ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Danggui Shaoyaosan on ferroptosis in the rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and explore the underlying mechanism based on the nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） signaling pathway. MethodsThe sixty SD rats were randomly grouped as follows： control， model， Yishanfu （0.144 g·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.44， 4.88， and 9.76 g·kg^-1， respectively） Danggui Shaoyaosan. A high-fat diet was used to establish the rat model of NAFLD. After 12 weeks of modeling， rats were treated with corresponding agents for 4 weeks. Then， the body weight and liver weight were measured， and the liver index was calculated. At the same time， serum and liver samples were collected. The levels or activities of total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and Fe²⁺ in the serum and TC， TG， free fatty acids （FFA）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GPX）， and Fe²⁺ in the liver were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and oil red O staining were employed to observe the pathological changes in the liver. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the reactive oxygen species （ROS） content in the liver. Mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The protein levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， GPX4， transferrin receptor 1 （TFR1）， and divalent metal transporter 1 （DMT1） in the liver were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed increases in the body weight， liver weight， liver index， levels or activities of TC， TG， ALT， AST， and Fe²⁺ in the serum， levels of TC， TG， FFA， MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS in the liver， and protein levels of TFR1 and DMT1 in the liver （P<0.01）， and decreases in the activities of SOD， GPX and the protein levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 in the liver （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Meanwhile， the liver tissue in the model group presented steatosis， iron deposition， mitochondrial shrinkage， and blurred or swollen mitochondrial cristae. Compared with the model group， all doses of Danggui Shaoyaosan reduced the body weight， liver weight， liver index， levels or activities of TC， TG， ALT， AST， and Fe²⁺ in the serum， levels of TC， TG， FFA， MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS in the liver， and protein levels of TFR1 and DMT1 in the liver （P<0.01）， while increasing the activities of SOD and GPX and the protein levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 in the liver （P<0.01）. Furthermore， Danggui Shaoyaosan alleviated steatosis， iron deposition， and mitochondrial damage in the liver. ConclusionDanggui Shaoyaosan may inhibit lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway to treat NAFLD.

Galectin-9 （Gal-9） is a member of the galectin family that can specifically recognize and bind to galactosides. Recent studies have shown that Gal-9 is highly expressed in the liver and can help to maintain intrahepatic immune homeostasis and perform biological functions in various liver diseases. This article reviews the immunomodulatory functions of Gal-9 and its role in different liver diseases. Studies have shown that Gal-9 has important biological functions in different liver diseases through multiple pathways. Research on the specific immunomodulatory mechanisms and functions of Gal-9 may help to discover the therapeutic role of Gal-9 in liver diseases.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) combined with bronchial blocker (BB) placement in thoracoscopic surgery.Methods:A randomized controlled study was conducted involving 60 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic surgery at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from November to December 2023. These patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II. They were divided into an observation group (BB placement) and a control group (double-lumen bronchial blocker placement) using the random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. Preoperatively, TPVB was performed under ultrasound guidance. After the induction of general anesthesia, a single-lumen tracheal tube was inserted, followed by the placement of a BB in the observation group, while a corresponding type of double-lumen bronchial tube was inserted in the control group. A fiberoptic bronchoscope was used for positioning and fixation in both groups, and anesthesia was maintained with intravenous anesthesia. The following parameters were assessed in each group: positioning time for intubation; number of cases with tube displacement; number of cases of postoperative pharyngeal pain; hemodynamic parameters [mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)] before and after intubation; and blood gas analysis [partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO 2)]. Additionally, the surgical field exposure score and the dosages of propofol and remifentanil administered during surgery were recorded. Levels of inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, and TNF-β] and Visual Analog Scale scores for pain at rest and during cough, recorded at 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively were compared between the two groups. Results:The total amounts of propofol [(569.7 ± 29.2) mg] and remifentanil [(289.3 ± 46.3) μg] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(612.6 ± 28.7) mg, (361.7 ± 40.6) μg, t = 5.74, 6.44, both P = 0.001]. The recovery time in the observation group [(31.8 ± 11.4) minutes] was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(37.5 ± 10.1) minutes, t = 2.10, P = 0.040]. There was no significant difference in positioning time for intubation between observation and control groups [(67 ± 13) seconds vs. (80 ± 36) seconds, t = 1.86, P = 0.068). There was no significant difference in percentage of cases who underwent tube displacement after intubation between observation and control group [23.3% (7/30) vs. 16.7% (5/30), χ2 = 0.58, P = 0.445]. The incidence of postoperative pharyngeal pain in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [10.0% (3/30) vs. 33.3% (10/30), χ2 = 5.02, P = 0.025). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of number of cases with tube displacement, hemodynamic parameters, blood gas analysis, inflammatory markers, surgical field exposure, and postoperative Visual Analog Scale scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided TPVB combined with BB placement during thoracoscopic surgery can reduce airway injury compared with the use of a double-lumen bronchial tube. It provides adequate sedation and analgesia during the procedure, facilitates rapid awakening, promotes early recovery of spontaneous breathing, and has fewer adverse reactions, making it worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of honey in preoperative bowel preparation for colonoscopy in hospitalized patients.Methods 87 patients from April 2022 to July 2022 and underwent preoperative bowel preparation for colonoscopy were selected as the research subjects.Convenience sampling was used to divide them into a control group(n=43)and an observation group(n=44).The control group received a conventional regimen of taking compound polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte powder(Heshuang),while the observation group added 20 mL of honey to the Heshuang solution.Compare the cleanliness of intestine,and palatability of the taste,the incidence of adverse reactions,satisfaction of patients,and the rate of willingness for prepeat bowel preparation between the two groups.Results The intestinal cleanliness of the two groups of patients was equivalent,the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The incidence and severity of nausea,abdominal bloating,hypoglycemia,and anal irritation in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The observation group had better taste,patients satisfaction,and the willingness for prepeat bowel preparation compared to the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Honey can improve the taste of Heshuang,reduce the severity of oral adverse reactions,increase patient satisfaction,and increase the rate of willingness for prepeat bowel preparation.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Background::Liver cancer remains the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, causing a heavy burden globally. An updated assessment of the global epidemiology of the liver cancer burden that addresses geographical disparities is necessary to better understand and promote healthcare delivery.Methods::Data were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database, including the number, crude, and age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality at the global, country, continent, and human development index (HDI) regional levels. Age-standardized rates (incidence and mortality) per 100,000 person-years were adjusted based on the Segi-Doll World standard population. The mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR) for each region and country were calculated. The HDI and gross national income (GNI) for 2022 were obtained, and a Pearson correlation analysis was conducted with the incidence, mortality, and MIR.Results::In 2022, approximately 866,136 new liver cancer cases and 758,725 related deaths were recorded worldwide, with a global MIR of 0.86. Males had a disproportionately higher burden than females across all levels, and the highest burden was observed in the elderly population. Geographically, the regions with the highest incidence rates included Micronesia, Eastern Asia, and Northern Africa, and the regions with the highest mortality rates included Northern Africa, Southeastern Asia, Eastern Asia, and Micronesia. Notably, Mongolia had a strikingly high burden compared to other countries. The highest MIR was observed in North America and the lowest in Africa. Negative associations of HDI and GNI with liver cancer mortality and MIR were identified, irrespective of sex.Conclusions::The current liver cancer burden underscores the presence of remarkable geographic heterogeneity, which is particularly evident across countries with varying HDI levels, highlighting the urgent need to prioritize health accessibility and availability to achieve health inequities.

