ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of imprinting template of flavonoid clusters in four Chinese medicines attributed to the lung meridian， and to establish an in vitro experimental approach for the study of the attribution of Chinese medicines to the lung meridian. MethodBased on 13 Chinese medicines， including Xanthii Fructus， Houttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and so on， which only belong to the lung meridian in Chinese Materia Medica（the 13^th Five-Year planning textbook of general higher education）， we identified four representative Chinese medicines， namely Houttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and Mori Cortex， and set up their fingerprints by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and calculated the molecular connectivity indices of various components in the four Chinese medicines， the similarity to their mean value was calculated by included angle cosine method， so as to establish the quantitative relationship of construction versus imprinting ability， and to determine the order of each component in the lung meridian. A total of 7 reference substances， including chlorogenic acid， rutin， quercetin， isoquercitrin， hyperoside， epicatechin， and iridin， were selected to validate the overall conformational relationships of flavonoids of the model， as well as its predictive ability. ResultHouttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and Mori Cortex contained a total of 437 chemical components with an average molecular connectivity index similarity of 0.995 6. The four Chinese medicines contained a total of 204 flavonoids with an average molecular connectivity index similarity of 0.978 0， which was second only to the alkaloids with 0.985 1. The retention time（t_R） of the 7 reference substances showed a good conformational relationship with the similarity of the molecular connectivity index（t_R=831.4×S-790.3， r=0.861 4， P<0.01）， which was applicable to the in vitro attribution study of the position， similarity， and relative similarity with t_R of the cluster of 98.04% of flavonoids. Accordingly， the 1^st position was kuwanon D， with a similarity of molecular connectivity index of 0.987 7 and a t_R of 30.88 min， the 200^th position was chlorogenic acid， with a similarity of molecular connectivity index of 0.958 2 and a t_R of 6.36 min. The total first-order moment of the four Chinese medicines calculated by total statistical moment method of fingerprint was 24.26 min， ranked 21， which could characterize 99.19% of the whole， and the total first-order moment of the total peak area of the 7 reference substances in the four Chinese medicines was 20.00 min， with a rank of 46， which could characterize 98.68% of the whole. ConclusionFlavonoid clusters are suitable probes for the characterization of imprinting template for the study of the lung meridian， which can be established a quantitative imprinting method for meridian tropism of Chinese medicines in vitro.

Objective To solve the clinical blood transfusion problem of the major cross-match compatibility and the minor cross-match incompatibility by using the microcolumn agglutination technique in the cross matching of the patients with non-auto-immune hemolytic anemia(non-AIHA).Methods The process was set up to analyze the reasons of the minor cross-match incom-patibility by reviewing the sample information from the patient and the blood donor,re-detection of ABO and Rh blood group,direct anti-globulin test (DAT),comparison of the agglutination intensity between DAT and minor cross-match,and antibody screening tests,etc.,and the corresponding laboratory treatment was carried out.Results The problem of minor cross-matching incompatibil-ity in 3 014 cases of non-AIHA were treated by this process,the result showed that the main reason leading to minor cross-match incompatibility was the DAT positive(98.6%).Those patients were infused with the RBC suspension with minor cross-match in-compatibility,comparing the occurrence rate(0.52%)of blood transfusion adverse reaction and the blood transfusion effectiveness (87.4%)had no statistical differences compared with the occurrence rate(0.48%)of blood transfusion adverse reaction and the blood transfusion effectiveness(85.4%)in the transfused RBC suspension with major and minor cross-matching compatibility,the differences had no statistical significance(P >0.05);other causes leading to the minor-cross-matching incompatibility were the sam-ple or blood group errors(0.8%),irregular antibody from the donor(0.6%),in such situation,the blood could be exchanged and the blood cross-matching could be performed again,the RBC suspension with major and minor compatibility was transfused.Conclusion This process can quickly and safely solve the clinical blood transfusion problem of minor cross-match incompatibility in the non-AIHA patients and is suitable for the laboratory adopting the microcolumn agglutination technique for conducting the cross-matc-hing test.

