Objective:To analyze the clinical characters and results of the posteromedial dislocation of elbow.Methods:From January 2014 to March 2016, a retrospective observational study of 15 patients with posteromedial elbow dislocations was performed. There were twelve males and three females, the mean age was 44 years old (23-64 years old). There were fourteen complex dislocations and one simple dislocation. The signs of posteromedial dislocation included changes of carry angle and varus deformity. Dimple signs were found in 8 patients. Conservative treatment was used in two cases (one simple dislocation and one complex disclocation). Operative treatment was performed in the other 13 cases with complex dislocations, in which five were fixed by hinged external fixator due to instability. The ranges of elbow and forearm movement, visual analogue score (VAS) and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) were recorded before treatment and at the last visit after average 18 months (17-21 months) of follow-up.Results:Before treatment, the average arc of extension-flexion was 9.3°±1.3° (5°-15°), the average range of forearm pronation was 6.4°±1.4° (0°-10°), supination was 4.3°±1.7° (0°-10°); VAS averaged 8±0.3 scores (7-9 scores); MEPS averaged 15.7±4.3 scores (5-35 scores). At the last follow up, the average arc of extension-flexion was 105°±5.2° (90°-130°), the average range of forearm pronation was 60°±8.5° (20°-80°), supination was 76°±9.5° (20°-90°); VAS averaged 0.4±0.2 scores (0-1 score); MEPS averaged 95.7±2.3 scores (85-100 scores). Significant different was found in all index by paired t test ( P<0.001). No instability of elbow was found in physical and radiology test in all follow-up visit. Conclusion:Posteromedial dislocation of elbow is rare in clinics, closed reduction can be always successful in simple dislocations; open reduction would be necessary in the majority of complex dislocations. However, relatively satisfied clinical results could be achieved.

Objective:Toevaluate the short-term outcomes of mere modified Stoppa approach or in addition to ilia fossa approach for acetabular fractures.Methods:From January 2016 to October 2019, 36 patients with acetabular fracture were treated at Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. They were 28 males and 8 females with an average age of 45.2 years (from 27 to 78 years). The left side was affected in 15 cases and the right side in 21. By the Judet-Letournel classification, there were 13 anterior column fractures, 3 anterior column and wall fractures, 12 both-column fractures, 6 anterior and posterior hemitransverse fractures, and 2 T-shaped fractures.The time from injury to surgery averaged 6 days(from 2 to 12 days).All the patients were treated by open reduction and plate-screw fixation through the mere modified Stoppa approach or in addition to the ilia fossa approach.The quality of postoperative fracture reduction was evaluated according to the Matta score.The pain scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) for the patients before operation and 18 months after operation were recorded and compared. The fracture healing time, Harris hip score at the last follow-up and complications in the patients were recorded.Results:The average operation time in this cohort was 213.2 min (from 110 to 340 min). By the Matta scores, anatomical reduction was achieved in 28 cases and satisfactory reduction in 8.The 36 patients were followed up for an average of 20 months (from 18 to 25 months). Their VAS pain scores at 18 months after operation were(0.7 ± 0.6) points, significantly lower than those before operation [(6.7 ± 1.3) points] ( P<0.05). Their fracture healing time averaged 3.2 months (from 1.5 to 6.0 months). Their Harris hip scores at the last follow-up averaged 90.6 points (from 80 to 95 points), yielding 26 excellent and 10 good cases.There were no serious complications like internal fixation failure or neurovascular injury during the follow-up period. Conclusions:In the treatment of acetabular fractures, simple modified Stoppa approach or in addition to ilia fossa approach may lead to fine short-term outcomes, because fractures involving both anterior and posterior columns can be handled safely and effectively at the same time.

Objective To investigate the surgical indication and surgical procedures for Crohn disease.Methods Clinical data of 47 cases with Crohn disease were retrospectively analyzed.Results The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain (35 cases),diarrhea (16 cases),emaciation and fatigue(12 cases),abdominal mass (9 cases),intestinal obstruction (31 cases),intestinal adhesion (18 cases),intestinal perforation(8 cases),intestinal bleeding (1 1 cases),internal fistula (4 cases),abdominal abscess (4 cases).Preoperative enteroscopy was performed in 23 cases,and 7 cases were diagnosed as Crohn's disease.Operative procedures included colectomy in 15 cases,small bowel resection and intestinal adhesion lysis in 29 cases,ileostomy in 3 cases.Postoperative complications occurred in 13 cases,including incision dehiscence in 2 cases,intestinal fistula in 5 cases,there were 2 cases of stress ulcer,pulmonary infection in 1 case and short bowel syndrome in 1 case,early postoperative inflammatory bowel obstruction in 2 cases and death in 1 case.44 patients were followed-up,for an average of 6.8 years.Recurrence of Crohn's disease was found in 11 cases and canceration in 3 cases.Conclusions Surgery is still the mainstay for Crohn's disease,and close follow-up is important for disease recurrence and canceration.

