Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Modified Lugen Formula(Phragmitis Rhizoma,Cicadae Periostracum,Batryticatus Bombyx,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Glycyrrhiza,Menthae Haplocalycis Herba,Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,Bupleuri Radix)in treating influenza from the virus-host interaction interface.Methods The phytocompounds were first collected from the HERB database,and then potential active compounds were screened out by Lipinski's rules of five.The targets of active compounds were further predicted through the SwissTargetPrediction platform.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were determined from the human H1N1 influenza dataset GSE90732 available in the Gene Expression Omnibus database(GEO).H1N1-Homo sapiens-related protein-protein interactions(PPIs)were gathered from the Pathogen-Host Interaction Search Tool(PHISTO).The above mentioned bioinformatic datasets were integrated.Then a PPI network and a Formula-virus-host interaction network were constructed using Cytoscape.Functional enrichment analyses were performed by using R software.Finally,molecular docking was carried out to evaluate the binding activities between the key compounds and targets.Results A total of 1 252 active compounds,1 415 targets,951 influenza-related DEGs,and 10 142 H1N1-Homo sapiens-related PPIs were obtained.There were 72 intersection targets between the Modified Lugen Formula and influenza.Functional enrichment analyses showed that these targets are closely related to host defense and programmed cell death.The network topological analysis showed that active compounds in the Modified Lugen Formula,such as oleanolic acid,γ-undecalactone,and longispinogenin,regulate viral proteins M2,NA,NS1,and HA and/or the host factors HSP90AA1,NRAS,and ITGB1,thus exert therapeutic effect.Molecular docking results confirmed that these compounds had a good binding ability with the targets.Conclusion Multiple active ingredients in Modified Lugen Formula directly target influenza virus proteins and/or host factors,thereby play an anti-influenza role in multiple dimensions,including inhibiting virus replication,regulating host defense and cell death.This study provides a theoretical basis for further experimental analysis of the action mechanism of the Modified Lugen Formula in treating influenza.

Background A number of studies have shown that heavy metals in atmospheric PM_2.5 have impacts on human health, while studies on the impact of long-term and low-concentration exposure to lead in PM_2.5 on human health are limited. Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of lead in ambient PM_2.5 and assess its chronic health risks. Methods Daily PM_2.5 concentration data in Jinan from 2014 to 2019 were collected, and the year-by-year trend of PM_2.5 concentration was analyzed. Licheng District (an industrial area) and Shizhong District (a residential area) were elected to install an ambient PM_2.5 monitoring stationrespectively. The sampling instrument was a 100 L·min⁻¹ high-flow PM_2.5 sampler, with a cumulative sampling time of 20-24 h per day, using a quartz fiber filter membrane for lead detection and a glass fiber filter membrane for PM_2.5 determination. The sampling frequency was 7 consecutive days per month from the 10^th to the 16^th (A total of 493 d were sampled and some were missing; 172 d during the heating period and 321 d during the non-heating period). Two PM_2.5 samples were collected in one monitoring site each day. A total of 986 samples were collected in one monitoring site. The lead content in PM_2.5 samples was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentration of PM_2.5 was measured by weighing method. The annual average concentration and enrichment factor of lead in PM_2.5, the change trend of lead content per unit mass of PM_2.5, and the difference between heating period and non-heating period from 2014 to 2019 were estimated. Technical guide for environment health risk assessment of chemical exposure (WS/T 777-2021) was used to assess the health risks of exposure to lead in PM_2.5. Results The average annual concentration of lead in PM_2.5 ranged from 23.2 ng·m⁻³ to 154.7 ng·m⁻³. The average concentration in heating period from 2015 to 2019 was higher than that in non-heating period, and the differences in 2015, 2017, and 2019 were statistically significant (P < 0.01 or 0.001). The enrichment factors ranged from 200 to 1342 in 2014 to 2019. The average enrichment factors in heating period in 2015, 2017, and 2018 was higher than those in non-heating period, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05 or 0.001). The lead contents per unit mass of PM_2.5 ranged from 493 ng·mg⁻¹ to 1944 ng·mg⁻¹, and the differences between heating period and non-heating period in 2014, 2017, and 2018 were statistically significant (P < 0.05 or 0.001). The average annual concentration and enrichment factor of lead in PM_2.5 showed a downward trend, and thus the lead content per unit mass of PM_2.5 also decreased. From 2014 to 2019, the carcinogenic risk of lead in PM_2.5 in Jinan ranged from 1.69×10⁻⁸ to 2.45×10⁻⁶, showing a significant downward trend year by year, and the 95^th percentile decreased by 3%-46% from the previous year. The carcinogenic risk level of lead was reduced to an acceptable level (<1×10⁻⁶) after 2017. Conclusion From 2015 to 2019, lead concentration and enrichment factor in PM_2.5 increase during heating period compared with non-heating period, but it is not completely consistent of lead content in PM_2.5 per unit mass. From 2014 to 2016, exposure to lead in PM_2.5 may elevate carcinogenic risk to human. After 2017, the carcinogenic risks of exposure to lead in PM_2.5 are at an acceptable level.