Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a highly aggressive type of liver cancer, and traditional hepatectomy has shown limited efficacy. Recently, liver transplantation has garnered attention as a potential therapeutic option. The criteria for selecting patients for liver transplantation have been a focal point of research. For early-stage patients, liver transplantation can offer favorable survival rates; however, for those with advanced or locally advanced cases that are not amenable to conventional resection, the efficacy of liver transplantation remains to be further validated. Given the scarcity of donors, living donor liver transplantation and extended criteria donor liver transplantation are gradually being applied to patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Additionally, the advent of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies has brought hope to some advanced or conventionally unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients who undergo liver transplantation. Particularly, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors may serve as a bridging or adjunct therapy for liver transplantation in the future. The development and exploration of autologous and xenogeneic liver transplantation have introduced new perspectives. This paper provides a review of the current status and progress of liver transplantation in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on relevant literature.

Objective:To explore the spatial support capacity and its influence in osteogenic effect of composite biofilm based on poly(propylene carbonate)(PPC)/poly(butylene succinate)(PBS)in rabbit tibial bone defect models,and to clarify its barrier functional reliability and osteogenetic effect in vivo.Methods:The composite biofilms of PPC/PBS and PPC/PBS/collegen type Ⅰ(Col-Ⅰ)(PPC/PBS/Co)were prepared.Eighteen Japanese big-ear rabbits were selected and two bone defects were prepared on each side of the tibia of the rabbits.Six rabbits were randomly selected to place PPC/PBS composite biofilm on the bone defects,2 rabbits were executed at 2,4,8 and 12 weeks after operation,and the surface microstructures of PPC/PBS composite biofilm in the rabhit bone defect area were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The experiment was divided into blank control group,PPC/PBS composite biofilm group,BME-10X collagen membrane group,and PPC/PBS/Co composite biofilm group.The above biofilms were placed on the corresponding bone defects of rabbits by operation,while no biofilm was placed in the rabbits in blank control group.Three rabbits were killed at 2,4,8 and 12 weeks after operation respectively,and the gray values of regenerated bone in the bone defect areas of the rabbits in varrous groups were detected by soft X-ray;the fluorescence intensities of regenerated bone tissue in the bone defect areas of the rabbits in various groups were observed by laser scanning confocal microscope after fluorescence labeling.The pathomorphology of regenerated bone tissue in the bone defect areas of the rabbits in various groups were observed by HE staining and modified Gomori staining,and the expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)and osteopontin(OPN)in the regenerated bone tissue in bone defect areas of the rabbits in various groups were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results:In general,the PPC/PBS composite biofilm was tightly covered in the bone defect area without displacement and collapse.The SEM results showed that the porous surface of PPC/PBS composite biofilm appeared micropore structure and the number of micropores was increased with the prolongation of time,while the smooth surface of biofilm basically did not form the micropore-like structure.The results of soft X-ray detection showed that the gray values of regenerated bone tissue in bone defect areas of the rabbits in various groups were increased with the prolongation of time,and the gray value of regenerated bone tissue in bone defect areas of the rabbits in PPC/PBS/Co composite biofilm group was significantly higher than those in other groups(P＜0.05).The confocal micrscope results showed that the fluorescence intensity of regenerated bone tissue in bone defect areas of the rabbits in PPC/PBS/Co composite biofilm group was similar to those in blank control group at 4,8,and 12 weeks;compared with PPC/PBS composite biofilm group and BME-10X collagen membrane group,the fluoresence intensity of regenerated bone tissue in bone defect areas of the rabbits in PPC/PB/Co composite biofilm group at 4 weeks was increased(P＜0.05),and the fluoresence intensity of regenerated bone tissue in bone defect areas of the rabbits at 8 and 12 weeks were decreased(P＜0.05).The results of HE staining and modified Gomori staining showed that compared with PPC/PBS composite biofilm group and BME-10X collagen membrane group,the new bone formed faster in PPC/PBS/Co composite biofilm group and blank control group at 2 and 4 weeks,and the lamellar bone mineralization was higher at 12 weeks.The immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with blank control group,PPC/PBS composite biofilm group and BME-10X collagen membrane group,the expression levels of BMP-2 and OPN proteins in the regenerated bone tissue in bone defect areas of the rabbits in PPC/PBS/Co composite biofilm group at 2 and 4 weeks were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);compared with blank control group and PPC/PBS composite biofilm group,the expression levels of BMP-2 and OPN proteins in the regenerated bone tissue in bone defect areas of the rabbits in BME-10X collage membrane group were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:PPC/PBS composite biofilm has excellent spatial support capacity and reliable physical barrier function.The PPC/PBS/Co composite biofilm has a good effect in guiding bone regeneration in vivo.

