BACKGROUND:Eucommia ulmoides has a certain osteogenic effect,which can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.However,it is unclear whether Eucommia ulmoides has effects on alveolar bone formation and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which Eucommia ulmoides promotes alveolar bone formation in ovariectomized rats based on the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. METHODS:Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups:blank control group,sham-operation group,model group,low-dose group Eucommia ulmoides group,and high-dose Eucommia ulmoides group,with twelve rats in each group.Osteoporosis animal models were constructed by bilateral oophorectomy in the model group and the low-dose and high-dose Eucommia ulmoides groups.The sham-operation group underwent the same method to remove adipose tissue of equal mass around the bilateral ovaries.Three months after surgery,the low-and high-dose Eucommia ulmoides groups were given 2.1 g/kg/d and 4.2 g/kg/d Eucommia ulmoides by gavage,respectively.The sham-operation group and model group were given the same amount of physiological saline by gavage.After 12 weeks of drug intervention,the changes in alveolar bone mass of rats in each group were observed through Micro-CT;hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological structural changes of alveolar bone in rats;enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the serum of rats;western blot was used to detect the expression levels of β-Catenin and Frizzled9 receptor proteins in the alveolar bone of rats;and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of osteocalcin,Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2),alkaline phosphatase,β-catenin,and frizzled9 mRNAs in alveolar bone tissues of rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group,bone volume fraction,trabecular number,trabecular thickness,and bone mineral density were reduced in the model group(P＜0.05),and trabecular separation was elevated(P＜0.05).Pathological observation showed that the arrangement of trabeculae was disordered and irregular,the trabeculae were thinned or broken,and the marrow cavity was enlarged in the model group,with a significant reduction in bone volume;the level of alkaline phosphatase in the serum was increased(P＜0.05),and the level of osteocalcin was decreased(P＜0.05);mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,Runx2,β-catenin,and frizzled9 were decreased(P＜0.05);protein expression of β-Catenin and Frizzled9 was decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the low-and high-dose Eucommia ulmoides groups showed an increase in bone volume fraction,trabecular number,trabecular thickness,and bone mineral density(P＜0.05)and a decrease in trabecular separation(P＜0.05).In the low-and high-dose Eucommia ulmoides groups,bone trabeculae were slightly aligned and thickened,with a significant increase in bone mass.Compared with the model group,the serum level of alkaline phosphatase was reduced(P＜0.05)and the serum level of osteocalcin was elevated(P＜0.05)in the low-and high-dose Eucommia ulmoides groups.Compared with the model group,the mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,Runx2,β-catenin,and frizzled9 were increased in the low-and high-dose Eucommia ulmoides groups(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the protein expression of Frizzled9 was increased in the low-dose Eucommia ulmoides group(P＜0.05),while the protein expression of β-Catenin and Frizzled9 was increased in the high-dose Eucommia ulmoides group(P＜0.05).Compared with the low-dose Eucommia ulmoides group,the high-dose Eucommia ulmoides group had a more significant improvement in the above indexes.To conclude,Eucommia ulmoides can effectively promote the alveolar bone formation,and its mechanism of action might be related to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo clarify the neuroprotective effect of black Panacis Quinquefolii Radix（PQR） and explore its active ingredients， with the aim of establishing an activity-oriented quality evaluation method. MethodsTransgenic Tg（HuC∶EGFP） zebrafish was used to establish a neuronal injury model by aluminum chloride immersion. Different doses（10， 20 mg·L^-1） of PQR and black PQR ethanol extracts were administered. The neuroprotective effects of PQR and black PQR were compared by analyzing the fluorescent area and intensity of zebrafish neurons. Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， a fingerprint profile of black PQR was established， followed by principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）. Differential components were screened using the criteria of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05. The neuroprotective activity of 14 batches of black PQR was assessed， and Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify saponins related to neuroprotective activity， which were then validated. Based on the above results， active marker components were determined， and an UPLC method was established for their quantitation with clear content limits. ResultsPharmacological efficacy results showed that both PQR and black PQR at different doses could significantly improved neuronal damage in zebrafish. At a dose of 20 mg·L^-1， black PQR demonstrated superior efficacy（P<0.05）. The fingerprint similarities of 14 batches of black PQR were>0.94， with 26 common peaks identified. Through comparison with the reference standards， 8 components were confirmed， including peak 1（ginsenoside Rg₁）， peak 2（ginsenoside Re）， peak 5（ginsenoside Rb₁）， peak 9（ginsenoside Rd）， peak 16［ginsenoside 20（S）-Rg₃］， peak 17［ginsenoside 20（R）-Rg₃］， peak 18（ginsenoside Rk₁）， and peak 19（ginsenoside Rg₅）. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA indicated that there were differences in saponins among black PQR samples from different origins， and 12 differential components were screened. All 14 batches of black PQR exhibited good protective effects on zebrafish neurons， with Shaanxi-produced black PQR showing superior protective effects compared to the other three production regions. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that a total of 11 components， including ginsenosides 20（S）-Rg₃， 20（R）-Rg₃， Rk₁ and Rg₅， showed a significant positive correlation with the neuroprotective effect in zebrafish（P<0.05）. The activity validation results indicated that ginsenosides 20（S）-Rg₃， 20（R）-Rg₃， Rk₁ and Rg₅ were the primary components responsible for the neuroprotective effects of black PQR. Quantitative analysis showed that the content of ginsenoside 20（S）-Rg₃ in 14 batches of black PQR ranged from 0.17% to 0.52%， and the repair rate of neuronal damage ranged from 42.77% to 97.83%. ConclusionBased on the fingerprint and neuronal protective activity， the spectrum-effect related quality control model of black PQR was established， with ginsenoside 20（S）-Rg₃ as the quality control index， and the neuronal damage repair rate≥60% as the evaluation standard， the minimum limit of ginsenoside 20（S）-Rg₃ in black PQR should be≥0.20%.

ObjectiveTo assess the quality consistency of black Panacis Quinquefolii Radix（bPQR） decoction pieces prepared by atmospheric and pressurized steaming processes based on chromaticity-chemical composition-vasoactive inhibition. The ultimate goal was to screen the pressurized steaming process yielding quality equivalent to atmospheric steaming， and optimize the processing technology of bPQR. MethodsThe bPQR decoction pieces were prepared using both atmospheric and pressurized steaming processes， and the chromaticity values［lightness value（L^*）， red/green chromaticity value（a^*）， yellow/blue chromaticity value（b^*）， total chromaticity value（E^*ab）］ were measured. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed to establish fingerprint profiles for the decoction pieces， and cluster analysis was conducted on chromaticity values and the common peak areas in fingerprint profiles to elucidate the quality relationships between the decoction pieces processed by different methods. The optimal atmospheric steaming of bPQR decoction pieces was determined through zebrafish angiogenesis inhibition experiments. The contents of ginsenosides Rg₁， Re， Rb₁， 20（S）-Rg₃， Rk₁ and Rg₅ in the decoction pieces were quantified， and Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between saponin content， chromaticity， and angiogenesis inhibition activity during the steaming process. By integrating the consistency of chromaticity， saponin components and angiogenesis inhibition activity， pressurized steaming conditions with quality equivalent to the atmospheric pressure method were selected. ResultsCompared with the atmospheric steaming method， pressurized steaming resulted in faster color darkening and higher conversion rates of ginsenosides in bPQR decoction pieces. Moreover， the neovascularization inhibitory activity of bPQR decoction pieces continued to increase with the deepening of processing. Based on the effectiveness and safety， the optimal process for preparing bPQR decoction pieces with neovascularization inhibitory activity was determined to be atmospheric steaming for 21 h. All six ginsenosides tested exhibited strong to extremely strong correlations with both the chromaticity values of the decoction pieces and their neovascularization inhibitory activities. Among them， ginsenosides Rg₁， Re and Rb₁ exhibited positive correlations with chromaticity values and negative correlations with zebrafish angiogenesis inhibition activity. Conversely， ginsenosides 20（S）-Rg₃， Rk₁ and Rg₅ showed negative correlations with chromaticity values and positive correlations with zebrafish angiogenesis inhibition activity. By integrating chromaticity values， cluster analysis results， as well as the results of activity， it was determined that the quality of bPQR decoction pieces steamed under pressurized conditions of 110 ℃（0.045 MPa） for 5 h and 115 ℃（0.07 MPa） for 3 h was highly consistent with that obtained by atmospheric steaming for 21 h. ConclusionThe preparation of bPQR decoction pieces by pressurized steaming has the advantages of short preparation time， low energy consumption， and rapid saponin conversion rate， making it a viable alternative to atmospheric steaming for preparing bPQR decoction pieces. Meanwhile， the evaluation method based on chromaticity-chemical composition-activity can provide a more scientific and effective explanation of change rules in the quality during traditional Chinese medicine processing， and offer a new model for optimizing processing technology and enhancing quality control.