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of left parapharyngeal pressure (PLP) combined with cricoid pressure in preventing gastric insufflation during positive pressure ventilation by facemask.Methods:Two hundred and forty patients of both sexes, aged 18-75 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing surgery under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation, were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=60 each) using a random number table method: cricoid pressure group (group CP), left PLP group (group LP), cricoid pressure combined with left PLP7 group (group CP+ LP), and control group (group C). The gastric antrum cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured by ultrasound in all the patients before induction of anesthesia, and facemask ventilation in pressure-controlled mode with suction pressure of 25 cmH 2O was applied, the patients in 4 groups were treated with different manipulations, and 3 min later the CSA of gastric antrum was measured again.The gastric antrum CSA before and after ventilation and the difference were recorded.The occurrence of gastric insufflation was examined by ultrasound after ventilation. Results:Compared with the baseline before ventilation, the CSA of gastric antrum was increased after ventilation in C, CP and LP groups ( P<0.01), and no significant change was found in the CSA after ventilation in CP+ LP group ( P>0.05). The difference of gastric antrum CSA was decreased in turn in C, CP, LP and CP+ LP groups ( P<0.05 or 0.01). The incidence of gastric insufflation were 53%, 30%, 12% and 0 in C, CP, LP and CP+ LP groups, respectively.Compared with group C, the incidence of gastric insufflation was significantly decreased in LP and CP+ LP groups ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in group CP ( P>0.05). Compared with group CP, the incidence of gastric insufflation was significantly decreased in group CP+ LP ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in group LP ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The combination of left PLP and cricoid pressure can effectively prevent gastric insufflation during positive pressure ventilation by facemask.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging science and technology that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies, and application systems for simulating and expanding human intelligence. AI has made great breakthroughs in the field of intelligent medicine, and has shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity, and other fundus diseases. A number of clinical trials on the application of AI technologies to DR screening have been carried out in the domestic and overseas, which not only have a high accuracy rate, but also save doctors' reading time and reduce the burden of society, medical work and patients. However, due to the lack of evaluation system for DR intelligent diagnosis technology, the accuracy of AI system still lacks of big data verification. Secondly, most of the color fundus photographs are taken in the posterior 45°, which only show the most vulnerable areas, making some lesions undetectable. In addition, the current DR screening system has not yet been applied to the clinic, most of which are in the stage of prospective research and trials. There are still many obstacles from the environment to the hospital or the clinic. Doctors cannot use real patient data to evaluate the AI system, so it is not popular in clinical practice. In the future, DR screening algorithms and diagnostic models can be further improved and established to make DR AI screening more accurate.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the new investigational drug pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 µg/week) combined with ribavirin in the treatment of patients with genotype 1/6 chronic hepatitis C (CHC), with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a combined with ribavirin as a positive control. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial was performed. Eligible patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were screened out and randomly divided into Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40kD) group and Peg-IFN-α-2a group at a ratio of 2:1. The patients in both groups were given oral ribavirin for 48 weeks in addition and then followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II was used to determine HCV genotype, and Cobas TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure HCV RNA level at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 weeks. Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR), and a non-inferiority test was also performed. Results: A total of 561 patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were enrolled, among whom 529 received treatment; 90.9% of these patients had genotype 1 CHC. The data of the full analysis set showed that SVR rate was 69.80% (95% CI 65.00%-74.60%) in the trial group and 74.16% (95% CI 67.73%-80.59%) in the control group (P = 0.297 0). The data of the per protocol set (PPS) showed that SVR rate was 80.63% (95% CI 76.04%-85.23%) in the trial group and 81.33% (95% CI 75.10%-87.57%) in the control group (P = 0.849 8), and the 95% CI of rate difference conformed to the non-inferiority standard. The analysis of the PPS population showed that of all subjects, 47.9% achieved rapid virologic response, with a positive predictive value of 93.8%. The incidence rate of adverse events was 96.30% in the trial group and 94.94% in the control group, and the incidence rate of serious adverse events was 5.13% in the trail group and 5.06% in the control group. Conclusion In the regimen of Peg-IFN-α combined with ribavirin for the treatment of genotype 1/6 CHC, the new investigational drug Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable clinical effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.