Objective: To investigate the changes of plasma protein expression profile in hyperhomocysteinemia rats and the protective effect of highly expressed angiopoietin 1 in plasma on endothelial cells. Methods: The hyperhomocysteinemia animal model was established. The difference in plasma protein content was analyzed by label-free protein spectroscopy. The effects of homocysteine and angiopoietin 1 on endothelial cell migration and proliferation were detected by wound healing and CCK-8 proliferation assay. Results: The results of protein profiling showed that 5 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 17 proteins were significantly down-regulated in the plasma of hyperhomocysteinemia rats, among which angiopoietin 1 was significantly up-regulated. In endothelial cells in the superior mesenteric artery of rats, treatment with 30 or 50 μmol/L homocysteine for 24 h significantly inhibited the migration and proliferation. Angiopoietin 1(600 ng/ml) significantly reduced the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells inhibited by 30 μmol/L homocysteine, but had no significant effect on the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells inhibited by 50 μmol/L homocysteine. Conclusion Hyperhomocysteinemia can significantly affect the protein expression profile in plasma. Angiopoietin 1 in plasma can compensate for the damage of vascular endothelial migration and proliferation function caused by homocysteine in a certain concentration range.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of hepatic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma,and to explore the diagnosis and treatment strategies of hepatic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.Methods A retrospectively analysis on 13 patients with liver lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,between March 2005 and May 2019 were carried out.Results 8 cases were male,5 were female,median age was 45years (27 to 68 y).There were 8 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocytic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma,4cases of hepatocytic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma,and 1 case of mixed hepatocytic and cholangiocytic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.All patients received partial hepatectomy and postoperative comprehensive treatment.The patients were followed from 6 months to 7 years.Only one patient died,and the other patients were all in a tumor-free state.Conclusion Primary hepatic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is a rare liver cancer.It is confirmed mainly by pathological examination and immunohistochemistry.With surgery as the main treatment,prognosis is usually fair.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of adult patients with residual yolk duct,and to explore the diagnosis and treatment strategy of residual vitelline duct in adults.Methods A retrospective analysis on 11 adult cases with residual vitelline duct in our hospital between June 2012 and May 2017 was carried out.Results 8 cases were males,3 cases were females,and median age was 50 years (18-57 y).2 cases were vitelline cyst,9 cases were Meckel diverticulum.2 cases were with ectopic tissue,3 cases with ulcer bleeding,1 case with secondary intra-abdominal hernia and intestinal obstruction,2 cases with secondary infection.The pathological diagnosis of Meckel diverticulum was consistent with preoperative diagnosis.There were no major postoperative complications.The patients were followed up from 6 months to 2 years.Conclusion Most of the residual vitelline duct in adults are Meckel diverticulum and vitelline duct cyst.Resection of residual vitelline duct is the main treatment method.

Objective To investigate the effect of sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB) in modulating docetaxel resistance in human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Methods A PC3/docetaxel-resistant human prostate cancer cell line PC3/DTX was induced and examined for proliferation, viability, and cell inhibition rate in the presence of SPB. The concentration of concentration of docetaxel required to kill 50%of PC3/DTX cells incubated with 0, 1, 2, and 4 mmol/L SPB was determined using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis rate was analyzed with flow cytometry and the cellular expressions of p21, cyclin D1 and survivin proteins were detected using Western blotting. Results Treatment of PC3/DTX cells with 0, 1, 2, and 4 mmol/L of SPB for 48 h resulted in cell viabilities of (99.85±2.69)%, (84.68±3.87)%, (68.65±4.54)%and (43.54±5.69)%, and cell inhibition rates of (10.69±3.65)%, (25.78± 4.58)%, (54.68±3.98)%and (69.84±6.54)%, respectively (P<0.05). The concentration of docetaxel required to kill 50%of PC3/DTX cells cultured in the presence of with 0, 1, 2, and 4 mmol/L SPB was 135.98±2.69, 109.65±3.87, 87.65±3.84 and 64.62±2.98 nmol/L, respectively (P<0.05), and the cell apoptosis rates were (7.2±0.8)%, (10.2±0.9)%, (19.8±2.1)%and (27.4±2.5)%, respectively. SPB treatment promoted the protein expression of p21 and suppressed the expressions of cyclin D1 and survivin in PC3/DTX cells. Conclusion SPB can affect the expressions of p21, cyclin D1, and survivin in PC3/DTX cells and increase the sensitivity to the drug-resistant cells to docetaxel.

Objective To investigate the effect of sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB) in modulating docetaxel resistance in human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Methods A PC3/docetaxel-resistant human prostate cancer cell line PC3/DTX was induced and examined for proliferation, viability, and cell inhibition rate in the presence of SPB. The concentration of concentration of docetaxel required to kill 50%of PC3/DTX cells incubated with 0, 1, 2, and 4 mmol/L SPB was determined using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis rate was analyzed with flow cytometry and the cellular expressions of p21, cyclin D1 and survivin proteins were detected using Western blotting. Results Treatment of PC3/DTX cells with 0, 1, 2, and 4 mmol/L of SPB for 48 h resulted in cell viabilities of (99.85±2.69)%, (84.68±3.87)%, (68.65±4.54)%and (43.54±5.69)%, and cell inhibition rates of (10.69±3.65)%, (25.78± 4.58)%, (54.68±3.98)%and (69.84±6.54)%, respectively (P<0.05). The concentration of docetaxel required to kill 50%of PC3/DTX cells cultured in the presence of with 0, 1, 2, and 4 mmol/L SPB was 135.98±2.69, 109.65±3.87, 87.65±3.84 and 64.62±2.98 nmol/L, respectively (P<0.05), and the cell apoptosis rates were (7.2±0.8)%, (10.2±0.9)%, (19.8±2.1)%and (27.4±2.5)%, respectively. SPB treatment promoted the protein expression of p21 and suppressed the expressions of cyclin D1 and survivin in PC3/DTX cells. Conclusion SPB can affect the expressions of p21, cyclin D1, and survivin in PC3/DTX cells and increase the sensitivity to the drug-resistant cells to docetaxel.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of stable knockdown of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells.

