ObjectiveBased on the integrated strategy of "empirical prescriptions in ancient books-medical cases by prestigious doctors-computational analysis"， this study aims to explore and analyze the prescriptions and medical cases for treating tremors in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， predict their efficacy， and obtain the core prescriptions for treating tremors in TCM， providing references for clinical application and new drug development. MethodThe Chinese Medicine Prescription Database and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） were searched for relevant prescriptions and medical cases for treating tremors in TCM to establish a database of prescriptions for tremors. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computer System （V3.0） was used to analyze and explore the medication rules including drug frequency， properties， flavor， meridian tropism， and pharmacological effects， as well as core drugs and formula associations. A multi-target drug efficacy prediction platform based on network robustness was used to evaluate the predicted efficacy of the core prescriptions obtained. Based on the integration of ancient prescriptions， prestigious doctors' medical cases， and network analysis results， the priority level of the developed prescriptions was determined through comprehensive evaluation. ResultA total of 81 ancient prescriptions were screened， involving 246 drugs， and 171 prescriptions were screened from prestigious doctors' medical cases， involving 278 drugs. The frequently used TCM drugs were mostly warm in nature and sweet in flavor， mainly acting on the liver， spleen， and kidney meridians. In terms of efficacy， they were mainly effective in tonifying deficiency， soothing liver and extinguishing wind， activating blood and resolving blood stasis， clearing heat， and resolving exterior. Through association rules and K-means clustering， the core prescriptions were composed of high-frequency drugs such as Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Astragali Radix， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Poria， Gastrodiae Rhizoma， and Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis. Drug combinations mainly focused on tonifying Qi and nourishing blood， with the additional functions of calming wind and dredging collaterals. Clustering analysis of core prescriptions from ancient prescriptions and prestigious doctors' medical cases， as well as multi-target drug efficacy prediction， showed that Combination 1 had the highest disturbance score on the disease network. Furthermore， comparative analysis revealed consistent results with both the analysis of ancient prescriptions and prestigious doctors' medical cases， indicating its optimal development potential based on theoretical inheritance and empirical practice. In comparison， Combinations 3， 2， and 4 were less utilized in contemporary clinical practice， with lower rankings in network disturbance scores， suggesting that their development value still warranted further exploration. ConclusionTCM clinical treatment of tremors emphasizes the regulation of the liver， spleen， and kidney. In line of syndrome differentiation， drugs potent in soothing liver， extinguishing wind， activating blood， and resolving blood stasis are added based on deficiency-tonifying drugs. The core prescriptions based on Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Astragali Radix， Poria， and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma （combination 1） have the highest potential development value. The integrated strategy "empirical prescriptions in ancient books-medical cases by prestigious doctors-computational analysis" can be used for the screening of candidate prescriptions for new TCM drugs.

ObjectiveThis study explored the application of Yiqi Zengmian prescription as a vaccine adjuvant， aiming to provide a new scheme for the prevention and control of corona virus disease 2019（COVID-19） with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. By analyzing the compatibility and efficacy， this paper examines the compatibility effect of Yiqi Zengmian prescription， which is modified from the classic tonifying agent Si Junzitang， as a vaccine adjuvant. MethodUsing the Database of Ancient Classical Prescriptions， this paper analyzed the composition of Yiqi Zengmian prescription and probed into the theoretical basis for the compatibility of this prescription from the properties， medicine combination， and efficacy. Furthermore， the compatibility effect of this prescription with vaccines was analyzed. ResultAs a TCM prescription， Yiqi Zengmian prescription focuses on the lung and spleen and enhances the Qi in the two organs. The lung governs Qi movement. The body breathes fresh air through the lungs and exchanges the turbid gas in the lungs， and the gas circulates alternately in the lungs to ensure the normal breathing of the human body. The spleen governing transportation and transformation is the hub for Qi movement， and Qi is the embodiment of metabolic function. By regulating qi movement and enhancing the functions of Qi and blood， Yiqi Zengmian prescription can enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccine， which provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the immune effects of vaccines. ConclusionYiqi Zengmian prescription has the effects of replenishing Qi and invigorating spleen， regulating Qi and drying dampness， and enhancing immunity. The in-depth analysis of the TCM theory of Yiqi Zengmian prescription as a vaccine adjuvant and the results of clinical and laboratory studies suggest that Yiqi Zengmian prescription may enhance the induction of immune response after vaccination and maintain the immune memory. However， the mechanism of Yiqi Zengmian prescription in regulating the complex immune network remains to be elucidated.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pharmacology （PTCM） is a discipline that studies the interactions between Chinese medicines and the human body， as well as their underlying mechanisms， under the guidance of TCM theories while employing modern scientific techniques and methods. This article reviews the historical development and achievements of the PTCM discipline at the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， and outlines the reform measures undertaken in recent years to advance the construction of the graduate course system in PTCM. Building upon the foundation of the "Special Topics in PTCM" course， the curriculum has been expanded through reforms to include a series of self-designed courses， such as foundational advanced courses， experimental pharmacology courses， pharmacological research tools courses， and applied TCM research courses. Along with enriching the graduate course system， the study explores innovative approaches and methods for graduate education and teaching in PTCM， and reflects on the challenges in course system construction and teaching， serving as a reference for improving the quality of graduate training， promoting the development of the PTCM discipline， and advancing teaching reform practices.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Naoxintong capsules' intervention in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by building a mouse cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model based on short-chain fatty acids. MethodC57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into the sham group， model group， Naoxintong group （158.9 mg∙kg^-1）， and Ginaton group （12.1 mg∙kg^-1） according to the random number table method. The model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion （MCAO/R） was prepared via the filament occlusion method. The effect of Naoxintong capsules on brain injury in MCAO/R mice was evaluated by the neuroethological score， cerebral infarction area determination， Nissl staining， and immunofluorescence staining. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Western blot were employed to evaluate the effect of Naoxintong capsules on the intestinal barrier in MCAO/R mice. The content of short-chain fatty acids in mouse feces was detected by LC-MS/MS. ResultCompared to the sham group， the model group exhibited significant increases in the cerebral infarction area， neuroethological score， and cell apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， with a notable decrease in the number of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of Claudin-1 and Occludin were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the intervention of Naoxintong capsules significantly decreased the cerebral infarction area （P<0.05） and improved the neuroethological score （P<0.01） and cell apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， with the number of Nissl bodies （P<0.01） and expression levels of Claudin-1 and Occludin proteins （P<0.01） increased. LC-MS/MS results showed that compared to the sham group， the model group featured a significantly reduced content of acetic acid， propionic acid， and butyric acid in feces （P<0.01）， while valeric acid， isovaleric acid， and isobutyric acid levels were increased （P<0.01）. The intervention of Naoxintong capsules notably lowered the content of valeric acid， isovaleric acid， and isobutyric acid （P<0.01）. ConclusionNaoxintong capsules can improve brain and intestinal barrier damage and play a protective role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by regulating the content of short-chain fatty acids.

