Objective:To analyze the prevalence of anemia and its influencing factors in the elderly population dwelling in urban communities in Beijing.Methods:A random cluster sampling method was adopted to select the elderly people of communities in Beijing, and cross-sectional research was conducted through questionnaire surveys, field tests and blood sample collection.The criteria for diagnosing anemia were from WHO standards, and the health evaluation indicators in the questionnaire survey included demographic data and eating habits, socio-economic information, information on enjoying health services, health and physical fitness and other information.Blood samples were drawn for routine blood tests and biochemical tests.Results:A total of 1 947 elderly people aged 65 years and above were investigated, including 789 males(40.5%)and 1 158 females(59.5%). Among the 1 947 survey subjects, 288 elderly people had anemia, with the prevalence of anemia of 14.79%(288/1 947). The prevalence of anemia was 16.35%(129/789)in males and 13.73%(159/1 158)in females.There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of anemia between male and female( χ2=2.760, P=0.097). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting anemia.The results showed that the higher age( OR=1.055, P=0.000), the higher frequency of meat-eating( OR=1.353, P=0.046), the lower frequency of fruit-eating( OR=0.759, P=0.048), the worse health status of cohabitants( OR=0.757, P=0.037), the lower BMI( OR=0.905, P=0.001)and the lower exercise frequency( OR=0.769, P=0.012)were correlated to the higher anemia risk in the elderly population dwelling in urban communities in Beijing. Conclusions:The prevalence of anemia is relatively high in the elderly in Beijing communities.According to our findings, older people should reduce the frequency of eating meat, while ensuring nutritional intake, increase the intake of fruits and take appropriate exercises to reduce the prevalence of anemia.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of miRNA-181b (miR-181b) and prognostic factors of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), to predict target gene and main biological functions of miR-181b, and to evaluate the risk prediction ability of miR-181b in MDS.Methods:The samples of 131 bone marrow in MDS patients who followed the criteria of World Health Organization (WHO) classification (2016) from the Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2019 and September 2019 were collected, and the clinical data including routine blood test results, related gene test results of blood diseases were retrospectively analyzed. The expression levels of miR-181b in all bone marrow samples were detected by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). According to the international prognostic scoring system (IPSS), WHO classification-based prognostic scoring system (WPSS) and revised IPSS (IPSS-R), the patients were divided into different groups by the risk grade, and the expression differences of miR-181b in different risk groups were compared, and the correlation between the expressions of miR-181b and partial prognostic factors, including white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (Plt), absolute neutrophil count(ANC), myeloblast and gene mutations was analyzed. Bioinformatics online tool TargetScan was used to make target gene prediction and the potential function of miR-181b.Results:The expression levels of miR-181b was increased with the increasing risk of IPSS, WPSS and IPSS-R, and there were statistically significant differences in miR-181b expression levels of different risk groups in different scoring systems (all P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the expression level of miR-181b and the scores of the three prognostic scoring systems (r was 0.437, 0.368, 0.327; all P = 0.001); miR-181b expression was positively correlated with the proportion of bone marrow myeloblasts ( r = 0.450, P < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with Plt ( r = -0.199, P = 0.024). And miR-18b was not associated with WBC, Hb, ANC, and related gene mutations of blood diseases (all P > 0.05). A total of 1 363 potential target genes of miR-181b were predicted by using bioinformatics, and biological processes of these target genes were mainly enriched in transcription regulation, RNA metabolism regulation. Among them, 22 target genes were related to the hematological malignancies, including RUNX1, ASXL2, NRAS, ATM and KRAS, which have been previously confirmed to be related to MDS. The relative expression level [the median ( P25, P75)] of miR-181b in patients who had those hematological malignancies related to miR-181b target gene mutation (32 cases) was 1.33(0.63, 1.60), which was higher than that in patients without mutation (99 cases) [0.85 (0.49, 1.38)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = 2.285, P = 0.022). Conclusions:miR-181b has a correlation with the risk grade of prognostic scoring systems in MDS, and it may be involved in the molecular biology pathogenesis of MDS.