The liver is easily affected by a variety of factors to induce liver damage, which can cause disorders in the synthesis, detoxification, metabolism, and biotransformation functions of the liver in severe cases, and at present, there is still a lack of efficient clinical treatment methods for end-stage liver diseases such as liver failure and decompensated liver cirrhosis. Recent studies have confirmed the clinical efficacy of stem cells, and treatment methods based on stem cell-derived exosomes have become a research hotspot. This article introduces the advantages of treatment based on stem cell-derived exosomes, the research advances in related mechanisms, and the current status of preclinical research. Current research findings suggest that treatment based on stem cell-derived exosomes has a good application prospect in the treatment of liver diseases, but it is still needed to conduct in-depth preclinical and clinical studies.

Accurate and efficient methods for identifying and tracking each animal in a group are needed to study complex behaviors and social interactions. Traditional tracking methods (e.g., marking each animal with dye or surgically implanting microchips) can be invasive and may have an impact on the social behavior being measured. To overcome these shortcomings, video-based methods for tracking unmarked animals, such as fruit flies and zebrafish, have been developed. However, tracking individual mice in a group remains a challenging problem because of their flexible body and complicated interaction patterns. In this study, we report the development of a multi-object tracker for mice that uses the Faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) deep learning algorithm with geometric transformations in combination with multi-camera/multi-image fusion technology. The system successfully tracked every individual in groups of unmarked mice and was applied to investigate chasing behavior. The proposed system constitutes a step forward in the noninvasive tracking of individual mice engaged in social behavior.
Animals ; Mice ; Deep Learning ; Zebrafish ; Algorithms ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Social Behavior

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( Mp) in children undergoing physical examination. Methods:This study randomly enrolled 1 303 children at the age of 6-12 years who underwent physical examination in 2023. Their oral and pharyngeal swabs as well as venous blood samples were collected. The prevalence of Mp in these subjects was detected using isolation and culturing, nucleic acid detection and serological test. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 1 303 children, the detection rate of Mp was 4.1% (53/1 303) by culturing, 7.3% (95/1 303) by nucleic acid detection and 13.6% (177/1 303) by serological test. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the the detection rates of Mp among children undergoing physical examination between the three methods ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The detection rate of Mp in children undergoing physical examination in 2023 was about 4.1%. Isolation and culturing was more accurate than nucleic acid detection and serological test in the detection of Mp in healthy population as the latter two methods would overestimate the rate.

Objective:To compare the clinical features, laboratory test results and imaging findings between cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( Mp) infection complicated by coagulation dysfunction and isolated Mp infection, and analyze the predictive value of related indicators for Mp infection with coagulation dysfunction. Methods:A total of 65 cases of Mp infection complicated by coagulation dysfunction (case group) and 92 cases of isolated Mp infection (control group) treated in the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics in 2021 were enrolled. Clinical data of the two groups were compared, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to analyze the predictive value of differential indicators to the case group. Results:There were no significant differences in the general clinical features or imaging findings between the case group and the control group. The levels of fibrinogen (FIB), D-Dimer, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), IgE, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and C-reactive protein (CRP), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), blood platelet count (PLT), neutrophil count, length of hospital stay, peak body temperature, and duration of cough and fever in the case group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The areas under ROC curves of LDH, CRP, peak body temperature, ADA, ALT, neutrophil count, AST and IgE for predicting Mp infection complicated by coagulation dysfunction were 0.855, 0.810, 0.730, 0.716, 0.692, 0.648, 0.631 and 0.603, respectively. The area under ROC curve of LDH, CRP and peak body temperature used in combination was 0.901. Conclusions:LDH, CRP, peak body temperature, ADA, ALT, neutrophil count, AST and IgE had predictive value for Mp infection complicated by coagulation dysfunction, among which LDH, CRP and peak body temperature had higher predictive value. LDH, CRP and peak body temperature used in combination had the highest diagnostic value (AUC=0.901).