Objective To compare the efficacy after conventional radiotherapy and late course accelerated fractionation radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods A total of 200 NPC patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to conventional radiotherapy (CF) group with 99 cases or late course accelerated fractionation radiotherapy (LCAF) group with 101 cases,who received irradiation to 60Co γ or 6 MV X-rays.In the CF group,the total dose of nasopharynx was 70 Gy/35 fractions at 2 Gy daily.In the LCAF group,for the first two-thirds of the treatment,two daily fractions of 1.2 Gy were given to the primary lesion and the total dose was 48 Gy/40 fractions.For the last one third of the treatment,the dose per fraction was increased to 1.5 Gy and the total dose was 30 Gy/20 fractions.Results There were 25,16,25 in CF group and 16,13,18 patients in LCAF group who had recurrence of nasophaynx,cervical lymph nodes,and distant metastasis,respectively.The 5-year nasopharyngeal control and overall survival rates was 75.9％ and 87.6％ in CFgroup (x2 =4.066,P＜0.05),58.0％ and 74.1％(x2 =5.076,P ＜ 0.05) in LCAF group,respectively.Cervical lymph nodes local rates and distant metastasesfree rates at 5 years were 8 1.5％ and 90.0％ in CF group (P ＞ 0.05),74.1％ and 83.3％ (P ＞ 0.05) in LCAF group,respectively.Conclusions Compared with CF,LCAF can improve nasopharyngeal control and overall survival rates,but there are no significant difference in the recurrence rates of cervical lymph nodes and distant metastasis.

Objective Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a rare malignancy in head and neck region, is predominately found in the salivary glands. Our study is to retrospectively analyze the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of ACC originated from the major salivary glands. Methods A total of 54 patients diagnosed as ACC were treated in our institution, including 24 cases originated from the parotid gland and 30 from the submandibular or sublingual gland. According to the records, 26 patients received surgery alone and 28 were treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy with a median dose of 58 Gy (range, 50 -65 Gy). Results The Follow-up rate was 94%, and 15 patients from postoperative radiotherapy group and 20 from surgery alone group were followed up more then 5 years. The 5-year overall survival rate, local-regional control rate, distant metastasis rate, and disease-free survival rate were 97%, 71%, 13% and 69%, respectively. Lung metastasis, occurred in 7 patients, was the most common distant failure. Fifteen recurrences were observed, including 13 in surgery alone group and 2 in postoperative radiotherapy group. The 5-year local-regional control and disease-free survival rates were 90% and 85% for patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy, 54% and 55% for those treated with surgery alone. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that postoperative radiotherapy was the only prognostic factor of local-regional control and survival rates. Other parameters such as nerve involvement did not significantly influence the treatment results. Conclusions Postoperative radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of ACC originate from the major salivary glands compared with surgery alone. Distant metastasis is an obstacle in curing the disease, which indicates the value of systemic treatment.

Objective To assess the impact of respiratory motion on the displacement of target area and to analyze the discrimination between free breathing and active breathing control (ABC) in patients with gastric cancer treated with post-operative radiotherapy. Methods From January 2005 to November 2006, 22 patients with post-operatively confirmed gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. All diseases were T_3/ N +, staging Ⅱ - Ⅳ. Patients were CT scanned and treated by radiation with the use of ABC. Image J software was used in image processing, motion measurement and data analysis. Surgical clips were implanted as fiducial marks in the tumor bed and lymphatic drainage area. The motion range of each clip was measured in the resultant-projection image. Motions of the clips in superior-inferior (S-I), right-left (R-L) and anterior-posterior (A-P) directions were determined from fluoroscopy movies obtained in the treatment position. Results The motion ranges in S-I, R-L and A-P directions were 11.1 mam, 1.9 mm and 2.5 mm (F = 85.15, P = 0. 000) under free breathing, with 2.2 mm, 1.1 mm and 1.7 nun under ABC (F = 17.64, P = 0. 000), and the reduction of motion ranges was significant in both S-I and A-P directions (t = 4.36, P = 0. 000;t = 3.73,P = 0.000). When compared with under free-breathing, the motion ranges under ABC were kept unchanged in the same breathing phase of the same treatment fraction, while significant increased in different breathing phase in all three directions (t = - 4.36, P = 0. 000; t = - 3.52, P = 0.000; t =-3.79, P = 0. 000), with a numerical value of 3.7 mm, 1.6 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively (F = 19.46, P = 0. 000) . With ABC between different treatment fractions , the maximum displacements were 2.7 mm, 1.7 mm and 2.5 mm for the centre of the clip cluster (F =4.07,P =0. 019), and were 4.6 mm, 3.1 mm and 4.2 mm for the clips (F =5.17 ,P =0.007). The motion ranges were significant increased in all the three directions (t = - 4.09, P=0.000 ; t =-4.46, P = 0.000 ; t = - 3.45, P =0.000). Conclusions In the irradiation of post-operative gastric cancer, the maximum displacement of organ motions induced by respiration is in S-1 direction and the minimum in R-L direction under free breathing. The use of ABC can reduce the motions significantly in S-I and A-P directions, and the same changes exist in both inter-and intra-fraction treatment.