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in Chinese elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Methods: 73 AML patients over the age of 60 were enrolled. CGA stratification included the following 3 instrument assessment: activity of daily living (ADL) ; instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) ; comorbidity score according to the Modified cumulative illness rating score for geriatrics (MCIRS-G) . According to CGA and age, the enrolled patients were grouped into 'fit’, 'unfit’ and 'frail’ categories. Results: The median age of 73 elderly AML patients were 75 years old. According to CGA, 37 (50.1%) patients were classified as 'fit’, 14 (19.2%) as 'unfit’, and 22 (30.7%) as 'frail’. 33 (89.2%) patients in fit group received induction chemotherapy, or demethylation treatment, as 8 (57.9%) in unfit, 10 (45.5%) in frail. The overall response rate was 68.7%、62.5%, 75.0% in fit, unfit, and frail group, respectively (χ²=0.615, P=0.769) .The early mortality (8 weeks) in three groups were different: 5.4%, 7.1%, 27.3%, respectively (P<0.05) . The 1-year overall survival in the 'fit’, 'unfit’ and 'frail’ groups was 64.9%, 28.6% and 22.7%, respectively (P<0.05) . The CGA score, age, ECOG score, WHO classification (2016) were the prognostic factors of AML patients. Conclusion CGA can be used to determine the prognosis of elderly AML patients.

Objective To investigate the correlation between hemoglobin level and health status of the elderly living in communities in Beijing.Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select residents living in communities of Beijing city,and a cross-sectional study was carried out by questionnaires,scene testing and blood sample collection.WHO-formulated criteria were applied for diagnosing anemia.The health indicators in questionnaires included visual impairment,physical disability,decreased health,self-care,fatigue,anorexia,independent walking distance,exercise frequency,intelligence status and computing power.Results Complete information was obtained in a total of 1 948 elderly people,including 790 cases of male and 1 158 cases of female,with an average age of(73.9±6.1)years and a median age of 74 years(65-100).The mean level of hemoglobin in the 1 948 people was(135.65 ± 14.48) g/L,with (142.56 ± 15.56) g/L in male and (130.95 ± 11.53) g/L in female.Hemoglobin level was significantly lower in female than in men (t =54.739,P＜ 0.01).Hemoglobin level was decreased with aging,and negatively associated with appetite,physical strength,walk assistance,visual acuity and physical ability(r=-0.055,-0.067,-0.071,-0.114,-0.095;P =0.022,0.005,0.004,0.000,0.000),while positively associated with health status,activities in daily life,athletic ability,exercise frequency and intelligence (r =0.073,0.126,0.122,0.066,0.124;P =0.002,0.000,0.000,0.006,0.000).Conclusions The hemoglobin level of the elderly decreases with aging and is associated with health status and quality of life in the elderly,which should be taken care seriously.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficiency and prognostic factors of autologous peripheral blood stem cell trans-plantation (APBSCT) in 30 cases of multiple myeloma (MM). Methods:Two of the 30 patients received the second treatment of APB-SCT because of relapse after the first treatment. Thus, a total of 32 case-times of APBSCT were studied. Combination chemotherapy was inducted regularly before APBSCT (11 patients used bortezomib as an induction drug), and chemotherapy combined with the G-CSF regimen was used to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells. Preconditioning was based on melphalan. Results:Mononuclear cells in harvest were 6.41 × 108/kg, and CD34+cells in harvest were 4.75 × 106/kg. The median times of neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 9.5 and 11 d, respectively. The complete remission (CR) and very good partial remission (VGPR) rates were 37.5%and 34.4%af-ter APBSCT, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 67.27 months in all patients, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 29.77 months. The median PFS rates were 29 and 20 months in the patients who achieved CR and PR, respectively, and the median PFS was not observed in the patients who achieved VGPR. Statistical differences in PFS were detected between the CR+VGPR and PR groups (P=0.025). The CR rates were 63.6%and 23.8%in the bortezomib (bortezomib-based chemotherapy) and non-bortezo-mib groups (P=0.034), respectively. The median OS and PFS were not obtained in the bortezomib group, whereas the median PFS was 22 months in the non-bortezomib group (P=0.045). Conclusion: MM patients treated with bortezomib-based chemotherapy followed by APBSCT had prolonged PFS. APBSCT can improve the response and survival of MM patients.