OBJECTIVE： To provide decision basis for antiplatelet therapy in ACS patients. METHODS： Markov model was established by collecting the related data in PLATO and TREAR study. Total bleeding risk， major bleeding risk， secondary bleeding risk and fatal bleeding risk in ACS patients who using ticagrelor or clopidogrel were calculated. Transfer probability， the cost and utility value between each state were collected and calculated according to previous literatures. The medical expenses of different methods were calculated by using TreeAge Pro 2011 software to obtain quality-adjusted life years （QALYs） and increment-cost- effectiveness ratio （ICER）. Furthermore， single-factor sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis were carried out. RESULTS： The average total cost of ticagrelor group was 66 449.38 yuan， obtaining 7.34 QALYs； the average total cost of clopidogrel group was 53 846.03 yuan， obtaining 6.68 QALYs. Compared with the clopidogrel group， the ICER of the ticagrelor group was 19 095.98 yuan/QALYs， that is， for each additional QALYs obtained， the cost of ticagrelor group was 19 095.98 yuan， less than willingness to pay threshold （64 644 yuan）. Sensitivity analysis was consistent with above analysis. CONCLUSIONS： Compared with clopidogrel， ticagrelor has less economic burden in ACS patients， especially in the patients with adverse bleeding events.

Objective To investigate the effects of drainage tube placement after fracture internal fixation.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted of the 235 patients who were to undergo open reduction and internal fixation for tibia fracture,distal radial fracture or ankle joint fracture at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March to August,2016.Of them,123 were assigned into an experimental group who were subjected to adequate hemostasis after releasing the tourniquet without drainage following surgery while 112 into a control group who were subjected to conventional hemostasis without relaxing the tourniquet and placement of drainage tubes.The 2 groups were compared in terms of postoperative hospital stay,wound condition,body temperature 3 days postoperatively,counts of hemoglobins,white blood cells and neutrophils,and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS).Results High fever was not observed in all the patients postoperatively.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in postoperative hospital stay[(3.3 ± 1.6) d versus (3.7 ± 1.7) d],wound reddening,wound swelling,hemoglobins,white blood cells,neutrophils,or VAS scores postoperatively (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Drainage tube placement is not routinely necessary after internal fixation of simple fractures if surgical invasion is limited and hemostasis is adequate after intraoperative release of the tourniquet.

Objective To report the treatment of distal radius fractures with dorsal dislocation of Fernandez type Ⅳ by open reduction and internal fixation via a combined dorsal and volar approach.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 14 cases of fresh distal radius fracture with dorsal dislocation of Fernandez type Ⅳ which had been treated by open reduction and internal fixation via a combined dorsal and volar approach at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from July 2010 to June 2016.All the patients were male,with an average age of 38.4 years (from 27 to 52 years).The time from injury to surgery averaged 6.9 days (from 4 to 10 days).Their injury involved 5 left and 9 right wrists.Follow-up was performed at 1,2,3,6 and 12 months after operation when anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films were taken and functional exercise guidance was provided.At 6 and 12 months after operation,all the patients were evaluated using modified Garland-Werley scoring and Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE).Results The patients were followed up for an average of 19.4 months (from 15 to 26 months).Their fractures healed well.Their fracture healing time averaged 3.1 months (from 2 to 4 months).Their modified Garland-Werley scores at 6and 12 months after surgery were 8.9 points (from 6 to 13 points) and 7.3 points (from 4 to 11 points),respectively;their PRWE scores were 17.9 points (from 12 to 25 points) and 16.5 points (from 11 to 23 points),respectively.None of the patients was inflicted by infection,vascular injury or internal fixation failure.Conclusion The open reduction and internal fixation via a combined dorsal and volar approach can restore the stability of both the dorsal osseous structure of the distal radius and the volar ligament structure of the wrist,facilitating postoperative maintenance of the radiocarpal joint stability,improving the wrist function and leading to satisfactory outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the potential correlation between miR-223 level in leukocytes and platelet responses to clopidogrel in patients with coronary artery disease.Methods:A cohort of 188 outpatients,who conducted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and received dual antiplatelet therapy,were recruited.The patient's electronic health data were collected,and their blood samples were obtained for measurement of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced whole-blood platelet aggregation.Extreme cases ofplatelet responses to clopidogrel (ultra-vs.non-responder) were measured with miR-223-3p levels in leukocytes.Results:Both groups had similar miR-223-3p levels in leukocytes.There were no significant differences in other demographic and clinical data except for metrics of ADP-induced whole-blood platelet aggregation between the 2 group.Conclusion:MiR-223-3p in peripheral leukocytes is not associated with the altered platelet responses to clopidogrel in PCI outpatients.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of dezocine and nalbuphine on patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA) in patients undergoing cesarean section. METHODS:A total of 97 patients undergoing selective cesarean section were selected from our hospital during Jun. 2015 to Mar. 2017. They were divided into dezocine group(52 cases)and nalbuphine group(45 cases) according to lottery. Both groups received cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,and then given PCIA pump immediately after surgery. The pump of dezocine group was Dezocine injection 0.5 mg/kg+Tropisetron hydrochloride injection 10 mg;that of nalbuphine group was Nalbuphine hydrochloride injection 2 mg/kg+Tropisetron hydrochloride injection 10 mg. Both groups of analgesic drugs were diluted 100 mL with 0.9% sodium chloride injection,constant infusion of liquid medicine at rate of 2 mL/h,adding 0.5 mL additionally each time,for consecutive 48 h. VAS score and Ramsay sedation score of resting pain, dynamic pain and uterine contraction pain were performed in 2 groups 4,8,12,24,48 h after surgery. The serum levels of PRL were determined 30 min before surgery and 24,48 h after surgery. The initial time of lactation and ADR were recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS:VAS score of resting pain and uterine contraction pain at 4,8,12 h after operation and that of dynamic pain at 4,8,12, 24 h after operation were significantly lower in dezocine group than nalbuphine group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05). There was no statistical significance in VAS score between 2 groups at other time points(P＞0.05). As time went on,the VAS scores of the two groups decreased significantly at each time point,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). The serum levels of PRL in 2 groups 24 and 48 h after operation were significantly higher than 30 min before operation,with statistical significance(P＜0.05). There was no statistical significance in serum level of PRL between 2 groups at same time point(P＞0.05). There was no statistical significance in Ramsay score, initial time of lactation or the incidence of ADR between dezocine group and nalbuphine group (P＞0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both dezocine and nalbuphine are effective analgesia drugs of PCIA in patients undergoing cesarean section. Early postoperative analgesic effect of dezocine is superior to nalbuphine. They have similar effects on long-term analgesia and postoperative sedative,serum level of PRL,initial time of lactation,as well as safety.

