Objective Changes in relevant indexes in the mouse model of early-onset ovarian insufficiency caused by Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside were analyzed,and the optimal time point for intervention was determined.Methods Forty female ICR mice were randomly divided into control and A,B,C,and D model groups with eight mice in each group.The control group was gavaged with purified water for 14 days(0.01 mL/10 g),and the remaining groups were administered a Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside suspension(80 mg/kg,0.01 mL/10 g)for 1 day(A model group),3 days(B model group),7 days(C model group),or 14 days(D model group),and samples were collected.Body weight and wet weights of the uterus and bilateral ovaries of mice were determined in each group.Serum FSH,LH,E2,P,AMH,INH-B,and T contents were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays.HE staining was used to observe the number and developmental status of follicles and corpus luteum at all levels in mice of each group.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis in the ovaries of mice in each group.IHC detected expression of VEGFA,CD34,and EPO proteins in the ovaries of mice in each group.mRNA expression of HIF-1α,SDF-1,and CXCR4 in each group of mice was detected by PCR.Results Compared with the control group,changes in indicators in model A mice did not meet the POI modeling standard.The ovarian index,uterine index,and body weight of mice in the B model group were decreased significantly(P＜0.01),the weight of the C model group was decreased significantly(P＜0.01),and the ovarian index of the D model group was decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Serum contents of FSH and LH in B,C,and D model groups were increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),the E2,PROG,AMH,INH-B,and T contents were decreased(P＜0.01).The numbers of basal follicles,pre-sinus follicles,sinusoidal follicles,antral follicles,preovulatory follicles,and corpus luteum were decreased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)and the number of atresia follicles was increased significantly(P＜0.01)in B,C,and D model groups.The apoptotic area of TUNEL staining in A,B,C,and D model groups was increased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Expression of CD34,VEGFA,and EPO in B,C,and D model groups was decreased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).mRNA expression of HIF-1α,SDF-1,and CXCR4 in A and B model groups was significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the B model group,the relevant indexes of C and D model groups were changed significantly,indicating that C and D models were more serious and tended to develop POF.Conclusions The B model group is the turning point of ovarian function from impaired POI to irreversible POF,suggesting that 3 days of administrating Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside is optimal to induce a POI disease model for effective drug intervention.

kidney deficiency and blood stasis are believed to be the key pathogenesis of recurrent implantation failure （RIF）， and therefore， it is proposed to take kidney-supplementing and blood-invigorating as the basic treatment method， and use it by stages to assist the controlled superovulation program of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer （IVF-ET）. The focus should be put on nourishing kidney yin， soothing the liver and invigorating blood during down-regulation period， using kidney yin-nourishing medicinals and modified Qinghao Biejia Decoction （青蒿鳖甲汤）. During the ovulation induction period， the focus should be put on nourishing kidney yang， replenishing blood， and promoting blood circulation， with self-made Bushen Culuan Formula （补肾促卵方） in modifications. After transplantation， it is suggested to put focus on tonifying the kidneys and replenishing essence， and self-made Wuzi Yanzong Guchong Decoction （五子衍宗固冲汤） in modifications can be used. At the same time， fetal protection treatment should be carried out for pregnant women， and modified Shou Tai Pill （寿胎丸） can be used to tonify the kidneys and calm the fetus.

Objective:To summarize the imaging presentations of the fallopian canal cerebrospinal fluid leaking (FCCFL).Methods:The high resolution CT (HRCT)and MRI materials of 4 patients (4 ears) with FCCFL confirmed by surgery between August 2016 to November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these, there were 2 males and 2 females, their ages ranged from 6 to 69 years.Results:All of the FCCFL were unilateral, including 2 on the left and 2 on the right.Clinically, the patients with FCCFL suffered from clear nasal fluid flow, ear tightness, and hearing loss. On CT, all of the affected ears were depicted markedly dilatation of the proximal portion of fallopian canal(FC), the labyrinthine segment and geniculate fossa were involved in 4 cases, and involvement of tympanic segment in 1 case at the same time. The geniculate fossa in the affected side were significantly enlarged, protruding upwards into the tympanic cavity, with one case simultaneously involving the cochlea. On MRI, the hyposignal on T 1WI and hypersignal on T 2WI or water sequence like cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were shown in the enlargement FC, without diffusion restriction, and non-enhancing with administration Gadolinium contrast.CSF-like signal effusion was shown in all of the affected tympanum, of which, the CSF-like signal effusion was demonstrated in the area along the superficial petrosal nerve, the right pterygopalatine fossa and the parapharyngeal space. The adjacent intracranial meninges were presented thickening in 3 cases. Conclusion:The imaging appearances of FCCFL present some characteristics:on HRCT, the proximal portions of the affected FC depicts markedly enlargement,especially the geniculate fossa.While they present CSF-like signal, no diffusion restriction, and no enhancement administration, Gadolinium contrast on MRI, accompanying the CSF-like signal effusion in the affected tympanum.

