In cases where a tracheal injury exceeds half the length of the adult trachea or one-third of the length of the child trachea, it becomes difficult to perform end-to-end anastomosis after tracheal resection due to excessive tension at the anastomosis site. In such cases, tracheal replacement therapy is required. Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the development of tissue engineering tracheal substitutes, which have promising applications. Hydrogels, which are highly hydrated and possess a good three-dimensional network structure, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, and modifiability, have had wide applications in the field of tissue engineering. This article provides a review of the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and effects of various hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering trachea in recent years. Additionally, the article discusses and offers prospects for the future application of hydrogels in the field of tissue engineering trachea.

Objective To investigate the HPV vaccination status of children aged 9-14 years, parents’ vaccine-related cognition, willingness to vaccinate children and their influencing factors. Methods From January to April 2021, the convenience sampling method was used to collect data based on the online platform and the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Gynecology of the Children&#39;s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results A total of 864 questionnaires were collected, and 846 valid questionnaires were obtained after screening, with an effective rate of 97.9%. 13.57% of mothers and 3.09% of girls were vaccinated, and the vaccine awareness rate was 68.43%. 87.22% of parents were willing to bring their children for vaccination. Risk perception (OR=4.79, 95% CI: 2.22-10.35), willingness to vaccinate themselves (OR =29.01, 95% CI: 12.62-66.69), awareness of sex education (OR =3.73, 95% CI: 1.08-12.83) and whether the vaccines were free (P<0.001) were related to whether parents were willing to vaccinate their children. Conclusion Parents of children aged 9-14 have high awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine and are willing to vaccinate their children with HPV vaccine , but the vaccination rate in children is low. Disease perception, willingness to vaccinate, awareness of sex education, and whether vaccines are free are all the factors influencing parents&#39; willingness to vaccinate children.

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral colon targeted pH-sensitive hydrogel of hydrocortisone sodium succinate(HSS-GEL). METHODS The plasma concentration changes of HSS-GEL and HSS in the mice were investigated; 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis(UC) was established, disease activity index(DAI), colon length, myeloperoxidase(MPO) and organ index were used as indicators to investigate the therapeutic effect of HSS-GEL on colitis. RESULTS The results showed that the Tmax, Cmax and AUC of HSS-GEL were significantly different from those of HSS(P<0.01). The Tmax of HSS-GEL was significantly longer than that of HSS, and the time of drug absorption into the blood was significantly delayed. The Cmax of HSS-GEL group was significantly lower than that of HSS. The AUC of the HSS-GEL group was 39.38% of the same dose of HSS, indicating that the amount of the drug absorbed into blood was significantly reduced after the HSS was made into HSS-GEL orally. After modeling, DAI, MPO activity and organ index were increased, while the colon was shortened due to the inflammatory reaction, with the treatment of HSS-GEL, DAI, MPO activity and some organ index of mice were significantly decreased comparing with TNBS group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The degree of reduction of MPO activity and some organ indexes of the mice in the TNBS+HSS-GEL group were significantly greater than those in the TNBS+HSS group, indicating that HSS-GEL had good therapeutic effect on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis, and the effect was better than that of HSS. CONCLUSION The HSS-GEL prepared has good colon targeting characteristic and colitis treatment effect.

Objective To use World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) to explore the framework and approaches of development and research of guidelines of rehabilitation at levels of policies, community and services.Methods The important documents and tools of rehabilitation at international level, including United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, WHO World Report on Disability, Community-based Rehabilitation Guideline, Rehabilitation in Health Service System, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Intervention (ICHI) of WHO-FICs, had been discussed.Results The framework, classifications, diagnosis and description of diseases and functioning, coding, intervention and functioning evaluation based on ICD-11, ICF and ICHI-β-2 had been established for development and implementation of rehabilitation guidelines and Cochrane rehabilitation.Conclusion The framework and systematic approaches of ontology, classification, terminology, coding, diagnosis and description of diseases and functioning, interventions and evaluations for the development and implementation of rehabilitation guidelines had been developed.

Objective : To describe a novel workflow for the anterior dental esthetics in immediate implant and immediate aesthetic restoration with digital technique. Methods : Before the implant placement, a intra-oral optical scan(IOS) combined with CBCT was performed to virtually design the 3D implant position and restoration. A surgical guide and an individualized Ti abutment restoration was CAD/CAM-fabricated out of the PMMA-based in a fully digital workflow and seated at the stage of minimal invasive surgery. Results : The technique achieved immediate implant and immediate restoration after tooth extraction. Immediate restoration of temporary crown could be completed immediately in second patient visit after the operation, finally realized the aesthetic implantation with preserved soft tissue contour. Conclusin The fully digital technique changed the conventional workflow which achieves more efficiency and better aesthetic effect.