cervical morphology capture. According to the parameters of morphological identification, positioning and staging algorithms were designed to form the intelligent cervical vertebra maturity assessment system. The cervical vertebra maturity was also judged manually on the lateral cephalometric radiograph. The weighted Kappa test and the Gamma correlation coefficient were subsequently applied to evaluate the consistency and correlation. The results showed that the cervical vertebra features automatically captured based on CBCT data had a high accuracy on the overall morphological recognition. In the prediction of 8 inflection points out of 13 points, there was no significant difference between automatic and manual method on both X and Y axes (all >0.05). The assessment results of the cervical vertebra maturity of the intelligent system had strong consistency and correlation with the manual recognition results (weighted Kappa value=0.877, Gamma value=0.991, both <0.05). The intelligent cervical vertebrae maturity assessment system based on CBCT data established in this study presents reliable outcome and high degree of automation, indicating that the system may be used clinically.
Cephalometry ; Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Radiography ; Reproducibility of Results

ORF3 protein, the single accessory protein encoded by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is related to viral pathogenicity. In order to determine the cytoplasmic location signal of PEDV ORF3, we constructed a series of recombinant plasmids carrying full-length or truncated segments of PEDV DR13 ORF3 protein. When the acquired plasmids were transfected into Vero cells, expression and distribution of the EGFP-fused full-length ORF3 protein and its truncated forms in the cells were observed by laser confocal microscopy. The results showed that ORF3 protein or their truncated forms containing 40-91 aa segment including two transmembrane domains were localized in the cytoplasm, whereas ORF3 truncated peptides without the 40-91 aa segment were distributed in the whole cell (in both cytoplasm and nucleus). This suggests that the 40-91 aa is the key structural domain determining cytoplasmic location of PEDV ORF3 protein. The discovery provides reference for further clarifying intracellular transport and biological function of PEDV ORF3 protein.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Coronavirus Infections ; virology ; Cytoplasm ; virology ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; genetics ; Protein Domains ; Swine ; Vero Cells ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism