Objective To investigate the necessity of dilution in samples with high concentrations of D-Dimer and optimum dilution multiple.Methods Quality control products and calibration were detected by using Sysmex CS5100 for precision evaluation,including within-batch and between-run precision.Calibration were detected for validation of linear range and clinical reportable.Samples with D-Dimer<5 mg/L and fibrinogen degradation products(FDP)<20 μg/mL were serially diluted and detected to calculate recovery rate.Samples with D-Dimer>5 mg/L and FDP>20 μg/mL were also serially diluted and detected to calculated recovery rate.Results Within-batch and between-run coefficients of variation were both less than 3%.Within the scope of 0.207-5.170 mg/L,the linear distribution was fine.The clinical reportable range was 0.207-165.440 mg/L.For samples with D-Dimer<5 mg/L and FDP<20 μg/mL,no antigen excess phenomenon was found,and gradient dilution was not necessary.For samples with D-Dimer>5 mg/L and FDP>20 μg/mL,there was obvious antigen excess phenomenon,and gradient dilution was required.Conclusion For samples with D-Dimer>5 mg/L and FDP>20 μg/mL,dilution should be performed to ensure the accuracy of detected results.

Objective To perform the comparative analysis on the test results acquired from three different types of hematology analyzers ,to explore their results comparability or whether their deviations being within the allowable range .Methods The 30 d in‐ternal quality control results collected from the three types of analyzers ,Sysmex XE2100 ,Sysmex XN3000 and Sysmex XT4000i , were analyzed and analyze .The XE2100 hematology analyzer with excellent results in repeatedly participating in the national exter‐nal quality control assessment was taken as the reference instrument ,while the Sysmex XN3000 and Sysmex XT4000i analyzers served as the contrastive instruments .Four blood samples from different patients with high ,medium and low values were randomly selected and detected for 5 d .The results of white blood cell(WBC) ,red blood cell(RBC) ,hematocrit(HCT) ,hemoglobin(HGB) and platelet(PLT) were performed the comparative analysis .Then the accuracy and comparability of the detection results were judged by F test ,regression equation and correlation coefficient .Results The detection result of WBC ,RBC ,HCT ,HGB and PLT had no statistical differences among three instruments (P> 0 .05) .The correlation of various indexes had close correlation (r≥0 .975) .The deviations conformed to the related requirements with comparability .Conclusion When conducting detection by multi‐ple instruments ,the quality control of experimental instrument should be paid attention to ,the different detection instruments should be conducted the calibration and comparison at regular intervals for ensuring the accuracy and consistency of detection re‐sults ,thus better serve clinic .

Objective To analyze the cause of platelet aggregation in blood specimens ,so as to provide basis for reducing platelet aggregation ,and avoiding false positive of platelet count ,false report ,misdiagnosis and mistreatment .Methods The blood speci-mens which platelet was below 80 × 109 /L ,below 125 × 109 /L with histogram hinted platelet aggregation ,were smeared ,stained with Wright-Giemsa ,and observed by microscope for platelet morphological changes .The data between each groups were calculated and analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 18 .0 .Results A total of 184 cases of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dependent pseudothrombocytopenia(EDTA-PTCP) were found ,accounted for 0 .444 ‰ totally ,including 0 .244 ‰ of out-patients (101 cases) , 0 .159 ‰ of hospitalized patients (66 cases) ,and 0 .041 ‰ of health examination personnel (17 cases) .3 cases of multi-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia and 25 cases of pseudo platelet aggregation were found ,and accounted for 0 .007 ‰ and 0 .060 ‰ respec-tively .Conclusion The discovery of platelet aggregation which caused mainly by EDTA-PTCP ,still relies on microscopy ,and pseu-do platelet aggregation comes mainly from sampling ,so it needs to strengthen the skills training .

Objective To investigate the relationship between levels of transferring(Tf)and function of male fertility and testic-ular podocyte.Methods Semen samples from male patients with infertility and volunteers with normal infertility were collected and tested for sperm density and motility by using sperm quality analyzer.In additon to that,Tf concentrations of Tf were determined;aseptically excised rat testis and by collagenase and hyaluronidase digestion,podocytes were isolated with high purity and cultured in culture medium,then the concentration of Tf in cell culture medium was determined;Tf concentration were determined by rate nephelometry.Results Tf concentration in semen of male-infertility patients[(15±5)μmol/L]was significantly lower than that of normal-fertility volunteers[(24.5±6.5)μmol/L,P <0.01],which were positively correlated sperm count and motility(P <0.01). Tf concentrations of cell culture medium[(25 ±8)μmol/L]in which testicular podocytes were cultured were significantly higher than that of infertile rat[(15 ±6)μmol/L,P <0.01].Conclusion Determination of semen Tf levels can reflect podocyte function and be used as an indicator for the evaluation of seminiferous tubules spermatogenesis,which was valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.

Objective To evaluate the performance of XE‐5000 automated blood cell analyser for detecting nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) in peripheral blood and investigate its clinical application value .Methods The intra‐assay imprecision ,carryover rate , and linear range of the analyser were evaluated .The absolute NRBC count and percentage of NRBC of 137 blood specimens (NRBC‐positive according to the DIFF channel of the analyser) were determined in the NRBC channel of the analyser ,and the percentage of NRBC of these blood specimens were determined by using microscope method as well .Differences between the two methods were analysed by using SPSS18 .0 statistic software .Results The intra‐assay imprecision of the analyser for detecting absolute NRBC count in specimens with high ,moderate ,and low Q‐flag values were 2 .10% ,3 .26% and 11 .62% ,respectively ,and the imprecision for detecting percentage of NRBC were 3 .79% ,5 .80% and 13 .33% ,respectively .The carryover rates of the analyser for detecting absolute NRBC count and percentage of NRBC were 0 .51% and 0 .26% ,respectively .At the range of (0~18)× 109/L ,the absolute NRBC count detected by using the analyser showed good linearity :Y=1 .048 6X+0 .189 6(r=0 .999 1) .There were no statistically significant differences between the analyser and microscope for detecting percentage of NRBC(P=0 .716) ,and showed good corre‐lation:Y=1 .150 2X+0 .626 1(r=0 .967 0) .Conclusion The XE‐5000 automated blood cell analyser could completely replace the traditional microscope for clinically classifying and counting NRBCs .

Objective To investigate the effects of batroxobin on blood coagulation and fibrinolytic function of patients with sud-den deafness .Methods 87 patients with sudden deafness were enrolled .Their prothrombin time(PT ) ,activated partial thrombo-plastin time(APTT) ,thrombin time(TT) ,fibrinogen(Fib) ,D-dimer and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products(FDP) were detec-ted before batroxobin treatment and 3 ,6 days after treatment .Results Compared with pre-treatment ,patients after treatment expe-rienced prolonged PT and TT (P<0 .05) ,decreased Fib(P<0 .01) ,increased FDP (P<0 .01) ,and the difference of APTT ,D-di-mer between treatment before and after showed no statistically significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion PT ,TT ,Fib ,FDP can be applied to monitor the coagulation and fibrinolytic function of patients with sudden deafness treated with batroxobin .

With widely application of bronchoavleolar lavage , a lot of cases on L.Blattarum infections in respiratory system have emerged in recent years .However , after closely lucubrating pictures of these reported cases and analyzing the results of our animal experiments.It was doubted the reported morphology of L.Blattarum belongs to respiratory ciliated columnar epithelium .This article aimed at guiding our colleagues to distinguish the morphology of Lophomonas blattarum in respiratory system, and,avoid the misdiagnosis.

Objective To analyze the consistency of the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer,Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer and optical microscope in detecting urine erythrocyte.Methods The fresh urine specimens from 427 patients were randomly extracted and tested by the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer,urine dry chemistry analyzer and OLUMPUS Arkray AX-4030 optical microscope.Then the consistency of the results for detecting urine erythrocyte was compared among three kinds of detection method.Results With the microscopic examination as control,the sensitivity and spe-cificity of the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer for detecting urine erythrocyte were 82.84% and 86.35% re-spectively,which of the Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer were 89.55% and 83.96% respectively.There was a high consistency between the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer and the optical microscope for detecting urine e-rythrocyte and the Kappa value was 0.580.There was also a high consistency between the Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer and the optical microscope for detecting urine erythrocyte and the Kappa value was 0.625,while the consistency between the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer and the Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer was weaker and the Kappa value was 0.324.Conclusion With the detection by the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer and the Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer as a screening test,it should need to combine with the optical microscopy to conduct recheck for providing the effective and reliable test results quickly and accurately.

Objective To investigate the relationship between clue cell in semen and male infertility. Method Semen specimens from 957 patients were examined with microscope. Gram staining was performed when clue cell were found to be present in semen. At the same time, general characteristics of the sperm were analyzed. Results There were clue cells in 23. 5% (225/957) of the total specimens, in which, 95. 1% clue cells were gram staining positive. The concentration and vitality of living sperm in semen presented with clue cell were significantly lower, but the abnormal sperm and pH value were much higher than that in normal control (P<0.01). In addition, 28 sexual partners of 30 infertility patients were identified as having bacterial vaginosis. Conclusion Gardnerella vaginalis and short coccohacillus were mostly transmitted from infected sexual partner. It could cause squamous epithelial cell forming clue cell, and lead to infertility by chan-ging pH which mainly affect reproduction of the sperm. This study suggested that clue cell has a unique vale for the diagnosis of infertility causing by Gardnerella vaginalis and short coccohacillus.

OBJECTIVETo study the function of zinc in preventing human sperm from being damaged by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an external NO donor.

METHODSAnalyses were made of the function of zinc in protecting sperm from being influenced by SNP in such aspects as sperm motility, head-tail connection and the breakage of sperm DNA chain by using phase-contrast microscope and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).

RESULTSSperm motility was obviously inhibited by SNP. The percentage of comet cells increased significantly but the stability of sperm head-tail connection decreased. Zinc could promote sperm motility, protect the DNA chain and prevent the sperm head-tail connection from breaking.

CONCLUSIONZinc can protect sperm from being damaged by NO. Its mechanism may be related to the mercaptol group of sperm chromatin.

Adult ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; toxicity ; Nitroprusside ; toxicity ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Zinc ; pharmacology