Objective To compare the value of serum cystatin C (CysC),urine β2-microglobulin (β2-MG),and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a test panel with that of traditional indicators,serum Cr and urea,for detection of early renal damage in lung cancer patients after chemotherapy.Methods This prospective study collected data at our hospital on levels of serum cystatin C (CysC),urine β2-microglobulin (β2-MG),and neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) from 63 lung cancer patients aged 60 and over.In addition,levels of traditional indicators including serum Cr and urea were also measured.Participants were divided into three groups:a prechemotherapy group,an under chemotherapy group,and a post-chemotherapy group.Results Levels of serum CysC,urine β2-MG,and NGAL in the post-chemotherapy group markedly increased,whereas levels of serum Cr and urea had no significant increase;furthermore,levels of serum CysC,urine β2-MG,and NGAL went up steadily as the time of exposure to chemotherapy drugs increased.Pearson's test showed that the sensitivity of CysC,beta 2-MG and NGAL as a panel was statistically significant for both the under chemotherapy group and the post-chemotherapy group (x2 =31.32,P=0.00;x2 =60.38,P=0.00).Conclusions Serum CysC,urine β2-MG and NGAL as a panel have good diagnostic value for early renal function damage in lung cancer patients after chemotherapy and are superior to traditional renal function indicators such as serum creatinine and urea.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of implicit and explicit memory in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and its relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Methods Thirty-one patients with OCD and thirty healthy participants matched with sex,age,years of education were enrolled in present study.All participants were conducted vocabulary perception speed task and vocabulary recognition task to evaluate the ability of implicit memory and explicit memory toward neutral,positive and moral disgust words.The accuracy and response time during tasks were recorded to index memory performance.The obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed with Padovar scale-Washington State University revised edition (PI-WSUR).Results There was significant difference in the response time of implicit memory between two groups ((2 926.63± 1 718.31) ms for OCD group,(2 587.13±1 054.56) ms for controls group,t=0.926,P=0.358).There was significant difference two groups in the accuracy of implicit memory for moral disgust words ((0.607±0.267) for OCD group,(0.777±0.159) for controls group,t=-3.306,P =0.004),positive words ((0.528±0.265) for OCD group,(0.695±0.152) for controls group,t=-3.048,P=0.004) and all words ((0.597±0.248) for OCD group,(0.731±0.145) for controls group,t=-2.582,P=0.013).The response time of explicit memory in OCD group was significantly correlated with PI-WSUR (r=-0.410,P=0.022),OTAHSO (r=-0.470,P=0.008).Conclusion Compared with healthy controls,the implicit memory of OCD patients was impaired,especially the implicit memory of positive emotion words and moral disgust words.There is no correlation between implicit memory and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients.Compared with healthy controls,the implicit memory of OCD patients is not impaired,but there is a correlation between explicit memory and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients.

Objective To investigate the event-based prospective memory(EBPM)and time-based prospective memory(TBPM)in schizophrenia patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome,and to provide theory basis for early intervention and treatment.Methods According to inclusion standard,50 schizophrenia patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome and 50 schizophrenia patients without metabolism syndrome matched in age,gender and education were assessed with a neuropsychological battery of tests including EB-PM and TBPM tasks.Results In the EBPM task,there was significant difference between schizophrenia pa-tients with and without metabolism syndrome (3.46±0.91 vs 3.86±0.81, t=-2.326, P=0.022).A statistically significant difference in TBPM was observed between schizophrenia patients with and without metabolism syn-drome (3.02±1.12 vs 3.78±0.89, t=-3.770, P=0.000).Conclusion The schizophrenia patients with me-tabolism syndrome have severer prospective memory impairment than those without metabolism syndrome.

Objective To investigate the expression patterns and significance of aquaporin 5 (AQP‐5) and multidrug‐resistance associated genes in human colon cancer with different differentiation degree and their correlation .Methods The expression of aqua‐porin 5 and resistance genes P‐gp ,GST‐π,TopoⅡ ,and TS in human 45 cases colon cancer tissues with different differentiation de‐gree and 36 cases of adjacent mucosa tissues as well as 58 cases of normal colonic epithelium were detected by quantitative RT‐PCR ,Western blot and immunohistochemistry .Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that AQP‐5 distributed mainly in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm .Fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot showed that AQP‐5 expression could not be detected in adjacent mucosa tissues and normal colonic epithelium tissues .The AQP‐5 expression level was higher in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent mucosa tissues and normal colonic epithelium tissues (P<0 .05) ,and the expression intensity was correlated with the differentiation degree of colon cancer tissues (P<0 .05) .The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that P‐gp distributed mainly in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm ,GST‐πmainly distributed in the nuclei and cytoplasm ,Topo Ⅱ main‐ly distributed in the nucleus ,and TS distributed mainly in the cytoplasm .Fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot re‐sults showed that the expression levels of all resistance genes detected were higher in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent mucosa tissues and normal colonic epithelium tissues (P<0 .05) .Furthermore ,P‐gp ,GST‐π,and Topo Ⅱ expression were negative‐ly correlated with the differentiation degree of colon cancer tissues ,the more poor differentiation level of tissue ,the higher expres‐sion level of P‐gp ,GST‐π ,Topo Ⅱ .However ,the expression level of TS did not change significantly in different differentiation de‐gree colon cancer tissues (P>0 .05) .Positive correlation was found between the expression of AQP‐5 and P‐gp ,GST‐π,Topo Ⅱ(P<0 .05) .Negative correlation was found between the expression of AQP‐5 and TS (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The AQP‐5 and re‐sistance gene expression were increased in colon cancer tissues .The AQP‐5 expression level was higher in colon cancer compared with adjacent control or normal tissues ,which may promote the transfer and progress of colon cancer .

