With the widespread use of antimicrobial agents, bacterial drug resistance has become an increasingly severe issue, posing significant challenges to global healthcare. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has emerged as a research focus in the field of bacterial resistance due to its broad sources, high safety profile, low toxicity, and antimicrobial mechanisms distinct from those of chemical drugs. Studies have shown that various TCM herbs, such as Scutellaria baicalensis, exert antibacterial effects through multiple pathways, including disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell walls and membranes, inhibiting nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and impairing energy production and metabolism. Additionally, certain TCM herbs, including Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and Fritillaria thunbergii, can reverse antimicrobial resistance by eliminating resistant plasmids, inhibiting bacterial efflux pump function, and suppressing β-lactamase activity. TCM holds promising potential for antibacterial applications and synergistically reversing antimicrobial resistance, though systematic analyses remain limited. This review summarizes the mechanisms of antibacterial action of TCM and current research on its synergistic use with antimicrobial agents to reverse drug resistance, aiming to provide insights for developing novel TCM-based antimicrobials and addressing bacterial resistance.

Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy

Objective:To verify the revised method of cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry for iodide index of "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Nonmetal Parameters" (GB/T 5750.5-2006).Methods:From July to September 2019, the Laboratory of Department for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Institute for Disease Prevention and Control verified the revised method (determination of iodide in drinking water by cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry) of cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry (hereinafter referred to as original method) in "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Nonmetal Parameters" (GB/T 5750.5-2006). The revised method was verified according to the requirements of "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Water Analysis Quality Control" (GB/T 5750.3-2006), including standard curve, detection limit, precision, accuracy and actual sample determination.Results:The linear range of the revised method was 0 - 20.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was - 0.999 4 - 0.999 8, and the detection limit was 0.231 μg/L. The relative standard deviation ( RSD) of low, medium and high iodine water samples of 6 times detection ranged from 1.4% to 9.6%, and the recoveries of low and medium water samples ranged from 89.0% to 108.0%. The detection results of national first-class reference materials for iodine composition analysis in water were within the range of standard value ± uncertainty. There was no significant difference in the test of results of 12 tap water samples between the revised method and the original standard method ( t = - 0.075, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The revised method has a good linear relationship of standard curve, high precision and accuracy, and good reproducibility, is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for promotion and application.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the long-term efficacy of two double-head compression titanium screw anterior and posterior cross internal fixation on femoral neck fracture. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with the femoral neck fracture, from January 2010 to December 2013 in the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, were selected and divided into an experimental group (n=50) and a control group (n=30). Th e experimental group received the treatment of two compression titanium screw anterior and posterior internal fixation, while the control group received three titanium screw internal fixation. Surgery time and intraoperative blood loss and postoperative Harris hip score were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Th e operative time in the experimental group was (41.6±6.4) min, which was shorter than that in the control group [(50.1±7.2) min], the postoperative bleeding loss was (20.2±8.1) mL, which was less than that in the control group [(31.4±9.8) mL], with significant difference (both P<0.05). The excellence rate of Harris hip score was 94.0% in the experimental group, while that in the control group was 93.3%, with no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Two double-head compression titanium anterior and posterior cross internal fixation shows a good long-term efficacy on femoral neck fracture, which holds important clinical value and should be widely spread.
Blood Loss, Surgical ; Bone Screws ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Postoperative Period ; Titanium

Objective To evaluate left intra-ventricular diastolic blood flow patterns and fluid dynamics in pre diabetics using vector flow mapping(VFM),and to explore the value of left intra-ventricular hydromechanics characteristics assessment of intracardiac flow by VFM with more sensitive indexes.Methods Forty four patients with type 2 diabetes,twenty-eight pre-diabetes patients and thirty-three normal volunteers underwent VFM to determine the left ventricular(LV) diastolic blood flow patterns and fluid dynamics.The two-dimensional color Doppler flow images data were acquired in standerd apical fourchamber view during 3 complete cardiac cycles.These images were analyzed using a dedicated off-line workstation.At different level (mitral annulus,papillary muscl and apex level),the diastole blood flow parameters of LV including flow velocity and volume,velocity gradients (△V),pressure gradients (△P),diastole flow volume,vortex intensity ( Ⅵ),vortex area ( VA),vortex radius (VA) were derived.Thedifferences of the above parameters were compared among the three groups.The correlationship between diastolic function parameters and LV hydromechanics indexes were analyzed.Results ① Compared to normal group and pre-diabetics group,the LV diastolic function parameters E/A and e/a in diabetics group were lower( P ＜0.01),with no differences for E/e( P ＞0.05).There were no significant diffrences of these indices between diabetics group and pre-diabetics group( P ＞0.05).②)Compared to normal group,the intraventricular peak flow velocity at basal level,△V and △P in diabetics group and pre-diabetics group were lower( P ＜0.01),but there were no significant differences of these indices between diabetics group and prediabetics group( P ＞ 0.05).③Compared to normal group,the diastolic positive volume at basal level in diabetics group and pre-diabetics group was lower ( P ＜0.01 ),but there was no significant differences of these indices between diabetics group and pre-diabetics group ( P ＞ 0.05).④ Compared to the normal group,the Ⅵ in diabetics and pre-diabetics group was decreased,but there were no significant differences ofthese indices between diabetics group and pre-diabetics group( P ＞0.05).The VA and VR in diabetics and pre-diabetics group were increased,but there were no significant differences of these indices between diabetics group and pre-diabetics group ( P ＞ 0.05).⑤ There were no correlationship between diastolic function parameters and LV hydromechanics indexes.Conclusions There is the same LV diastolic blood flow patterns and fluid dynamics existed in pre-diabetics as diabetics.VFM could be used as a new methods to demonstrate the early left intra-ventricular fluid dynamics damages in pre-diabetics patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the cause of cardiac perforation and tamponade during cardiac catheterization and intervention and to evaluate the effectiveness of the emergency treatment for tamponade in our hospital. METHODS: The clinical data from 23, 319 patients who received diagnostic catheterization or therapeutic procedures were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Cardiac perforation and cardiac tamponade were observed in 22 of the 23, 319 patients during catheter procedures. It includes 1 in coronary artery angiography, 9 in percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty, 3 in diagnosis, 2 in congenital heart disease intervention, 2 in pacemaker implantation, 2 in atrial fibrillation ablation and the other 3 in coronary revascularization. The occurrence of cardiac perforation in 11 patients was related to puncture of the interatrial septum and/or the procedure in the left atrial procedure and 2 were related to high pressure injection. Seventeen patients were found cardiac tamponade in the process of catheterization, and 5 were found at 2-14 h after operation. Pericardiocentesis and pericardial catheter drainage were performed in 20 patients and 11 of them succeeded. Among the other 11 patients, 7 were successfully saved by thoracotomy and 4 died. CONCLUSION Cardiac tamponade is a severe and fatal complication that may occur in different catheter procedures. Early prevention and diagnosis and performingperi cardiocentesis and drainage timely are critical to reduce the mortality.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Cardiac Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Cardiac Tamponade ; etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Injuries ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To study the apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line KM-3 induced by NK cells. Methods WST-1 assay was used to detect the killing effect of KM-3 cells treated with NK cells at different effector(E):target(T) ratio. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze Annexin-V+/PI- apoptotic cells and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Results NK cells could significantly kill KM-3 cells in a dosand time-dependent manner (P <0.05). After KM-3 cells- were treated with NK cells for 48 hours, the Annexin-V+/PI- cells were increased obviously in dose-dependence (P <0.05). The Annexin-V+PI- cells were increased in time-dependence when treated with NK cells(E:T ratio at 10:1) (P<0.05). The mitochondrial transmembrane potential of KM-3 cells treated with NK cells were significantly decreased in dose-and time-dependence (P < 0.05). Conclusion NK cell can kill KM-3 cells and induce apoptosis in a dose-and time-dependence manner.