Objective: To determine whether 3-dimentional CT scans is able to effectively improve the detection rate of AO B3 distal radius fractures in clinics.Methods: From Jan 2013 to Jan 2014, 30 patients with distal radius fractures were retrospectively enrolled in this study, all the patients directly visited the skeletal trauma emergency department in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital post injury and all of them accepted open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures at last.All the radiographic data including X ray films and 3-dimentional CT scans of these patients were collected.Two independent observers were required to make primary AO classifications for each fracture by X rays at first, then to make final AO classifications by 3-dimentional CT scans.Finally, the detection rates of CT scans and plain films for AO B3 distal radius fractures and B3.3 distal radius fractures were compared, the agreements of the two methods for diagnosing AO B3 and B3.3 fractures were calculated by Cohen''s Kappa calculations.Results: All the 30 fractures were confirmed to be AO B3 distal radius fractures intraoperatively, and 10 of them were B3.3 fractures.The results were completely consistent with the results of 3-dimensional CT scans.However, only 80%(24/30) AO B3 distal radius fractures and 60%(6/10) B3.3 distal radius fractures could be diagnosed only by X rays.The detection rate of CT scans was proved to be significantly higher than X rays for diagnosing B3 distal radius fractures(100% vs.80%,P<0.05), the detection rate of CT scans was also proved to be significantly higher than that of plain films for detecting B3.3 distal radius fractures(100% vs.60%,P<0.05).The agreement of 3-dimentional CT scans and X ray was poor for detecting both the AO B3 distal radius fracture and B3.3 distal radius fracture (kappa=0).Most importantly, in the study process, two special kinds of B3 distal radius fracture were initially found and described by us.One was named as radial B3 fracture, and the other was named as ulna B3 fracture.Conclusion: 3-dimentional CT scans can effectively improve the detection rate of B3 and B 3.3 distal radius fractures, and also help find two special kinds of B3 fractures.

Objective:To discuss the effect of treatment of complicated intra-articular distal radius fractures with extended flexor carpi radialis approach.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 38 cases with fresh complicated intra-articular distal radius fractures treated by using extended flexor carpi radialis approach in our hospital from October 2012 to March 2015,with 25 males and 13 females.The average age was (52.76±8.62) years (32-64 years).The average time to surgery was (5.42±1.91) d (3-10 d),with left wrist 17 cases and right wrist 21 cases.All the patients were with C3 distal radius fractures according to Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO/ASIF) classification.The follow-up was conducted 1,2,3,6,and 12 months after operation,including AP and lateral X-ray,wrist extension and flexion,radial deviation and ulnar deviation,forearm pronation and supination,and grip strength.At the end of 6 and 12 months after operation,all the patients were evaluated by using the mo-dified Garland-Werley score and patient rated wrist evaluation (PRWE).Results: All the patients got good bone union,and their follow-up time was more than 12 months.The average follow-up time was (16.37±2.85) months (12-22 months).The score of modified Garland-Werley evaluation 6 months post-operation was 5.37±2.82,excellent and good rate was 84.21％,the score of modified Garland-Werley evaluation 12 months post-operation was 5.03±2.60,excellent and good rate was 86.84％.The score of PRWE 6 months post-operation was 15.82±8.38,the score of PRWE 12 months post-operation was 12.17±7.58.Conclusion: The extended flexor carpi radialis approach is effective for the treatment of complicated intra-articular distal radius fractures and can avoid the complications of volar and dorsal combination approach.