Objective To study the effect of different fraction interval with same total radiation dose on tumor growth delay and survival in C57BL mice implanted with lewis lung cancer,and to determine whether prolonged fraction interval will decrease the tumor response to radiation. Methods Forty-eight mice were implanted with lewis lung cancer in the back legs.When the diameter of transplanted tumor reached 0.8 to 1 cm,the mice were randomized into 6 groups:normal control group,single fraction of 18 Gy group,18 Gy in 2 fractions of 9 Gy at 30 min interval group,18 Gy in 7 fractions of 2.57 Gy at 5 min inter val group,18 Gy in 2 fractions of 9 Gy at 60 min interval group and 18 Gy in 7 fractions of 2.57 Gy at 10 rain interval group.The maximal and minimal diameters of the tumor were measured and record every other day to study the tumor growth tendency,the tumor growth delay and the mice survival time. Results The tumor growth delay of groups at prolonged fraction interval was shorter than the group with single fraction of 18 Gy (P < 0.05).The tumor growth delay of groups at fraction interval of 30 rain was longer than that of groups at interval of 60 rain (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference of the tumor growth delay be tween the groups with same delivery time (P >0.05).The mice survival time of the groups with prolonged fraction interval was shortened when omparing to the group with single fraction of 18 Gy.While the difference was not significant between the groups at fraction interval of 30 min and 60 min. Conclusions The pro longed fraction interval but same total radiation dose shortens the tumor growth delay and survival time in the mice implanted with Lewis lung cancer.The longer fraction interval impairs the tumor control more signifi candy.However the difference of the effect on mice survival time is not significant between the groups at fraction interval of 30 min and 60 min.

Background and purpose:Studies have shown that some molecular markers could serve as prognostic factors for nasopharynx carcinoma, but the predictive role of catenins and cyclin D1 remains uncertain for the disease. Our paper is to investigate the expression of catenins(?-,?- and ?-) and cyclin D1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma as well as to analysis their relation to clinic factors and prognosis. Methods:We retrieved 38 paraffin-embedded specimens of nasopharynx carcinoma, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of ?-,?- and ?-catenin , cyclin D1 and tumor proliferation activity marker ki-67.Results:Reduced expression of ?-,?- ,?-catenin and cyclin D1 was observed in most of the tumors. Our preliminary study demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between their expression with T-stage, N-stage, clinical stage and primary tumor volume, as well as with ki-67 stain. In unviarance analysis, patients with reduced expression of ?-catenin had poorer prognosis than those with high expression, 5 year overall survival and disease free survival rates of these two groups were 53.2%, 29.0% and 81.9%, 76.0%, respectively(P

Some problems of defining target volumes and normal organs are issueds in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The factors that affect gross target volume,clinical target volume,planning target volume,normal tissues and cervical lymph node target in necks are analyzed ,and some suggestions for defining target and normal tissues are discussed in this article.

60 cm 3). Primary tumor volume was found to be an independent prognostic factor of local control in multivariant analysis without any statistical significance to predict the disease-free survival or distant relapse-free survival rates. Conclusion The greater volume disparity with the same T stage and the data extension overlap with different T stages are demonstrated and the primary tumor volume may be considered as a prognostic factor in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

6hrs, followed by concomitant boost to a total dose of 74 Gy within 6 weeks. In lung cancer, the program was 1.15～1.25 Gy per fraction, two fractions per day for a total dose of 70 Gy with overall treatment time about 6 to 7 weeks. Esophageal cancer, conventional fractionation was given to total dose about 41 Gy followed by a boost for an additional 28 Gy by 1.5 Gy per fraction twice daily with overall treatment time about 6.3 weeks.Our preliminary treatment data showed that the local tumor control rates were higher in these study groups than the conventional groups and the acute reactions were increased as expected but tolerable. The main points of altered fractionation radiation schedules are also discussed.