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of monosomal karyotype (MK) in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods The karyotype analysis was performed in 123 elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML in our center from Nov 2000 to Feb 2015.We retrospectively studied the distribution characteristics of monosomal karyotype in these patients.Results Among 123 elderly patients with AML,117 patients had enough metaphases chromosomes for analysis.Among the 117 patients,there were 16 cases with good-risk karyotype,54 cases with intermediate-risk karyotype,and 47 cases with adverse-risk karyotype.In the 47 patients with adverse-risk karyotype,43 cases had complex karyotypes (CK).In the 117 elderly AML patients,37 cases (31.6％) had monosomal karyotype (MK),22 AML cases were secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS-AML),among them 13 cases (55.0％) had MK.In the 95 cases with primary AML,the detection rate of MK was 25.3％ (24 cases).The detection rate of MK+ AML was higher in MDS-AML patients than in de novo AML patients (P=0.000).Among the 37 patients with MK+AML,35 cases had complex karyotypes.30 (81.1％) MK+AML patients had two or more distinct autosomal monosomies and 7 (18.9％) MK+ AML patients had one single autosomal monosomy in the presence of structural abnormalities,and the incidence of autosomal monosomies was higher than that of single autosomal monosomy.The presence of--5 (27.0％),-4 (18.9％),-7 (16.3％) and-6 (13.5％) chromosomes was the most common autosomal monosomy among MK+ AML patients.Conclusions The detection rate of MK is relatively high in elderly AML patients.Two or more distinct autosomal monosomies are more common.The detection rate of MK+AML is higher in patients with MDS-AML than in patients with de novo AML.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic value of monosomal karyotype (MK) patients in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODSWe retrospectively studied 45 patients of MK⁺ in newly-diagnosed adult AML in our center from Oct 2000 to Dec 2012. Clinical characteristics, cytogenetic data and prognostic features were analyzed in the cohort of MK⁺ patients.

RESULTSMK was found in 45 patients (19.0%) of 237 newly-diagnosed adult AML with cytogenetic data available at diagnoses. Among these 45 cases, there were 28 male (62.2%) and 17 female (37.8%). Median age of MK⁺ patients at diagnose was 58(18-91) years old. The presence of -5(31.1%) and -7(17.8%) were the most common chromatid among MK⁺ AML patients. MK was much more prevalent among elderly patients. Among AML patients, the proportions of MK⁺ patients younger than 30, 30 to 59 and older than 60 years old groups were 11.5%, 17.7% and 22.4%, respectively. There was no difference between MK⁺ and MK⁻ patients in gender distribution (P=0.545). There was also no difference between MK⁺ and MK⁻ patients in the distribution of FAB castigation (P=0.239). Median survival of MK⁺ AML patients was 6.5 months. Cumulative 5-year overall survival (OS) of was 5.2%. Forty-three MK⁺ patients (43/45, 95.6%) also had a complex karyotype (CK). Two cases that did not meet the CK had not achieved complete remission (CR), and died within 6 months. There were 12 patients who were CK⁺ in 192 MK⁻ patients. The differences of OS and CR rates between MK⁺CK⁺ patients and MK⁻CK⁺ were statistically significant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe increased detection rate of MK with age was associated with lower CR and OS in AML patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monosomy ; Prognosis ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the methylation status in the promoter region of Dickkopf-3 (Dkk3) gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS),and to initially explore the relationship between the methylation of this gene and survival time.Methods Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was applied to measure the promoter methylation of Dkk3 gene in 43 bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of MDS patients.As controls,70 normal peripheral blood samples from general outpatients were examined.Results In 43 patients with MDS,7 patients (16.3 ％) showed Dkk3 gene methylation.And 5 of them were semi-methylation status,2 of them were exhaustive methylation status.In 70 controls,1 showed Dkk3 gene semi-methylation.The frequency of methylation in MDS patients was significantly higher than that of controls (x2 =8.93,P =0.005).In the Dkk3 methylation group,2/7 were from bone marrow and 5/7 were from peripheral blood.Meanwhile,2 patients were RA,1 patient was RCMD,4 patients were RAEB.There was no significant difference between the different sample source (bone marrow or peripheral blood) for the results of the methylation status (x2 =0.051,P =0.821).Either between the different sex,age,type,chromosome and WPSS score (P ＞ 0.05).The progress of disease didn't influence the methylation frequency (P ＞ 0.05).The smvival analysis showed no relationship between the methylation of this gene and smvival time.Conclusions In this MDS group,there is high level of methyl-modification in Dkk3 gene.The methylation of Dkk3 might be one of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the progress of patients with MDS.The peripheral blood sample maybe a better substitute in detective of Dkk3 with MDS.