OBJECTIVE To explore whether pachymic acid （Pac） regulates mitochondrial autophagy mediated by the PTEN- induced kinase 1 （PINK1）/Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase （Parkin） signaling pathway to alleviate myocardial injury in coronary heart disease （CHD） rats. METHODS SD rats were divided into control （Con） group， CHD group， Pac low-dose group （Pac-L group）， Pac high-dose group （Pac-H group）， Pac-H+PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway inhibitor group （Pac-H+3-MA group）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the Con group， CHD models were established in the remaining groups of rats. After successful modeling， the rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding drugs or normal saline. After continuous intervention for 4 weeks， the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVEDV）， left ventricular end-systolic volume （LVESV）， and mean arterial pressure （MAP） of the rats were detected. The levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme （CK-MB）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， cardiac troponin I （cTnI）， and cardiac troponin T （cTnT） in the serum， as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， IL-1β， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， malondialdehyde （MDA） in the myocardial tissue， and the activities of catalase （CAT） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）， as well as the expression levels of p62， cleaved caspase-3， Parkin， PINK1 proteins and the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ （LC3Ⅱ）/LC3Ⅰ ratio were measured. The morphology of myocardial tissue and mitochondrial autophagic vesicles were observed， and the number of mitochondrial autophagic vesicles per unit area and the rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis were counted. RESULTS Compared with CHD group， LVEF， MAP， IL-10 levels， CAT and SOD activities， p62， Parkin， PINK1 protein expressions， LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio， the numbers of mitochondrial autophagic vesicles per unit area in the Pac-L and Pac-H E-mail：hzdpft@163.com groups were increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the levels of LVEDV， LVESV， CK-MB， LDH， cTnI， cTnT， TNF-α， IL-1β， ROS and MDA， cell apoptosis rates， and protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； and the changes in various indicators were more pronounced in the Pac-H group （P＜0.05）； both groups showed varying degree of improvement in myocardial histopathological morphology. Compared with the Pac-H group， the aforementioned indicators in rats from the Pac-H+3-MA group were all significantly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Pac may promote mitochondrial autophagy in cardiomyocytes of CHD rats by activating the PINK1/ Parkin signaling pathway， thereby reducing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress and improving myocardial injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA-LINC00342 in cervical cancer.Methods The bioinformatic analysis was performed by the cervical cancer data sets(GSE6791 and GSE63514)in GEO database.The potential oncogene LINC00342 was screened out.qRT-PCR was adopted to detect the expression level of LINC00342 in cervical cancer tissue and paracancerous normal cervical tissues of 50 cases of cervical cancer,and its relationship with the prognosis of the patients was analyzed.The correlation between LINC00342 with the other pathological features in the patients with cervical cancer was analyzed.In the cervical cancer cell lines Hela and SiHa cells,after transfecting si-LINC00342 and si-NCS,the LINC00342 expression level in the cells was detected by qRT-PCR.The cellular invasive and migration were detected by CCK-8/EdU proliferation test,Transwell invasion and migration test.Results The data sets of GSE6791 and GSE63514 and clinical tissue samples all showed that LINC00342 was highly expressed in cervical cancer tis-sues(P＜0.05).The clinical tissue samples related tests showed that the expression level of LINC00342 was correlated with the prognosis of the patients(HR=4.911,P=0.036 1);the LINC00342 level had no relation with the factors such as age of the patients and tumor histological type(P＞0.05),but was closely related to the tumor size and tumor stage(P＜0.05).The cellular experiments showed that knocking down LINC00342 expression could significantly inhibit the proliferation,invasion and migration abilities of cervical cancer cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion LINC00342 is highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues,which is a potential biomar-ker of the occurrence,development and poor prognosis of cervical cancer.