ObjectiveAfter the brain and heart injuries were simulated by myocardial injury caused by acute cerebral ischemia， this study explored the mechanism of Naoxintong capsules in treating brain and heart injuries under cerebral ischemia state with Toll-like receptor （TLR） 2/TLR4 as the breakthrough point. MethodC57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned into the sham operation， model， Naoxintong， and Ginaton groups. The middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） method was used to establish a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. The neuroethological score， cerebral infarction area， cell apoptosis， ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 （IBA-1）-positive microglia proportion， and serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB）， and lactic dehydrogenase （LDH） were determined to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects of Naoxintong capsules on heart and brain injuries after cerebral ischemia in mice. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of TLR2/TLR4 protein in the brain and heart of mice. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed increased cerebral infarction area， neuroethological score， apoptosis rate， IBA-1-positive microglia proportion， and serum levels of NT-proBNP， CK-MB， and LDH （P<0.01）. Naoxintong capsules reduced the cerebral infarction area， neuroethological score， apoptosis rate， IBA-1-positive microglia proportion （P<0.01）， and serum NT-proBNP and CK-MB levels （P<0.05） in mice compared with the model group. Western blotting results showed that Naoxintong Capsules down-regulated the expression levels of TLR2 （P<0.05） in the brain and TLR2 （P<0.01） and TLR4 （P<0.05） in the heart. ConclusionCerebral ischemia can cause myocardial damage， reflecting the pathological process of cardiac injury after cerebral ischemia. Naoxintong capsules can mitigate brain and heart injuries after cerebral ischemia and achieve the simultaneous treatment of the brain and the heart， in which TLR2/TLR4 plays a role.

Lancang-Mekong countries refer to the six countries that the Lancang-Mekong River flows through， including China， Laos， Myanmar， Thailand， Cambodia， and Vietnam. These countries are geographically adjacent with similar cultures and have long history of traditional medicine and high plant diversity. Since ancient times， medicinal plants have been introduced into China from the countries along the river， including a variety of medicinal plants with edible and healthcare values， which is an important way for the transnational circulation of medicinal resources. This paper briefly described the history and application of edible medicinal plants in the six Lancang-Mekong countries and summarized more than 150 edible medicinal plants from the other five countries except China. These 150 medicinal plants belong to 66 families such as Labiatae， and 12 species of them are used as edible medicinal plants in all the six countries. Further， we collected the information of these edible medicinal plants， including the origins， efficacy， indications， medicinal edible parts， edible values， and the traditional application of these plants in China. Some valuable edible medicinal plants in the other five countries are considered to have a promising prospect of application in China and may be introduced to China as new medicinal resources. These efforts will be conducive to the cooperation in traditional medicine among Lancang-Mekong countries.

Skin health is an important aspect of cosmetology. With the increase of social demand， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） brings its advantages into play in health care and conservation. Under the guidance of Xiang thinking， the method of "treating disease with color" is formed， which is also known as TCM color therapy. It refers to a method of treating diseases with Chinese medicines of opposite or interpromoting color to skin lesions， which reflects the unique thinking and diagnosis and treatment methods of TCM， and has practical value in the field of skin health. This study outlined the formation and application of "treating disease with color"， and summarized and analyzed the classic prescriptions and their composition characteristics in "treating the black with white" and "treating the white with black". Common medicinal materials in "treating the black with white" included Angelicae Dahuricae Radix， Ampelopsis Radix， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Bletillae Rhizoma， and Typhonii Rhizoma， and those in "treating the white with black" included Polygoni Multiflori Caulis， Rehmanniae Radix， Sesami Semen Nigrum， Ecliptae Herba， Ligustri Lucidi Fructus， and Mori fructus. On this basis， "treating disease with color" was proposed as a characteristic treatment method for skin health care and conservation， which would effectively guide the research and development of products related to healthy food， cosmetics， healthcare food， and new Chinese medicine. In addition， this paper conducted a detailed elaboration from the following three perspectives： further exploring the theoretical connotation of "treating disease with color"， strengthening the basic research of the causes and effects of medicinal color， and promoting the research and development of skin health products under the guidance of "treating disease with color". It provided reference for the research and development of TCM skin health products.

Objective: By analyzing the clinical features of patients with dengue fever in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2018 to furnish the reference evidences for the diagnoses and treatment of dengue fever. Methods: A total of 406 dengue fever patients admitted to Zhujiang hospital during 2015 to 2018 were analyzed for the clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results, retrospectively. ZIKV, CHIKV and the serotypes of DENV were detected in some samples. Results: DENV serotypes were tested in 96 dengue fever patients and 69 cases were positive. Among them, 58 cases (84.1%) were DENV-1, 10 cases (14.5%) were DENV-2, 1 case (1.5%) was DENV-3, DENV-4 was negative and no co-infection with different serotypes of dengue virus was found. Of all the 406 patients, 371 (91.4%) were diagnosed as dengue fever and 35 (8.6%) were severe cases. The most common manifestations included fever, weakness and rash. Significantly higher incidence (P<0.05) of bleeding, coughing, expectoration, vomiting and abdominal pain were found in severe dengue fever. The most common laboratory findings were leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Significant increase(P<0.05) of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were observed. ZIKV and CHIKV nucleic acids were tested in 380 dengue fever patients and the result were negative for both. Conclusions The incidence of dengue fever in Guangzhou increased in 2017 and 2018.Most cases of dengue fever were mild and DENV-1 was the dominant serotype.

Objective: To evaluate an assay permitting amplification of target 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) sequences directly from clinical specimens and distinction among serotypes of enterovirus (EV). Methods: A total of 518 rectal swabs and 148 nasal swabs tested positive by pan-enterovirus real-time PCR were collected. 5′-UTR and the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene fragments were amplified and sequenced separately for serotyping. The inconsistent samples by 5′-UTR and VP1 serotyping were further determined by using the serotype-specific RT-PCR. Results: A total of 553 (83.0%) samples were detected by 5′-UTR serotyping and 318 (47.7%) were detected by VP1 serotyping in all 666 positive specimens, and there was significant difference in the detection rates between two methods in rectal and nasal swabs (P<0.001). For the rectal swabs, the mainly detected serotypes were CoxA6 (217), CoxA16 (88), EVA71 (40), CoxA10 (28) and CoxA4 (27) by 5′-UTR serotyping. Compared with the VP1 serotyping, the sensitivity and specificity of 5′-UTR serotyping were 57.1%-100% and 67.4%-98.1% respectively, with varied consistence with serotypes (kappa value 0.214-0.283). For the nasal swabs, the most frequently detected serotype was EVD68, with the sensitivity of 100%, the specificity of 91.1%, and the poor consistence (kappa value 0.217). CoxA6, CoxA16, EVA71, CoxA10 and EVD68 were further confirmed by serotype-specific RT-PCR. Using VP1 serotyping combined with serotype-specific RT-PCR as a reference method , the effect of performance of 5′-UTR serotyping on diagnosis was increased. Conclusions The performances of 5′-UTR serotyping in enterovirus vary with serotypes. The application of 5′-UTR serotyping should be considered comprehensively according to the purpose of the study.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a common head and neck neoplasm in southern China,is mostly treated with radiotherapy, however, it can not be completely cured by chemoradiotherapy. Recent investigation on NPC suggests that the nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells can be differentiated to heterogeneous cancer cells that have a strong ability for self renovation and further contribute to the development and progression of tumor itself which is closely related to drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis of NPC. Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, NF-κB and mTOR signaling pathways play important roles in cancer stem cells. Study on nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells targeted therapies and its related pathways provides a new strategy for the clinical treatment of NPC.