Objective: To systematically analyze the revisions content and technological development trends of microbiological standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) 2025 Edition, and explore its novel requirements in risk-based pharmaceutical product lifecycle management.
Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted on 26 microbiological-related standards to summarize the revision directions and scientific implications from perspectives including the revision overview, international harmonization of microbiological standards, risk-based quality management system, and novel tools and methods with Chinese characteristics.
Results: The ChP 2025 edition demonstrates three prominent features in microbiological-related standards: enhanced international harmonization, introduced emerging molecular biological technologies, and established a risk-based microbiological quality control system.
Conclusion: The new edition of the Pharmacopoeia has systematically constructed a microbiological standard system, which significantly improves the scientificity, standardization and applicability of the standards, providing a crucial support for advancing the microbiological quality control in pharmaceutical industries of China.

Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor whose immuno evasion mechanisms play a pivotal role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Recent studies have identified mitochondrial transfer as a novel mode of intercellular communication that significantly influences metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion in osteosarcoma cells. This mechanism operates through three principal pathways: (1) enhancing energy metabolic efficiency in tumor cells; (2) mitigating intracellular oxidative stress; and (3) modulating immune checkpoint molecule expression. Collectively, these alterations impair host immune surveillance while promoting tumor proliferation, invasion, and distant metastasis through metabolic remodeling, immune tolerance induction, and tumor microenvironment reconstruction. This review systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial transfer regulates immune evasion in osteosarcoma and its dynamic impact on the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss the translational potential of targeting this pathway for precision therapy and outline future research directions in this emerging field.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal distribution of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Pudong New Area from 2016 to 2021 and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods The data of tuberculosis patients in Pudong New Area from 2016 to 2021 were collected through the Tuberculosis Information Management System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The geographic information database was established by ArcGIS software and the vector map of Pudong New Area for trend surface analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis . Results From 2016 to 2021, a total of 3916 patients with etiological positive tuberculosis were found to be drug resistant with the drug resistance rate of 13.13%. The drug resistance rate of each year showed a decreasing trend (χ²_trend=14.917, P<0.001). The rates of drug resistance of male, retiree, age 50~<60 years old, 60~<70 years old and recurrent patient were higher. From 2016 to 2021, the incidence of drug-resistant TB showed no spatial aggregation.In the south - north direction, the north is higher than the south generally. In the east - west direction, the west is higher than the east generally. Conclusion Drug resistance screening should be strengthened for men, retirees, over 50 years old, and recurrent TB patients,. Prevention and control measures should be strengthened in street towns with dense population and large floating population.

Objective Genotypes(G)1,3,and 5 of the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)have been isolated in China,but the dominant genotype circulating in Chinese coastal areas remains unknown.We searched for G5 JEV-infected cases and attempted to elucidate which JEV genotype was most closely related to human Japanese encephalitis(JE)in the coastal provinces of China. Methods In this study,we collected serum specimens from patients with JE in three coastal provinces of China(Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Shandong)from 2018 to 2020 and conducted JEV cross-neutralization tests against G1,G3,and G5. Results Acute serum specimens from clinically reported JE cases were obtained for laboratory confirmation from hospitals in Shandong(92 patients),Zhejiang(192 patients),and Guangdong(77 patients),China,from 2018 to 2020.Seventy of the 361 serum specimens were laboratory-confirmed to be infected with JEV.Two cases were confirmed to be infected with G1 JEV,32 with G3 JEV,and two with G5 JEV. Conclusion G3 was the primary infection genotype among JE cases with a definite infection genotype,and the infection caused by G5 JEV was confirmed serologically in China.

Discipline construction is the main focus of the high-quality development of public hospitals. The authors elaborated on the practice of Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen), Fudan University, based on the " double-center" homogenization management, implementing the 123456 strategy of " integrated management and homogeneous development" in discipline construction. The hospital has promoted discipline construction from six aspects: building discipline cluster, promoting talent cultivation, building science and technology innovation platform, precise personnel classification, medical and education collaborative education, and information sharing and support. It has achieved new development goals of filling weak discipline gaps, transforming talent transfusion into hematopoietic, and integrating medical, educational, research and management innovation. However, it also encountered difficulties such as homogenization barrier of discipline construction, shortage of excellent talents, and limited brand influence of superior disciplines. The authors put forward suggestions from three dimensions: deepening homogeneous management, building talent echelon, and increasing publicity, in order to provide experience for the high-quality development of other hospitals.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of orbital fat releasing and repositioning through supra-suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) in lower eyelid blepharoplasty.Methods:The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients who received lower eyelid blepharoplasty in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2017 to January 2023. Lower eyelid blepharoplasty with orbital fat releasing and repositioning through supra-SOOF was performed. The tear trough ligament and orbicularis retaining ligament were released between the orbicularis oculi muscle and SOOF via skin approach. Orbital septal fat was released to this space, lateral fat flap was fixed to the SOOF capsule, medial fat flap was fixed to the superficial fascia of the levator labii superioris muscle, orbital septum was repositioned, and lateral canthus was suspended. After the operation, lower eyelid morphology and complications were evaluated.Results:A total of 58 patients were enrolled, including 8 males and 50 females with the age of (49.8 ± 10.4) years (32 to 70 years). All patients had obvious lower eyelid bags on both sides, combining the tear trough deformity and (or) palabromalar groove. Fifty-seven patients were followed up for (29.1 ± 16.9) months (6-67 months). All patients were satisfied with the operation. The appearance of lower eyelid was greatly improved, with elimination of fat prominence and tear trough deformity. Mild lower eyelid ectropion was observed two cases 1 week after the operation, and were relieved by moderate massage 2 weeks postoperatively. In one case, mild lower eyelid retraction was observed 1 month postoperatively, with no complaint of discomfort or further treatments. Bulbar conjunctival hemorrhage occurred in 1 case and recovered without further interventions.Conclusion:Lower eyelid blepharoplasty with orbital fat releasing and reposting through supra-SOOF can effectively release the tear trough ligament and the orbicularis retaining ligament, with stronger fat fixation and less surgical difficulty. After the operation, eyelid contour was flat and tight with fewer complications and higher patient satisfaction.

Objective:To analyze the growth characteristics of different genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in different cell lines, and to provide scientific basis for the selection of cell lines in the study of JEV.Methods:BHK-21, Vero, C6/36, PK-15, DF-1, N2a, SH-sy5y and MDCK cell lines were selected. The proliferation ability of genotype 1 (NX1889 strain), genotype 3 (P3 strain) and genotype 5 (XZ0934 strain) JEV in these cell lines was evaluated by plaque assay and RT-qPCR.Results:Significant cytopathogenic effects (CPE) were observed in BHK-21, Vero, C6/36, DF-1, N2a and PK-15 cell lines across all three JEV genotypes. However, no significant differences in CPE characteristics were observed within the same cell line. SH-sy5y and MDCK cell lines did not show significant CPE, but virus proliferation was detected in SH-sy5y cell line, while MDCK cell line were found to be insensitive to JEV. No significant difference was observed in the proliferation curves of G1, G3 and G5 JEV in BHK-21, Vero and SH-sy5y cell lines. In C6/36 and PK-15 cell lines, the titer of G1 JEV was higher than that of G3 and G5. In DF-1 cell line, G5 demonstrated a higher titer than the other two genotypes, whereas in N2a cell line, G5 showed a lower titer than the other two.Conclusions:There are differences in the proliferation of three different genotypes of JEV in different cell lines, which can provide reference for the study of JEV in different directions.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between gluten-free diet and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:Data were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genetic loci that are independent of gluten-free diet and RA of people of Europe2 were selected as instrumental variables. The gluten-free diet GWAS data included 64 949 individuals and 9 851 867 controls. Data were obtained from GWAS of 58 284 RA patients and 13 108 512 controls. The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median method and weighted model were used to conduct two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Cochran Q test and mendelian randomness pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) were used to assess SNP heterogeneity. Applying the MR Egger intercept to test the level pleiotropy of SNP. The sensitivity analysis of the "leave one method" that evaluates whether MR studies were influenced by a single SNP. Results:After matching GFD and RA data, three SNPs were included as instrumental variables in the study. IVW showed that GFD could significantly reduce the risk of RA ( β=-60.83, s x=3.82, P<0.001). The weighted median method and weighted pattern also showed that the gluten free diet could reduce the risk of RA ( β=-57.97, s x=4.41, P<0.001; β=-55.81, s x=5.10, P=0.008). Sensitivity analysis of the correlation between GFD and RA showed that there might be heterogeneity between SNPs (Cochran Q test, Q=12.80, P=0.002). The MR-PRESSO results showed that no abnormal SNP was detected ( P=0.174). The forest map showed that SNPs was closely related to GFD and RA stability. The method comparison chart showed that the results of multiple testing methods were basically consistent. The funnel plot showed that SNPs were basically symmetrical, indicating that there was no pleiotropy in MR analysis. The MR Egger intercept test showed no horizontal pleiotropy in MR analysis (intercept value was-0.24, P=0.174). The sensitivity analysis of the "leave one method" is suggested that no single SNP had a significant impact on the overall results. Conclusion:Gluten free diet is related to the risk reduction of RA.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of orbital fat releasing and repositioning through supra-suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) in lower eyelid blepharoplasty.Methods:The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients who received lower eyelid blepharoplasty in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2017 to January 2023. Lower eyelid blepharoplasty with orbital fat releasing and repositioning through supra-SOOF was performed. The tear trough ligament and orbicularis retaining ligament were released between the orbicularis oculi muscle and SOOF via skin approach. Orbital septal fat was released to this space, lateral fat flap was fixed to the SOOF capsule, medial fat flap was fixed to the superficial fascia of the levator labii superioris muscle, orbital septum was repositioned, and lateral canthus was suspended. After the operation, lower eyelid morphology and complications were evaluated.Results:A total of 58 patients were enrolled, including 8 males and 50 females with the age of (49.8 ± 10.4) years (32 to 70 years). All patients had obvious lower eyelid bags on both sides, combining the tear trough deformity and (or) palabromalar groove. Fifty-seven patients were followed up for (29.1 ± 16.9) months (6-67 months). All patients were satisfied with the operation. The appearance of lower eyelid was greatly improved, with elimination of fat prominence and tear trough deformity. Mild lower eyelid ectropion was observed two cases 1 week after the operation, and were relieved by moderate massage 2 weeks postoperatively. In one case, mild lower eyelid retraction was observed 1 month postoperatively, with no complaint of discomfort or further treatments. Bulbar conjunctival hemorrhage occurred in 1 case and recovered without further interventions.Conclusion:Lower eyelid blepharoplasty with orbital fat releasing and reposting through supra-SOOF can effectively release the tear trough ligament and the orbicularis retaining ligament, with stronger fat fixation and less surgical difficulty. After the operation, eyelid contour was flat and tight with fewer complications and higher patient satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the effect of compound betamethasone adjuvant on break-through pain after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty under sciatic nerve combined with femoral nerve block.Methods A total of 100 patients underwent unicondylar knee arthroplasty,32 males and 68 females,aged 55-75 years,BMI 18.5-35.0 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,were divided into three groups according to random number table method:no adjuvant group(group C,n=34),dexamethasone adjuvant group(group D,n=33)and compound betamethasone adjuvant group(group B,n=33).The patients in the three groups received sciatic nerve block and 0.4％ropivacaine 15 ml before anesthesia in-duction,then femoral nerve block,0.4％ropivacaine 15 ml in group C,0.4％ropivacaine 15 ml in group D(containing dexamethasone 5 mg),and 0.4％ropivacaine 15 ml in group B(containing compound beca-methasone 4 mg).The occurrence of breakthrough pain,the number of effective analgesic pump compres-sions,opioid dosage,and the number of remedial analgesia cases were recorded.The ground movement dis-tance was recorded 0-24 hours,24-48 hours,and 48-72 hours after operation.The sleep quality scores and adverse events were also recorded.Results Compared with group C,the incidence rate of breakthrough pain was lower(P＜0.05),the number of effective analgesia pump compressions,the dosage of opioid,and the sleep quality score on the first night after operation were significantly decreased in group B(P＜0.05).Compared with group D,the incidence rate of breakthrough pain and breakthrough pain score were lower(P＜0.05),the number of effective analgesia pump compressions,the dosage of opioid,and the sleep quality score on the 1 st night after operation were significantly decreased in group B(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the ground movement distance of in different time periods and inci-dence of adverse events among the three groups.Conclusion Compound betamethasone adjuvant can reduce the incidence of breakthrough pain after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty under sciatic nerve com-bined with femoral nerve block,provide perfect analgesic effect,reduce postoperative opioid consumption,and improve the sleep quality of patients on the first night after surgery.