Objective:To investigate the distribution patterns of TCM syndrome elements and syndrome types in cancer-related fatigue (CRF).Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted on tumor patients attending the outpatient clinic and wards of the Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from January to December 2021. Descriptive analysis was used to compare the distribution difference of TCM syndrome elements, symptoms and tongue symptoms of CRF and non-CRF patients. The TCM symptoms of CRF were clustered to summarize the common TCM syndromes of CRF.Results:A total of 306 tumor patients were finally included, of which 229 (75%) were CRF and 77 (25%) were non-CRF. Qi deficiency, blood deficiency, and cold-dampness were the most common deficiency and excess syndrome elements in CRF, and liver deficiency, yin deficiency, and blood stasis syndrome elements occurred more frequently in non-CRF than in CRF. TCM symptoms with a frequency greater than 50% in CRF patients, from high to low, were: fatigue > shortness of breath > insomnia or dreaminess > mental fatigue > forgetfulness>lazy speech > impatience, irritability, depression with sighing. The most frequent tongue symptoms, tongue coating, and pulse symptoms were respectively pale tongue, white and greasy coating or smooth white, and pulse deficiency. The symptoms with greater than 30% frequency in 77 non-CRF patients were, from highest to lowest: impatience and irritability or depression with sighing > insomnia or dreaminess > shortness of breath > dry mouth and throat > lumbar spine pain (excluding traumatic) > numbness of limbs > forgetfulness. The highest-ranked tongue, tongue coating, and pulse symptoms were pale tongue, red tongue or less coating, no coating, and thin pulse, respectively. Through clustering analysis, six common syndromes of CRF were obtained, including qi and blood deficiency syndrome, heart and liver blood deficiency syndrome, kidney yang deficiency syndrome, qi and yin deficiency syndrome, spleen deficiency and qi stagnation syndrome, and cold dampness and spleen stagnation syndrome.Conclusions:CRF is a common symptom of different types of tumors. Generally, deficiency syndrome is the main symptom. Qi deficiency and blood deficiency are the common syndrome elements. Common symptoms of high frequency and tongue and pulse are fatigue, shortness of breath, mental fatigue, forgetfulness, pale tongue and thin pulse. The common TCM syndrome types can be preliminarily summarized into 6 types: qi and blood deficiency syndrome, heart and liver blood deficiency syndrome, kidney yang deficiency syndrome, qi and yin deficiency syndrome, spleen deficiency and qi stagnation syndrome, cold dampness and spleen stagnation syndrome.

The theory of yin and yang is the modest differentiation thought of the traditional Chinese medicine under the guidance of overall dialectics,and the dynamic changes of yin and yang profit and loss can reflect the life activities of the human body.In the early literature research and clinical practice,the author's team found that the"yang deficiency and yin stagnation"is the key pathogen of colorectal cancer,the yang qi is insufficient,and the metabolites of the yin such as phlegm,wetness and stasis are lost in gasification and accumulate to form a"yin tumor",which is stagnant in the intestine and forms colorectal cancer.Yang Qi is the process of normal cell metabolism to produce energy,Yang Qi is insufficient,the"yin knot"of the thing in the body polymerizes into tumors,The imbalance of yin and yang can cause changes in energy or substance metabolism in the body,and glutamine is one of the amino acid which is the largest consumption of tumor cells,and its metabolic process not only provides a material basis for tumor cell growth,but also creates an acidic microenvironment of hypoxia to promote the proliferation and growth of tumor cells.This paper discusses the characteristics of glutamine metabolism of colorectal cancer cells in detail,aiming to explain the occurrence of colorectal cancer from the pathogenesis of"yang deficiency yin knot",and to explain the scientific theory of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coloral cancer with the principle of Wenyang Tongxia,aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the comprehensive treatment of CRC.

Objective:A dose verification system of two-dimensional semiconductor matrix(SRS MapCHECK)was used to verify the dose of the clinical treatment plan of patients who underwent CyberKnife(CK),which realized rapid verification for individualization of radiotherapy plans of patients through analyzed the γ-passing rates of them.Methods:A total of 253 patients with tumor who received CK clinical treatment in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from March 2021 to May 2023 were selected.Among of them,121 cases received CK treatment on head,and 30 cases received that on lung,and 102 cases received CK treatment on abdomen and other metastatic tumor.In the MultiPlan treatment plan system,the plan of patient was mapped to the integrated model composed of StereoPHAN model and SRS MapCHECK matrix dose verification system by the means of the plan image center overlap.The dose verification was conducted on the plan of each patient on the basis of ensuring the consistency of the number of beam,direction of beam and the monitor unit.The different γ analysis standards(1%/1 mm,2%/1 mm,3%/1 mm,1%/2 mm,2%/2 mm,3%/2 mm,1%/3 mm,2%/3 mm and 3%/3 mm)were adopted to conduct global analysis of absolute dose for each verification plan,and the threshold(TH)of low dose was set as 10%.Results:The γ passing rates of phantom verification plans of 253 patients were respectively(88.64±5.91)%,(95.43±3.40)%,(97.90±2.06)%,(96.51±2.35)%,(98.15±1.68)%,(99.06±1.12)%,(98.30±1.39)%,(99.09±0.97)%and(99.52±0.63)%under different analysis standards.The γ passing rates of other standards of patients with tumor on different parts were larger than 95%except the analysis result of 1%1 mm standard.The overall analysis result of the deviation of central point dose was(-1.30±2.17)%,among of which the tumor of head,abdominal tumors and other metastatic tumor were about approximately-2%,while that of lung tumors were approximately-3%.The deviation of abdominal and other metastatic tumor was the minimum.The correlation analysis showed that the target volume and the size of the minimum collimator were respectively correlated to the dose deviation of the center.Conclusion:SRS MapCHECK dose verification system can conveniently and quickly realize the individualized verification for the plan of patients who receive CK treatment.