Objective:To determine the status of glucose intolerance in breast cancer patients without DM history after combined treatment with surgery and/or chemotherapy through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods:All 121 breast cancer patients more than 3 months after combined treatments with surgery and/or chemotherapy and without the diagnosis of diabetes underwent OGTT and fasting. Then, 2 h glucose levels were measured to identify glucose tolerance and diabetes. Meanwhile, six patients with a history of diagnosed diabetes did not undergo OGTT. Results:The median ages of all breast cancer patients and the mean duration after combined treatments with surgery and/or chemotherapy were 50.4 years and 19 months, respectively. Among the 121 breast cancer pa-tients without the history of diabetes, the incidences of diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose intolerance were 19.8%(24 cases), 45.5%(55 cases) and 34.7%(42 cases), respectively. Among all breast cancer patients, the incidences of previously diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes were 4.72%, 18.9%, and 43.3%, respectively. The ratio of previously undiagnosed diabetes was about 80%. About 80.0% of undiagnosed diabetes and 74.5% of prediabetes met the criteria for elevated 2 h plasma glucose levels through OGTT instead of elevated fasting glucose levels. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients during follow-up after combined treat-ments with surgery and/or chemotherapy highly suffer from glucose intolerance, with high incidences of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes. OGTT should be made for breast cancer patients after combined treatments for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of di-abetes.

10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2013.04.007

Objective To discuss the operative procedures and clinical result of posteromedial and posterolateral approaches in treatment of posterior condylar tibial plateau fractures. Methods From January 2006 to June 2008, 21 patients of posterior condylar tibial plateau fractures were treated by posteromedial and posterolateral knee approaches. There were 12 males and 9 females. The age ranged from 28 to 68 years, with a mean of 39.5 years. Of the patients, 13 had resulted from a traffic accident and 8 had caused by a fall. As for the state of posterior condylar tibial plateau fractures, 7 patients had a medial condylar.fracture, 8 patients had a lateral condylar fracture and 6 patients had a bilateral condylar fracture. Results A follow-up lasted 12-24 months (mean 16.2 months ) in 21 patients. There was no infection, no varus or valgus of the knee, no nerve injuries and loosening or breakage of the screw. All cases had attained bone union. According to the Rasmussen functional scoring, the results were excellent in 12, good in 7 and fair in 2. The excellent and good rate of clinical results was 90.5%. Radiologic results were graded with the Rasmussen score to evaluate the reduction of fracture. There were excellent in 13, good in 7 and fair in 1. The excellent and good rate of clinical results was 95.2%. Conclusion Posteromedial and posterolateral approaches can facilitate the reduction and fixation for posterior condylar tibial plateau fractures. It has many advantages such as good exposure, less invasion and the excellent clinical results.

Objective To study the occurrence,diagnosis and treatment of uveal metastasis in patients with breast cancer.Methods In 2400 cases of breast cancer patients,2 cases of uveal metastasis admitted from Jan.2007 to Aug.2011 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed to study the occurrence,diagnosis and treatment.Results Both the 2 cases had the symptoms of blurred vision and hypopsia.Fundus examination and funds fluorescein angiography showed that the 2 cases had unilateral choroidal metastasis with the discovery rate of 0.08％.Case 1 was found to have uveal metastasis before breast cancer was confirmed and case 2 was found to have uveal metastasis during the 4th chemotherapy cycle.No other distant metastasis was found in these 2 patients.The eye symptoms improved obviously after chemotherapy.Conclusions In order to get a good therapeutic effect for breast cancer patients with uveal metastasis,we should pay attention to patients' symptoms and signs.Eyes examination should be taken when patients have eye symptoms and signs.

Objective To investigate the effect of 12-lipoxygenase(12-LO) on the p27Kip1 expression in diabetic glomeruli. Methods Mesangial cells were exposed to 12-LO product 12 (S)-HETE (10-7 mmol/L) with or without p38 MAPK (p38) inhibitor (SB203580, 1 μmol/L) for 24 hours. Rats fed with high fat diet received low dose streptozotoein (ST-Z, 35 mg/kg, IP injection) to develop type 2 diabetes and were divided into 2 groups: low dose STZ, low dose STZ+12-LO inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cynanocinnamate (CDC, 8 mg/kg) treatment. Rats fed with regular chow were divided into two groups: controls, CDC treatment. The rats received injection of CDC or vehicle subcutaneously in the hind leg. CDC or vehicle injection was performed three times weekly on alternate days. All the rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks, Wild type and 12-LO knockout C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: wild type control, 12-LO knockout, STZ-induced wild type type 1 diabetes and STZ-induced 12-LO knockout type 1 diabetes. All the mice were sacrificed after 16 weeks. Urine, blood, kidney cortical tissue and isolated glomeruli by sieving method were collected at the end of study respectively. Western blot and immunohistochemistry for target protein were performed respectively. Results Inhibition of p38 activation could significantly reduce p27Kip1 expression induced by 12 (S)-HETE in mesangial cells (P<0.01). Increased glomerular volume, microalbuminuria, elevated glomeluli p38 activation, p27Kip1 expresssion in type 2 diabetic glomeruli was decreased after CDC treatment (P<0.01). Compared with wild type diabetic mice, glomerular p38 activation, p27Kip1 exprcsssion and extracellular matrix accumulation in the 12-LO knockout diabetic mice were significantly decreased (P <0.01, respectively). Conclusions 12-LO induces p27kipl expression via p38 pathway in diabetic glomeruli.