Cultivating students' autonomic learning ability is an important research area . It is very important to build a reasonable evaluation system in the process of cultivating students' autonomic learning ability. Based on the autonomic learning content and teaching methods of pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper discusses the design and implementation strategies of pluralistic evaluation system including learning in the classroom, expands the learning out of the classroom, experimental operation and final examination, which emphasizes the combination of process evaluation and the participation of teachers and students. It is beneficial to stimulate students'self-learning motivation and improve their self-learning ability and learning effect.

The Chinese herbal compound formula preparation,which is guided by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories,and based on long-term clinical application,has its unique value.The multi-compound and multi-target characteristics are also features of Chinese materia medica (CMM).The finding and exploration of innovation CMM in modern times should be based on TCM theory and clinical application,as well as the combination of efficacy in the concept of holism and biomedical technology.Key issue in the research,development and evaluation of innovation Chinese medicine is to use to the methodology to illustrate the scientific meaning in according to the clinical application characteristics of Chinese herbal compound formula preparation.During the research and development process,considerations on CMM characteristics should be taken from research evidence,to pharmacodynamics and toxicology studies.Pharmacodynamics researches should reflect the properties of TCM syndrome.Aspects,such as research and application of TCM syndrome model,correspondence between disease and syndrome model,research method of correspondence between syndrome and prescription,identification of biological markers corresponding to CMM pharmacologic effect,are important.So we should catch up the historical chance for TCM development,speedily develop the advantage areas,and promote the modernization and innovation of TCM.

Aim To establish phlegm and blood stasis, qi-stag-nation and blood stasis, phlegm turbid+qi-stagnation and blood stasis model in rats and to study the characteristics of animal models with different blood stasis. Methods SD rats were ran-domly divided into normal group, high fat diet group, chronic unpredictable mild stress group ( CUMS ) and high fat diet +chronic unpredictable mild stress group. Different states of blood stasis rat models were established by corresponding factors for 6 weeks. Indexes of weight, open field behavior, serum lipids and corticosterone were monitored dynamically at the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th weeks. At the end of the experiment(6th week), the heart func-tion was detected by small animal ultrasound and the left ventric-ular intubation. The blood rheology indexes were detected by the viscosity tester and red blood cell deformation/aggregation test instrument. Results Compared with the normal group, blood stasis could be induced by high fat diet and chronic unpredicta-ble mild stress, introducing the influence of different degree on animal behavior, blood lipids, heart function and blood viscosi-ty. When the two factors were superimposed, the changes of the indexes about blood stasis were the most significant. Perform-ance as: compared with normal control group, a significant re-duction was observed in body weight ( P < 0. 01 ); horizontal movement, vertical movement and movement time were reduced (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05) at the 2 nd week;at the 2 nd and 4 th week, serum corticosterone was increased ( P <0. 01 or P <0. 05) as well as TG at the 4 th and 6 th week (P<0. 01); at the 6 th week, velocity of blood was slowed down ( P<0. 01 );left ventricular anterior wall and posterior wall thickness at end-systolic was increased ( P<0. 01 or P<0. 05 ); left ventricular diastolic index was increased ( P<0. 01 ); the maximum rate of myocardial contraction was decreased ( P < 0. 05 ); the whole blood viscosity was increased ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusions Blood stasis could be formed by high fat diet and chronic unpredictable mild stress, which has different characteristics. When the two factors are superimposed, the abnormal behavior, blood viscosi-ty, heart function, blood lipid and other indexes of the animal could obviously appear, which can provide the basis for the stud-y of blood stasis syndrome and related drugs.

This paper reviewed the studies on the effect of electroacupuncture in improving learning and memory functions in the past 10 years. It showed an overview of the mechanisms that how acupuncture worksed: promoting synaptic plasticity, regulation of microvascular injury and oxidative stress; slowing down the progress of brain cell apoptosis, inhibition of inflammatory response;regulating neurotransmitter release and protecting the ultrastructure of neurons. In addition, this paper puts forth the problems which left in the current studies.

Alzheimer ’ s disease ( AD ) is characterized by pro-gressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions .With re-cent discoveries , activation of silent mating-type information reg-ulator 2 homolog 1 ( SIRT1 ) could attenuate the cognitive dys-function of AD via reducing amyloid-βaggregation and tau pro-tein phosphorylation , inhibiting inflammatory reaction , and regu-lating synaptic plasticity .This review aims to highlight the in-volvement of these new discoveries of SIRT 1, and Akt/protein kinase B(PKB) signaling pathways, for their potential therapeu-tic effect against AD .

Objective To establish experimental vascular dementia rat model and evaluate gait behavior . Methods Vascular dementia rat model induced by bilateral carotid artery ligation methods , 50 days for real-time gait behavioral training and testing after surgery .Results Compared with the sham group , Experimental vascular dementia model rats had 19 gait indicators appeared significantly statistical difference , Animal model gait abnormal behavior is mainly reflected in the forelimb step width increased (P <0.05), each foot walk cycle extension (P <0.05), Each foot stance time increased (P <0.05, P <0.01), and the swing time shortened (P <0.05), Homologous coupling shortened (P<0.05), each foot average footprint area and average intensity increased (P <0.05, P <0.01).Conclusion Experimental rat model of vascular dementia in real time gait abnormal behavior and seen in patients with clinical symptoms similar, can provide a reference model for the establishment and judgment .

Objective To evaluate the effects of baijin capsule on behavioral changes and monoamine neurotransmitters concentration in chronic unpredictable mild stress ( CUMS ) depression rat model.Methods The depression rat model was induced by11-week chronic unpredictable mild stress combining with solitary.After the model were established, rats were given the decoction of baijin capsule ( 12.6 g/kg, 4.2 g/kg, 1.4 g/kg ) or fluoxetine hydrochloride (3.5 mg/kg) by intragastricfor 4 weeks.During the experiment period, sucrose consumption and open-field experiment were conducted to monitor the behavior of rats, such as sucrose consumption percentage, horizontal motion, and vertical motion.At the end of the experiment, the levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were analyzed by method of high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemistry.Results Compared with the normal group, the weight, horizontal displacement distance, vertical movement times, and sucrose consumption percentage of rats in model group decreased significantly after stimulated with CUMS and solitary for 7 weeks (P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with model group, consecutively administrated for 4 weeks, horizontal displacement distance, vertical movement times, and the percentage in sugar water consumption significantly increased with the treatment of baijin capsule (P<0.05, P<0.01).Meanwhile, the content of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the cortex were significantly increased in rats of the baijin capsule ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusions The results indicated that baijin capsule improved the behavioral disturbances in depression rat model, which were related to enhancement of the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in the cortex.

The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used as carriers in the investigation of total extract, n-butanol extract, CB-1 and CB-2 of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. on cell proliferation and differentiation. Three groups at different doses were set for each of the four extract regions of C. tinctoria Nutt., respectively. MTT assay was used to detect 3T3-L1cell proliferation by four extract regions of C. tinctoria Nutt. Oil Red O staining was used to analyze the formation and accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid during cell differentiation. The results showed that compared with the control group, there were significant inhibition on cell proliferation when thetotal extract of C. tinctoriaNutt. at 100 μg·mL-1, n-butanol extract at 0.5, 5, and 50 μg·mL-1, CB-1 and CB-2 at 50 μg·mL-1 (P< 0.01). N-butanol extract showed certain dose-dependent manner (r = -0.903). Oil Red O staining showed that compared with the control group, thetotal extract of C. tinctoria Nutt. at 1, 10, 100 μg·mL-1 can obviously inhibit cell differentiation, reduce the formation of cytoplasmic lipid (P< 0.01). N-butanol extract can inhibit cell differentiation in a dose-dependent manner (r= -0.779). CB-1 and CB-2 obviously inhibited cell differentiation at the concentration of 50 μg·mL-1 (P < 0.01). It was concluded that thetotal extract, n-butanol extract, CB-1 and CB-2 of C. tinctoria Nutt. can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and reduce the formation of cytoplasmic lipid.

Objective To study the real-time gait behavioral changes in rat models of experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods Twenty-five SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental group ( 6 males and 7 females) and control group (6 males and 6 females).Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin ( STZ ) in a dose of 45 mg/kg.The gait behavior in all rats was tested at 12 weeks after diabetes modelling.Results Compared with the control group, the rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy showed statistically significant different walk cycle extension, walk speed, average print intensity, balance and coordination.The abnormal gait behavior of the rat models was mainly reflected in the increased average and each foot walk cycle extension ( P<0.01 ) , average intensity (P<0.05), absolute average body rotation (P<0.01),and shortened both homologous coupling and homolateral coupling( P <0.05 ) .Conclusions Experimental rat models of diabetic peripheral neuropathy can exhibit obvious changes of gait behavior, and may provide a reference for related clinical and basic research.

Objective To explore the relationship between the gait behavior changes and cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice .Methods 16 APP/PS1 transgenic mice were divided into model group and Huperzine A group, C57/BL6J mice with the same age were chosed as control group .After a 150 days consecutive treatment , Morris water maze(MWM) was used to detect the learning and memory ability and Gait analysis system (GAS-2) was used to detect the gait behavior after the treatment when the mice were 8-month-old.Results The escape latency of the model group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P <0.05 ) , the time spended in the target quadrant , swimming distance in the target quadrant significantly lower than that of the control group ( P <0.05 ) , the first time passing through the platform prolonged significantly than the control group (P <0.05), and the number of passing though the platform reduced significantly than the control group (P <0.05).In the gait behavior experiments , compared with the control group, the average walking speed of the model group reduced significantly (P <0.05), the average walking cycle, the absolute average body angle and lateral movement increased significantly (P <0.05);The percentage of support time in a walking cycle of the left and right foot increased significantly (P <0.05).Accordingly, the percentage of swing time in a walking cycle of the left and right foot reduced significantly (P <0.05).The propulsion index of the left hand , right hand, right foot increased significantly ( P <0.05), and then the braking index of the above three feet decreased significantly ( P <0.05) .Huperzine A can improve the cognitive function , rectify the changes in the gait behavior .The two behavioral relevance shows that cognitive function and the front two feet braking , propulsion index have a high correlation index (correlation coefficients were -0.433, -0.379, P values were 0.039,0.079), the others were not. Conclusion APP/PS1 transgenic mice of 8-months-old have a remarkable impairment of learning and memory ability and disorder of gait behavior , and these two behaviors have a correlation in some extent .