Objective The characteristics of supramolecular"imprinting template"of volatile oil of Curcuma kwangsiensis and Curcuma phaeocaulis were analyzed and studied based on the supramolecular"qixi"theory of Chinese materia medica combined with chemometrics.Methods The volatile oil of C.kwangsiensis and C.phaeocaulis were extracted by steam distillation,and the fingerprint and composition information of each batch were obtained by GC-MS.Total statistical moment method was used to compare the imprinting characteristics of the"imprinting template"of C.kwangsiensis and C.phaeocaulis.The core index(CI)of each batch of essential oil of C.kwangsiensis and C.phaeocaulis was calculated,and the topological characteristics of types of"imprinting template"of C.kwangsiensis and C.phaeocaulis were compared by chemometrics.Results There was no significant difference in the extraction rate of volatile oil between C.kwangsiensis and C.phaeocaulis.The average values of total zero order moment(AUCT)were(1.907±0.177)×108,(1.979±0.413)×108 μV·s,respectively,showing that there was no significant difference in the total content of volatile oil between the two groups.The mean values of the total first order moment(MCRTT)were(30.969±0.962)and(33.198±0.409)min.The average value of total second order moment(VCRTT)was(56.176±11.368)and(43.891±4.113)min2,respectively,indicating that there were significant differences in the content ratio and species of volatile oils between the two groups.The similarity of total statistical moments of C.kwangsiensis and C.phaeocaulis was mostly lower than the defined value,indicating that the chemical composition and composition ratio of the volatile oil were different.Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis could obviously divide C.kwangsiensis and C.phaeocaulis into two categories.Through the analysis of P value and VIP value,the CI values of Xvp 4th order,Xvpc 5th order,Xvpc 6th order,Xvpc 7th order,Xvc 3rd order,Xvpc 4th order were the main difference values of C.kwangsiensis and C.phaeocaulis.Conclusion Through the characterization of"imprinting property"and"topological characteristics"of the supramolecular"imprinting template"and combining with chemometric analysis,it is possible to successfully distinguish C.kwangsiensis and C.phaeocaulis,and find the different CI values between two"imprinting templates".

Objective: To examine the effects of air pollution on overall mortality, mortality of respiratory diseases, and mortality of circulatory diseases among residents in Hangzhou City. Methods: Residents' mortality data in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016 were captured from Zhejiang Provincial Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System, and the ambient air quality in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016 were collected from Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, while the meteorological monitoring data during the study period were collected from Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau. The effects of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 on overall mortality, morality of respiratory diseases and mortality of circulatory diseases were evaluated a generalized additive model (GAM) based on Poisson distribution, and the risk of mortality was described with excess risk (ER) and its 95%CI. Results: The daily M (QR) overall deaths, deaths from respiratory diseases and deaths from circulatory diseases were 111 (30), 16 (9) and 37 (14) persons in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 resulted in 0.47% (95%CI: 0.23%-0.70%), 0.37% (95%CI: 0.21%-0.53%), 1.06% (95%CI: 0.50%-1.61%) and 3.08% (95%CI: 2.18%-3.99%) rises in the risk of overall mortality, 0.60% (95%CI: 0.04%-1.16%), 0.45% (95%CI: 0.06%-0.83%), 2.01% (95%CI: 0.84%-3.20%) and 6.06% (95%CI: 3.80%-8.37%) rises in the risk of mortality of respiratory diseases, and 0.45% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.83%), 0.44% (95%CI: 0.17%-0.71%), 1.43% (95%CI: 0.49%-2.37%) and 3.66% (95%CI: 2.13%-5.22%) rises in the risk of mortality of circulatory diseases, and the greatest effect was observed at a 2-day lag. Multi-pollutant model analysis showed that, after adjustment for PM2.5, NO2 and PM2.5+NO2+SO2, a 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 resulted in an elevated risk of mortality of respiratory diseases than a single-pollutant model. Conclusions The air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 correlated positively with the risk of overall mortality, mortality of respiratory diseases and mortality of circulatory diseases in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016, and the co-existence of multiple pollutants enhanced the effect of SO2 on mortality of respiratory diseases.