Objective To evaluate the effect of a modified culture method on the karyotype anomalies detection rate in elderly patients with multiple myeloma (MM),and to explore the relationship between clinical characteristics and chromosome anomalies in multiple myeloma.Methods Two culture methods were applied on the bone marrow samples which obtained from 28 MM patients.One method was used to culture cells for 24 hours with interleukin 6 (IL-6) 10 μg/L and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 40 μg/L,and the other for 6 days.Karyotype was analyzed by G-banding technique.Results In the 24-hour culture group,no metaphases cell was found in 4 cases (14.3 ％),karyotype anomalies were found in 6 cases in the other 24 cases,and the detection rate was 25.0％ (6/24).In the 6-day culture group,no metaphases cell was found in 1 patient (3.6％),karyotype anomalies were found in 15 cases in the other 27 patients,and the detection rate was 55.6％ (15/27).There was a significant difference in the detection rate of karyotype anomalies between the two groups (x2 =4.89,P ＜ 0.05).In 27 cases with enough metaphases in the 6-day culture group,20 cases were newly diagnosed or in progression,among whom karyotype anomalies were found in 14 cases (70.0％,14/20),and 7 cases were in stable phase,among whom karyotype anomalies were found in 1 case (14.3％,1/7).The detection rate of abnormal karyotype was higher in newly diagnosed or in progressive patients than in stable patients (P ＜0.05).Conclusions 6-day culture method can improve the detection rate of karyotype anomalies in elderly patients with multiple myeloma,which is better than 24-hour culture method.The detection rate of karyotype anomalies is higher in newly diagnosed or in progressive patients than in stable patients.

Objective To explore the cytogenetic characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients.Methods The karyotype analysis was performed in 178 AML using the short-term culture of bone marrow cell and G-banding technique.Results Among the 178 patients,171 had enough metaphases for analysis and 128(74.9%)had clonal karyotypic abnormalities.Twenty-seven patients were secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS-AML),with 25 (92.6%) patients carrying clonal karyotypic abnormalities.Among the remaining 144 patients of de novo AML,103(71.5%)had clonal karyotypic abnormalities.The rate of abnormal clonal karyotype was higher in MDS-AML than that of de novo AML (P=0.021).Among the 171 patients,41(24.0%)were in favorable risk group,80(46.8%)in intermediate risk group and 50(29.2%)in adverse risk group.t(15;17)was the most common chromosomal aberration.The maiority intermediate risk chromosomal aberration was;normal karyotype.The most common cytogenetic abnormality among adverse group was a complex karyotype.Adverse cytogenetic aberrations,such as -5/5q-,-7/7q-,frequently occurred in conjunction with one another as part of a complex karyotype.Totally 75 patients were 60 years or older,among them,16.0%were in favorable risk group,48.0%in intermediate risk group and 36.0%in adverse risk group.Among 96 younger patients,30.2%were in favorable risk group.45.8%in intermediate risk group and 24.0%in adverse risk group.The rate of favorable risk chromosomal aberration was lower in elder patients than in younger(P=0.03 1).The rate of adverse risk chromosomal aberration and the rate of monosomal karyotype were higher in MDSAML than in de novo AML patients(P<0.001).Conclusions The most common favorable,intermediate and adverse chromosomal aberrations were t(15;17),normal karyotype and complex karyotype respectively.The karyotype was poor in MDS-AML and elder AML patients.