Objective To compare hemostatic effect of bilateral uterine artery superior branch ligation and gauze intrauterine filling two methods for the placenta previa cesarean section bleeding.Methods 100 patients with bleeding in cesarean section were randomly divided into observation group (50 cases) and control group (50 cases).The patients in the observation group were treated with bilateral uterine artery ascending branch,and the control group was treated with gauze.The number of blood transfusion,the time of operation,the amount of bleeding,the time of hemostasis,the number of hysterectomy and the occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The success rate of hemostasis in the observation group (98.0％) was higher than that in the control group (86.0％),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.891,P ＜ 0.05).The bleeding volume and hemostasis time were (577.8 ± 55.9) mL,(19.2 ± 10.2)min,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t =2.50,3.25,all P ＜ 0.05).The operation time between the two groups had no significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The transfusion rate and incidence rate of complications in the observation group were 8.0％ and 6.0％,which were significantly lower than those in the control group (22.0％,20.0％),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =3.843,4.332,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The use of bilateral uterine artery esophageal branching in the placenta previa is effective in controlling bleeding,it has rapid bleeding and low incidence of complications,and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the effects of shikonin on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and amelioration of bone loss in ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis in mouse model.Methods:The optimal concentration of shikonin treating were evaluated in vitro depending on its effect on the viability of C57BL/6J mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages by CCK-8 method.To establish the osteoclastogenesis cell model,macrophages were cultured with RANKL and M-CSF treatment,and TRAP staining was used to observe the generation of osteoclasts after treating with different concentration of shikonin solution.Expressions of osteoclast marker genes,including TRAP,c-Fos and NFATclwere detected with real-time PCR.Fifthteen mice were randomly allocated into sham operation group,ovariectomized model group and shikonin treatment group.After the modeling,mice in treatment group were received the intraperitoneal injection of shikonin,while the other two groups treated with normal saline.After thirty days treatments,all animals' tibias were dissected for micro-CT analysis.Results:①The macrophages viability was significantly inhibited when the concentration of shikonin was higher than 250 nmol/(P＜0.01).②The osteoclastogenesis was significantly suppressed by differemt dose of shikonin(P＜0.01).③ The expression of the osteoclastic marker genes (TRAP,c-Fos and NFATc 1) were suppressed by addition of shikonin comparing to control group (P＜0.01).④ Shikonin effectively prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Shikonin suppresses osteoclastogenesis in vitro and ameliorates ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis in mouse model.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical performance of CAD/CAM zirconia all-ceramic restorations.Methods:287 all-ce-ramic Zirconia restorations in 206 patients were included in a 3-year prospectively survey with California Dental Association Standard (CDA)as a reference.The effects and the related factors such as restoration type,tooth region,fiber reinforced composite application on survival rate were analyzed.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-Rank test were used for data analysis.Results:Chipping frac-tures in 5 restorations,intense gingivitis at 4 restorations and periapical inflammation for 3 restorations were observed during the obser-vation period.The 3-year cumulative survival rate (CSR)of CAD/CAMzirconia restorations was 95.7%,The differences among the CSR of single crowns(96.3%),linked crowns (93.6%)and fixed partial dentures(95.7%)were not statistically significant(P >0.05).The difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05)between the CSR of the anterior region group(94.5%)and posterior region group(96.3%)as well as difference(P >0.05)between the CSR of fiber reinforced composite group (95.0%)and without fiber reinforced composite group(96.1%).Conclusion:The cumulative survival rate of CAD/CAM zirconia all-ceramic restorations is high.Chipping fracture is the main reason of failure.Restoration type,tooth region and fiber reinforced composite have no significant effect on the survival of zirconia restorations.

Objective To determine the efficiency and safety of Phloroglucinol and Misoprostol for cervix pretreat-ment before diagnostic hysteroscopy. Methods Trials were located through electronic searches of the PubMed, MED-LINE, Springer, CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang Data (from the date of establishment of the databases to June 2015). Bibliographies of the retrieved articles were also checked. Result A total of 18 trials involving 2 341 patients were included. The Meta-analysis showed: application of Phloroglucinol lenovo better open and dilate the cervix [O? =2.95, 95 % CI (1.96, 4.45), = 0.000]; To better clarity of the operative field [ O? = 9.50, 95 % CI (6.46, 13.98), = 0.000]; To better shorten the operation time [O? =-4.12, 95 % CI (-5.75,-2.49), =0.000];To bet-ter able to reduce the amount of intraoperative leakage [ O? =0.22, 95%CI (0.10, 0.49), = 0.0002]; and postop-erative adverse reactions should be significantly lower than Misoprostol [ O? = 0.01, 95 % CI (0.00, 0.04), =0.000]. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusions Phloroglucinol is more effective and safer than Miso-prostol in inducing proper cervical priming and may be the optimal choice for cervical pretreatment before diagnostic hysteroscopy.

Studying effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) with different intensities on peak bone mass (PBM) of rats may provide a theoretical basis for application of electromagnetic clinical field. 30 female SD rats, 6 weeks of age, were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, 0.1 mT electromagnetic field group (EMFs) and 0.6 mT EMFs. The EMFs groups were treated for 3 h/day. After 8 weeks, we examined their bone mineral densities (BMD) , measured their bone biomechanical properties, and made serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), and histomorphometry. It was found that the BMD (P < 0.01), maximum mechanical load (P < 0.01) in the 0.1 mT group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and Yield strength (P < 0.05), the analyses of serum bone turnover markers and histomorphometric parameters were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, the 0.6 mT group did not have significantly difference comparing with that in the control group. This study proved that 50 Hz 0.1 mT SEMFs can increased BMD, bone strength, and bone tissue microstructure. Therefore, 50 Hz 0.1 mT SEMFs can improve peak bone mass of rats.
Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; physiology ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Female ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase