This paper reviewed the overview, assessment tools, influencing factors and intervention measures of guilt of family caregivers of dementia patients, aiming to provide reference for formulating targeted intervention measures to reduce guilt of family caregivers of dementia patients.

The Satir model, grounded in humanism and oriented towards growth, is a psychological therapy model aimed at enhancing self-esteem, improving communication, and facilitating personal integration of mind and body, achieving internal and external harmony. In recent years, the Satir model has garnered increasing attention from nursing educators and scholars. This study provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical foundations, therapeutic techniques, and applications of the Satir model in the field of nursing in China. The aim is to offer new perspectives and theoretical references for the nursing practice of the Satir model and to enrich psychological nursing methods.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for overt hepatic encephalopathy(OHE)in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS),and to construct an individualized risk prediction model.Methods A total of 302 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who underwent TIPS in Department of Gastroenterology,The General Hospital of Western Theater Command,from January 2017 to December 2021 were enrolled,and according to the presence or absence of OHE after surgery,they were divided into non-OHE group with 237 patients and OHE group with 65 patients.The two groups were compared in terms of general data,laboratory markers,Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)score,MELD combined with serum sodium concentration(MELD-Na)score,and albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score before surgery.The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups,and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the influencing factors for OHE after TIPS in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis,and independent influencing factors were used to construct a nomogram model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and the calibration curve analysis were used to evaluate the discriminatory ability and calibration of the model,and the decision curve analysis and the clinical impact curve(CIC)were used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the model.Results Age(odds ratio[OR]=1.035,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.004-1.066,P＜0.05),white blood cell count(WBC)/platelet count(PLT)ratio(OR=33.725,95%CI:1.220-932.377,P＜0.05),international normalized ratio(INR)(OR=5.149,95%CI:1.052-25.207,P＜0.05),and pre-albumin(PAB)(OR=0.992,95%CI:0.983-1.000,P＜0.05)were independent predictive factors for OHE after TIPS in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.The nomogram model constructed based on age,WBC/PLT ratio,INR,and PAB had an area under the ROC curve of 0.716(95%CI:0.649-0.781),with a sensitivity of 78.5%and a specificity of 56.1%.Conclusion The nomogram model constructed based on age,WBC/PLT ratio,INR,and PAB can help to predict the risk of OHE after TIPS in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of improved management of nursing quality based on Plato analysis on the rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 198 patients with AMI after PCI were enrolled from the Lianyungang First People′s Hospital from October 2018 to April 2019 and from May to November 2019. The conventional nursing management method (referred to as the regular group), and the quality improved nursing based on the Platonic analysis method (referred to as the improved group) were implemented respectively. The implementation status of exercise rehabilitation, exercise ability of the two groups, and comprehensive quality scores of nurses were compared between the two groups.Results:The WeChat punch-in days, the number of compliant sports videos uploaded per week, the number of compliant diet photos uploaded per week in improved group were more than those in regular group ［(5.47±0.56) vs. (3.56±0.41) d, (5.72±0.61) vs. (2.86±0.24) pieces, (17.92±1.80) vs. (12.01±1.47) pieces］, the rehabilitation sports knowledge scores were higher than that in regular group ［(83.34±7.91) vs. (62.39±6.34) points］(all P<0.001). The anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake (VO 2AT/kg) of patients in the improved group was higher than that in the regular group ［(19.38±2.74) vs. (17.25±2.61) ml·min －1·kg －1］ ( P<0.001). The results of the nurses′ comprehensive quality radar chart showed that the nurses′ brainstorming, responsibility, enthusiasm, team cohesion and communication and coordination scores after implementation of the nursing quality improvement management based on the Plato analysis were higher than those before the implementation ［(4.15±0.49) vs. (2.95±0.31) points, (3.94±0.40) vs. (2.08±0.24) points, (4.01±0.43) vs. (2.65±0.28) points, (4.62±0.36) vs. (3.01±0.35) points, (4.53±0.43) vs. (3.16±0.37) points］ (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The improved management of nursing quality based on the Plato analysis method can improve the implementation of rehabilitation exercise prescriptions for patients with AMI aftre PCI, enhance their endurance of exercise, and improve the overall quality of nurses.

Objective: To explore the early diagnosis, therapeutic methods and efficacy for blunt cardiac injury (BCI). Methods: All BCI patients from September 2003 to August 2018 were studied retrospectively in respect of sex, age, cause of injury, diagnostic methods, therapeutic procedures, and outcome. The patients were divided into two groups: nonoperative group (n=305) and operative group (n=43). The two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: Totally 348 BCI patients accounted for 18.3% of 1 903 patients with blunt thoracic injury (BTI), and the mortality rate was 10.1%. The main cause of injury was traffic accident with an incidence of 48.3%. The diagnostic methods included electrocardiogram (ECG), enzymes and troponin I, echocardiography, and CT scanning, or confirmed by emergency thoracatomy. In the nonoperative group, patients were mainly myocardial contusion, with a mortality rate of 6.9%. In the operative group, patients were mainly cardiac rupture and pericardial hernia, and the mortality was 32.6%. The incidence of negative ECG between the two groups was not significantly different (16.7% vs 11.6%, P>0.05). The incidence of shock and mortality in the operative group were significantly higher than those in the the nonoperative group (P<0.01). The number of death directly resulted from BCI in the operative group was greater than that in the nonoperative group (P<0.05). Conclusions For BTI patients, BCI must be highly suspected, and necessary examinations should be given. To manage myocardial contusion without surgery, it is necessary to protect the heart, alleviate edema of myocardium, and control arrhythmia with drugs. To deal with those patients requiring operation, early recognition and expeditious thoracotomy are essential.

Objective To investigate the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management in secondary and above medical institutions in Shaanxi Province,analyze development trend,and put forward sugges-tions for improvement.Methods In May-June,2016,170 secondary and above hospitals in 10 cities were selected for surveying through stratified random sampling method.Survey content included basic situation of hospitals,HAI management,HAI monitoring,and so on.Results Available questionnaires were obtained from 165 hospitals (43 tertiary hospitals,and 122 secondary hospitals).Of 165 hospitals,more than 90% have established HAI manage-ment organizations and regulations,but hospital risk management should be paid more attention,only 63.03% of hospitals perfected the risk management system and 66.06% conducted risk assessment.99.09% of hospitals im-plement training on HAI to all staff regularly and 88.41% conducted effective feedback.In the aspect of staff alloca-tion,88.48% of the hospitals assigned enough professionals for HAI management,but only 34.55% have specific training programme for these personnel.Only 33.94% of hospitals have special funds for HAI control;in the aspect of monitoring on HAI,21.21% of hospital installed and used HAI monitoring software;In the aspect of implemen-tation of monitoring programme,about 90% of hospitals developed monitoring on HAI cases and environmental hy-giene,but only 34.55% and 23.64% of hospitals conducted targeted monitoring on intensive care unit and neonatal intensive care unit respectively.Conclusion Organizational structure of HAI management in Shaanxi Province is perfect,relevant rules and regulations are basically established,basic monitoring projects are universal,but the awareness of risk management needs to be strengthened,professional allocation and professional quality develop-ment are both imbalance,informational monitoring is inadequate.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the most important infectious diseases around the world. Currently, interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogues are the main drugs for CHB and have good therapeutic efficacy, but the ultimate goal of eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) in human body has not been achieved. Therefore, it is of vital importance to explore new therapeutic strategies and develop new drugs for CHB. Persistent HBV infection is closely associated with human body′s immune status, and studies have shown that immunotherapy may help to cure CHB. With reference to CHB patients′ immune status, this article reviews the research advances in new immunotherapeutic strategies including Toll-like receptor agonists, cell therapy, and therapeutic vaccines.

Objective To describe the level of self-perceived burden (SPB) and analyze its influencing factors among the patients with advanced lung cancer, in order to provide a theoretical basis for individualized nursing care. Methods A total of 102 hospitalized patients with lung cancer from 3 hospitals in Shandong province were investigated by the Self-Perceived Burden Scale for Cancer Patient (SPBS-CP). Results The total score of the SPBS-CP was (60.31±17.06) points, which indicated at a moderate level. Those patients rated the highest score on the sub-scale of economic/family burden (22.04±6.72) points, the lowest score on the sub scale of care burden (10.28±3.62) points. Single factor analysis and regression results showed that different work conditions, different stages were related with SPB. Conclusions Patients with moderate and advanced lung cancer had a moderate or higher level of SPB. Staff nurses should focus on the psychological status of the patients and take positive interventions to release the negative emotional experiences.

Objective To study the effect of periodontitis on rats with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Methods A total of 80 male rats were randomly divided into the 4 weeks group (n=40) and the 8 weeks group (n=40), and then the two groups were randomly divided into the normal control group (N=10), the periodontitis group (PE=10), the chronic bacterial prostatitis group (CBP=10), and the peri-odontitis+chronic bacterial prostatitis group (CBP+PE=10) respectively. The pathological changes, inflammation score, level of TNF-αand IL-1β, and indicators of periodontal of all rats were observed. Results In the 4 weeks group, the indicators of periodontal in PE group and CBP+PE group were higher than that in N group and CBP group (P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference between PE group and CBP+PE group as well as between the N group and the CBP group (P>0. 05). The pathological changes, inflammation score,TNF-αlevel ,IL-1 β level in CBP+PE group and CBP group were higher than that in N group and PE group (P<0. 05), while there was no sing-nificant difference between N group and PE group as well as between CBP+PE group and CBP group (P>0. 05). In the 8 weeks group, the indicators of periodontal in PE group and CBP+PE group were higher than that in N group and CBP group (P<0. 05), but there was no sig-nificant difference between PE group and CBP+PE group as well as between the N group and the CBP group (P>0. 05). The pathological changes, inflammation score, TNF-α level , IL-1 β level in CBP +PE group and CBP group were higher than that in N group and PE group (P<0. 05),while there was no singnificant difference between N group and PE group (P>0. 05). The pathological changes, inflam-mation score,TNF-α level ,IL-1 β level in CBP+PE group were higher than those in the CBP group (P<0. 05). Compared between 4 weeks group and 8 weeks group, there was no obvious difference in N group in terms of periodontal indexes. Periodontal indexes in 8 weeks PE group was higher than that in 4 weeks PE group (P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference prostate tissue pathology, inflamma-tion score,TNF-α level,IL-1βlevel (P>0. 05). Pathology, inflammation score,TNF-αlevel, IL-1βlevel in 8 weeks CBP group were low-er compared to 4 weeks CBP group (P<0. 05), and there was no significant difference between the indexes of periodontal (P>0. 05). Prostate tissue pathology, inflammation score, TNF-αlevel, IL-1βlevel in 8 weeks CBP+PE group were lower than that in 4 weeks CBP+PE group (P<0. 05), but indicators of periodontal in 8 weeks CBP+PE group were higher than 4 weeks CBP+PE group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Chronic bacterial prostatitis combined with periodontitis can inhibit self-healing tendency of chronic bacterial prostatitis of rats and keep rats in chronic inflammatory phase.