Objective To develop a deep learning network based on attention mechanism to identify the number of the vertical man-dibular third molar(MTM)roots(single or double)on panoramic radiographs in an automatic way.Methods The sample consisted of 1 045 patients with 1 642 MTMs on paired panoramic radiographs and Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)and were randomly grouped into the training(80%),the validation(10%),and the test(10%).The evaluation of CBCT was defined as the ground truth.A deep learning network based on attention mechanism,which was named as RN-MTMnet,was trained to judge if the MTM on pano-ramic radiographs had one or two roots.Diagnostic performance was evaluated by accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and positive predict value(PPV),and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve with the area under the ROC curve(AUC).Its diagnostic perform-ance was compared with dentists'diagnosis,Faster-RCNN,CenterNet,and SSD using evaluation metrics.Results On CBCT images,single-rooted MTM was observed on 336(20.46%)sides,while two-rooted MTM was 1 306(79.54%).The RN-MTMnet achieved an accuracy of 0.888,a sensitivity of 0.885,a specificity of 0.903,a PPV of 0.976,and the AUC value of 0.90.Conclusion RN-MTM-net is developed as a novel,robust and accurate method for detecting the numberof MTM roots on panoramic radiographs.

Objective To investigate the roles of TrkA and TrkB in radiation-induced hippocampal neurogenesis impairment.Methods Fifty-six rats were randomized into radiation group and sham control group.Radiation group received whole brain irradiation at a single dose of 10 Gy.The hippocampus were separated from rats in day 1,day 3,day 14 and 1 month after irradiation.Western blot and RT-PCR were applied to detect the protein levels and mRNA levels.Golgi staining was used to observe the dendritic spine of hippocampus.Immunofluorescence was performed to detect neural precursor's proliferation.Results Compared with control group,the numbers of dendritic spine significantly decreased after irradiation and its shape change obviously.Immunofluorescence showed a significant decrease in neural precursor's proliferation comparing with control group (t =6.49,P ＜ 0.05).Protein level of TrkA expression increased (t =2.64,3.06,4.80,2.64,P ＜ 0.05),while the levels of TrkB protein expression decreased significantly (t =4.59,3.06,2.81,2.57,P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA level of TrkA expressions increased (t =4.57,3.06,5.39,5.86,P ＜ 0.05),while the mRNA level of TrkB decreased (t =14.87,11.69,4.98,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions As a signaling pathways downstream of NGF and BDNF,TrkA and TrkB may play an important role in radiation-induced neurogenesis impairment.

Objective To explore the technological and therapeutic value of endoscope for removal of hepatobiliary necrosis after liver transplantation.Methods Data of 36 patients with suspected hepatobiliary diseases,who underwent choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy to remove necrosis after liver transplantation,were reviewed.Liver function before and after the treatment were compared.Results Hepatobiliary necrosis located in common bile duct (n =6),intrahepatic bile duct (hilar bile duct included) (n =24) and intraand extra-hepatic duct (n =6).The total success rate was 72.2％ (26/36).Full clearance of bile duct necrosis was accomplished in 16 patients,partial clearance in 15 patients and the necrosis could not be removed in 5 others.The serum bilirubin and transaminase decreased significantly,compared with those before endoscopic treatment (P ＜ 0.05).No serious complications or death related to endoscopy occurred during the treatment.After 6-84 month follow-up,in 17 survivals,3 patients underwent a second liver transplantation with good prognosis.All the survivals had a life of good quality with no placed drainage tube except for one with drainage tube for four years with unstable serum bilirubin.Nineteen patients died from biliary tract related complications or other diseases during the long-term follow-up,among which eleven patients survived beyond four years.Conclusion Endoscopy for hepatobiliary necrosis removal,a minimally invasive method,is effective and safe.

OBJECTIVETo investigate chemical constituents contained in Salvia castanea.

METHODThe compounds were separated and purified by silica gel, macroporous resin, RP-C18 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical property and spectral data.

RESULTNineteen compounds were separated and identified as tanshinone II(A) (1) , tanshinone II(B) (2), hydroxytanshinone II(A) (3), tanshinone I(4), dihydrotanshinone I(5), cryptotanshinone (6) , neotanshinone A(7) , neotanshinone B(8) , tanshinoldehyde(9), przewaquinone A(10), przewaquinone B(11), sugiol(12), caffeic acid(13), rosmarinci acid(14), ethylrosmarinate(15), lithospermic acid(16), pro-lithospermic acid ( 17) , protocatechualdehyde (18), and danshensu(19).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2, 3, 7-13 and 15-19 were separated from S. castanea for the first time.

Chromatography ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Salvia ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the active constituents of the branches and leaves of Polyalthia nemoralis.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, macroporous adsorption resin and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and identified as: zincpolyanemin (1), nickel bis-(pyridine-N-oxide-2-thiolate) (2), cupric bis (pyridine-N-oxide-2-thiolate (3), 2-methanesulfonyl-pyridine (4), 2-pyridinethiolate N-oxide (5), 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (6), 2-thiohydroxypyridin-N-oxide-2-S-beta-D-gluco pyranoside (7) and pyridine-N-oxide (8), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2, 4-6, 8 were new natural products. The bioassays in vitro against five human tumor cell lines with MTT method showed stronger cytotoxic activities (IC50 0.05-0.09 mg x L(-1)) for compounds 1-3 and 6, and weaker cytotoxic activities (IC50 5.49-7.71 mg x L(-1)) for compound 5.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polyalthia ; chemistry ; Pyridines ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the isoflavones from the vines of Pueraria lobata.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography over silica gel and RP-C18, and purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative TLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTTwelve compounds were isolated and identified as: 3'-methoxydaidzein (1), formononetin (2), genistein (3), daidzein (4), daidzin (5), genistin (6), ononin (7), 5-hydroxyl ononin (8), calycosin (9), 6"-O-acetyl genistein (10), 6"-O-acetyl daidzin (11), puerarin (12).