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of stent-delayed implantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with high thrombus burden after thrombus extraction was performed. METHODS: Of 186 consecutive AMI patients, 56 were included according to thrombus score(TS)>or=2, and then were divided into 2 groups based on the thrombus score after thrombus extraction was executed: the stent-direct implantation group (TS=0 or 1)and the stent-delayed implantation group (TS>or=2) even if 3 times thrombus extraction were given. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)flow grade and TIMI myocardial perfusion (TMP) were used to assess the coronary artery flow and myocardial perfusion,respectively. RESULTS: TIMI score in the stent-direct implantation group was lower than that in the stent-delayed implantation group. There was no significant difference(P=0.07). TMP score in the stent-direct implantation group was significantly lower than that in the stent-delayed implantation group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Stent-delayed implantation can remarkably improve myocardial perfusion in AMI patients with high thrombus burden after thrombus extraction and intensive anti-thrombosis therapy is administrated.
Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Thrombosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Suction ; Thrombectomy ; methods ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)on brain mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitachondrial respiratory functionin after brain injury in rats.Method A total of 63 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups:the rhEPO treated group(n =28),the control group(n=28),the shanl group(n=7).The models of contusion of brain caused by freefalling were set up in rhEPO treated group(n=28).The recombinant human erythropoietin was intraperitoneally injected in dose of 10 U/g immediately after brain injury and it was repeated every 10 hours in rhEPO group treated.The same models of contused brain were made without rhEPO treatment as control group(n=28).In control group,the same volume of normal saline was used in replacemem of rhEPO.Aburr hole was made on the skull of the sham group(n=7),but the brain tissue was not wounded.The mitochondria were isolated at 6 h,12 h,24h,48 h after trealment,respectively.The activity of ATPase and SOD,the content MDA and brain mitochondrial respiratory function were measured by biochemical technique.The data were analyzed with the F-test and t-test.Results The activity of ATPase(P＜0.05),SOD(P＜0.01)and brain mitochondrial respiratory function(P ＜0.05)were increased.and the levd of MDA in brain mitochondria was reduced markedly in rats treated with rhEPO.Conclusions Treatment with rhEPO can alleviates the secondary brain injury by affecting mitochondrial function.

Objective To investigate the effect of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its possible mechanism. Methods Endothelial cells were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL group) in the presence or absence of prostaglandin E1. The level of MCP-1 in the supernatants was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the expression of MCP-1 mRNA in cultured endothelial cells was detected by in-situ hybridization and the protein expression of NF-κB was analyzed by Western blot. Results Compared with ox-LDL(100 μg/ml),PGE1 markedly lowered the levels of MCP-1[(0. 327±0. 051),(0. 214±0. 213),(0. 247±0. 228)pg/ml vs. (0. 655±0. 013)pg/ml], inhibiting the expression of MCP-1 mRNA [(0. 061±0. 008), (0. 033±0. 006),(0. 026±0. 004)A/μm2 vs. (0. 220±0. 032)A/μm2] in the cultured HUVECs in a dosedependent manner (0. 001, 0. 01, 0.1 mol/L). Western blot analysis demonstrated that the amount of NF-κB p65 was attenuated after treatment with prostaglandin E1 for 24 hours. Conclusions Prostaglandin E1 can downregulate the expressions of MCP-1 and NF-κB induced by ox-LDL in HUVECs, which may thereby defend the blood vessel endothelial cell function.