METHODSLentivirus expressing DNMT3b siRNA or the negative control siRNA was infected in human bladder cancer BIU-87 cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The inhibitory effect of DNMT3b knockdown on xenograft tumors in nude mice was observed. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were carried out to investigate the expression level of cell apoptosis related genes. Methylation specific PCR was used to examine the methylation in the promoter region of the cell apoptosis related genes.

RESULTSThe results of real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that DNMT3b mRNA and protein level were stably knocked down in BIU-87 cells. Stable DNMT3b knockdown suppressed BIU-87 cell growth and the tumor formation ability of the cells in nude mice. DNMT3b knockdown promoted the apoptosis of BIU-87 cells, increased the mRNA and protein expression of the cell growth and apoptosis related genes including DAPK, Bax and RASSF1A, and significantly decreased the methylation of these genes.

CONCLUSIONStable DNMT3b knockdown can affect the methylation of the cell growth and apoptosis related genes to regulate their expression, which might be a possible mechanism for suppressed cell growth and enhanced apoptosis of BIU-87 cells.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; genetics ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of maximum diameter in axial plane of primary tumor (MDAPPT) on MRI in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods From 2005 to 2007,333 patients with newly diagnosed and biopsy-proven NPC without distant metastasis,who underwent MRI scans of the nasopharynx and neck,were included in our study.MDAPPT was measured on MRI.The univariate analysis with the log-rank test and multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the relationship between MDAPPT and prognosis.Results The median values of MDAPPT in patients with T1,T2,T3,and T4 NPC were 21.2,30.0,38.0,and 52.3 mm,respectively.For all patients with a MDAPPT of ≤30 mm,＞ 30-50 mm,and ＞ 50 mm,the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 81.3％,70.1％,and 51.5％,respectively (P =0.000) ; the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 81.3％,70.0％,and 48.9％,respectively (P =0.000) ;the 5-year distant metastasisfree survival (DMFS) rates were 85.5 ％,86.5 ％,and 67.2 ％,respectively (P =0.000) ; the 5-year local relapse-free survival (LRFS) rates were 97.7％,91.5％,and 83.3％,respectively (P =0.013).The multivariate analysis showed that MDAPPT was a prognostic factor for PFS and DMFS.For the T3-T4 patients with a MDAPPT of ≤50 mm and ＞50 mm,the 5-year OS rates were 69.4％ and 52.2％ (P =0.004),the 5-year PFS rates were 68.0％ and 49.6％ (P =0.001),and the 5-year DMFS rates were 84.0％ and 66.8％ (P=0.001).In the patients with a MDAPPT ≤30 mm,the 5-year LRFS rates for those with T1,T2,T3,and T4 NPC were 10 0 ％,9 5.8 ％,9 6.3 ％,and 10 0 ％,respectively (P =0.6 4 3).Conclusions MDAPPT is a prognostic factor for PFS and DMFS in NPC,and it is an important prognostic factor in patients with T3-T4 NPC.In the NPC patients with a small MDAPPT,local control rate varies little in different T stages.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of CD33⁺ HLA-DR⁻ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the peripheral blood of patients with renal carcinoma and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of renal cancer.

METHODSForty-four patients with renal carcinoma treated in our hospital between June, 2011 and October, 2012 and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry was performed to detect CD33⁺ HLA-DR⁻ MDSCs in the peripheral blood, and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of the patients were analyzed.

RESULTSThe positivity rate of CD33⁺ HLA-DR⁻ MDSCs in the peripheral blood was significantly higher in the cancer patients than in the healthy controls [(1.91 ± 0.66)% vs (0.62 ± 0.22)%, P<0.001]. The expression levels of CD33⁺ HLA-DR⁻ MDSCs in patients with renal carcinoma showed significant differences between stage I+II [(1.46 ± 0.44)%] and stage III [(2.04 ± 0.35)%] patients (P<0.01) and between stage III and stage IV patients [(2.50 ± 0.64)%] (P<0.05), but did not differ significantly in respect of age or gender.

CONCLUSIONCD33⁺ HLA-DR⁻ MDSCs expression in the peripheral blood is associated with tumor stage and differentiation in renal carcinoma and may play an important role in predicting the prognosis and tumor immunology of renal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; HLA-DR Antigens ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Kidney Neoplasms ; blood ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myeloid Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3 ; metabolism ; Young Adult