CONCLUSIONFor the first time, compounds 9-11 were isolated from the genus Pueraria plant, and compounds 1, 3, 6-8 were obtained from the vines of this plant.

Genistein ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Pueraria ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents in 95% alcohol extract of Solanum lyratum.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography over silica gel, and purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative TLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTEleven compounds were isolated and identified as: formononetin (1), vanillic acid (2), genistein (3), apigenin (4), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (5), N-p-coumaroyltyramine (6), daidzein (7), caffeic aicd (8), protocatechuic acid (9), daidzin (10), and N-trans-feruloyl-3-methyldopamine (11).

CONCLUSIONFor the first time, compound 11 was separated from Solanaceae plant, and compounds 5 and 10 were isolated from Solanum, and compounds 1, 3, 4, 7 and 9 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Alcohols ; chemistry ; Amides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Solanum ; chemistry

Aim: To observe the effects of sarsasapogenin ( SAR) on osteoblasts and osteoclasts cultured in vitro. Methods: Colonal murine calvarial osteoblast-like cell line MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro. MTT,p-nitropheneye phosphate and tinctorial method of alizarin Bordeaux were used to investigate the effects of SAR on the proliferation, ALP expression, and mineralization tuberculation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Mature osteoclasts were i-solated from the long bone of one-day rat. Meanwhile, marrow cells of mouse bone were cultured with induction of 1,25( OH)_2VitD_3. During the culturing of osteoclasts or marrow cells, SAR of different concentrations was added into the medium. The number of osteoclasts was recognized as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase( TRAP) ( +) multinucleate cells and the resorption lacuna on bone slice were examined with toluidine blue staining. Results: Comparing with the control group, SAR (0.01, 0. 1, 1μg/mL) significanthy increased the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). There was no significant difference in the expression of ALP in early pro-liferating MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to SAR of 0.01,0. 1, 1μg/mL, but in the differentiation phase MC3T3-E1 cells, SAR improved ALP activity very significantly if compared with the control group, of which SAR of 1 μg/mL had the most promotion effect(P <0. 01). In addition, compared to the control group, there were, to various ex-tents, increased in the number of mineral nodes in MC3T3-E1 cells after 15day incubation with SAR of different conentrations. Furthermore, no obvious effects of 0.01-1μg/mL SAR on mature osteoclast were observed. But typical osteoclasts were formed when marrow cells were cultured with the induction of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 in medium for 7 days while little or no osteoclasts were induced from marrow cells in the presence of SAR. Conclusion: The results suggest that SAR can effectively promote the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Besides, SAR can inhibit the generation of osteoclasts from marrow cells.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolated from Zhenjiang area to 13 routinely used antibiotics and identify the structure and dissemination of class Ⅰ integron. Methods K-B test was used to determine the resistant rate of 71 strains of P. aeruginosa. DNA template was extracted by boiling method, PCR method was utilized to detect class Ⅰintegron, and subsequently gene cassettes were analyzed by sequencing. Results The resistant rates to 13 routinely used antibiotics were quite different from 18. 3 to 77.5% among 71 strains of P. aeruginosa. The prevalence of class Ⅰ integron was 38%. These integrons include 5 gene cassettes ( aadB, aac (6) - Ⅱ , PSE-Ⅰ , dfrA17 and aadAS), in which dfrA17 and aadA5 gene cassette were frequently found. Comparing with the negative strains of integron, the positive strains of integron has obviously higher resistance to ten the antibiotics including piporacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin,amikacin, tobmmycin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions The resistant rates of P. aeruginosa to 13 drugs were different, and the resistant rates of integron positive strains were obviously higher than integron negative strains, which indicates that integron may play an important role in multidrug reisistance of P. aeruginoosa.

Objective To study alkaloids from the twigs and leaves of Picrasma quassioides. MethodsCompounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel column. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results Sixteen alkaloids were isolated, purified, and identified as: 5-methoxycanthin-6-one (Ⅰ), 11-hydroxycanthin-6-one (Ⅱ), canthin-6-one (Ⅲ), 4, 5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one (Ⅳ), 4-methoxy-5-hydroxycanthin-6-one (Ⅴ), 3-methylcanthin-2, 6-dione (Ⅵ), 1-formyl-4-methoxy-?-carboline (Ⅶ), 1-methoxy-?-carboline (Ⅷ), 1-ethyl-4, 8-dimethoxy-?-carboline (Ⅸ), 1-methoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxyl-?-carboline (Ⅹ), 1-methyl-4-methoxy-?-carboline (Ⅺ), 1-ethoxycarbonyl-?-carboline (ⅩⅡ), 1-formyl-?-carboline (ⅩⅢ), 1-methoxycarbonyl-?-carboline (ⅩⅣ), 1-ethyl-4-methoxy-?-carboline (ⅩⅤ), and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1, 3, 4-trioxo-?-carboline (ⅩⅥ). Conclusion Compound Ⅺ is separated from the natural plant for the first time and compounds Ⅱ, Ⅷ, and ⅩⅤ are separated from plants of Picrasma Bl. for the first time.