Objective:To summarize the HRCT and MRI appearances of stapical footplate fistula related to inner ear malformation (SFF-Re-IEM).Methods:The HRCT and MRI materials of 48 cases (53 ears) SFF-Re-IEM were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 25 SFF-Re-IEM ears were confirmed by surgery. Their CT and MRI findings including associated IEM type, internal auditory canal (IAC) malformation, tympanic fluid, its density and signal features, and accompanied labyrinthitis were recorded.Results:Among 48 cases (53 ears) with SFF-Re-IEM, 17 ears with incomplete partition type Ⅰ, accounting for 32.1%, 13 ears with common cavity for 24.5%, 13 ears with cochlear aplasia for 24.5%, 7 ears with cochlear dysplasia Ⅱ for 13.2%, and 3 ears with Mondini for 5.7%,were found respectively. 94.3% of them were associated with a defect or dysplasia in the found of the IAC. They were divided into 4 types according to the intact of the stapical footplate and accompanied CSF otorrhea: 22 ears were diagnosed as the stapical footplate leaking, of them, 2 ears might come from the stapical footplate bony defect, 6 ears were from the stapical footplate hernia. 1 ear belonged to the peristapical footplate leaking. 30 ears with the isolated the stapical footplate hernia were another found. The bony defect in 2 ears with the stapical footplate bony defect were not presented on CT and MRI.The focal bony defect of the affected stapical footplate of 36 ears with the stapical footplate hernia were demonstrated, which presented the hemispherical protruding into the tympana, the soft-tissue density on CT, and CSF-like signal on the MR heaved-T2WI images. Among 22 ears with the stapical footplate leaking, their imaging appearances varied from the different amount of the leaking CSF. Besides the focal bony defects of the affected stapical footplates, there were much more CSF-like density or signal in the ipsilateral tympanic cavity in 17 affected ears connecting with the vestibule through the defect area. In the CSF leaking ears with less CSF leaking in 5 ears, the CSF-like cysts like SFH were shown on the stapical footplate defect area, but their outer edges were irregular, and the CSF-like signal scattering in the tympanic cavity did not connect with the protruding cysts at the stapical area.Conclusion:The variable appearances of the SFF-Re-IEM ears based on the different subtypes are its characteristic HRCT and MRI appearances. This is helpful for the SFF-Re-IEM diagnosing to grasp its imaging features.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII)and soluble leukocyte differentiation antigen 14 subtype(Presepsin)in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes(PROM)complicated with histological chorioamnionitis(HCA).Methods A total of 146 pregnant women with preterm PROM admitted to Suqian First Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected.They were divided into non HCA group(n=44)and HCA group(n=102)based on the presence or absence of HCA.Based on the histological staging of HCA,the preterm PROM complicated with HCA group was divided into stage Ⅰ group(n=39),stage Ⅱ group(n=33)and stage Ⅲ group(n=30).The SII,Presepsin,C-reactive protein(CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)levels of all subjects were detected.Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between these indicators.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of SII,Presepsin and other indicators for HCA in pregnant women with preterm PROM.Results Compared with the non HCA group,the SII(638.96±168.12 vs 421.65±153.84),serum Presepsin(608.62±116.97 ng/L vs 453.84±102.15 ng/L),CRP(7.01±3.02 mg/L vs 4.35±1.86 mg/L)and PCT(0.13±0.05 μg/L vs 0.08±0.03 μg/L)of the HCA group were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.347,7.611,5.410,6.165,all P＜0.05).The levels of SII and serum Presepsin,CRP and PCT in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were increased successively,and the differences were significant(F=25.794,54.230,9.459,16.774,all P＜0.05).Pearson analysis showed that SII in the HCA group was positively correlated with Presepsin,CRP and PCT(r=0.485,0.312,0.353,all P＜0.05),and Presepsin in the HCA group was positively correlated with CRP and PCT(r=0.472,0.421,P＜0.05).ROC(95％CI)analysis showed that the areas under the curve of SII and Presepsin diagnosis of pregnant women with HCA was 0.859(95％CI:0.794～0.923)and 0.877(95％CI:0.820～0.934),respectively,which was significantly larger than those of CRP(0.773,95％CI:0.699～0.847),and PCT(0.774,95％CI:0.698-0.849).Conclusion The levels of SII and Presepsin in pregnant women with preterm PROM complicated with HCA were higher,and the levels of these two indicators were closely related to the histological staging of HCA.SII and Presepsin may have high diagnostic value for preterm PROM pregnant women complicated with HCA.

Objective:To study the correlation between urobilirubin and urine cast, and further assess the accuracy of positive urobilirubin as a new microscopic review rule for urinalysis.Methods:505 inpatients′ urine samples were selected from Wuhan Union Hospital during October 2021 and April 2022, including 339 males and 166 females with an age range of 51.45±16.64 years. 202 samples with positive urobilirubin were selected as study objects and were divided into two groups, one group includes 70 samples with positive urine protein and another group includes 132 samples with negative urine protein. According to the clinical departments′ distribution of the study objects, 40 samples from the corresponding clinical departments with negative urobilirubin were selected as a control group. 200 samples were selected for verification test one without consideration of the clinical department distribution and the urinalysis results and another 63 samples with positive urobilirubin and negative positive urine protein were selected for verification test two. After the IQC of each instrument was passed, the liver and renal functions were detected and the urine samples were detected by dry chemical analysis, automated sediment analyzer, microscope exam after centrifugation, and urine β 2-MG and RBP quantitative detections. Two microscope review rules were defined, rule one: if any of WBC, RBC, PR0/CAST were different between the dry chemical system and urine sediments analyzer and the urine protein was positive by dry chemical analysis. Rule two: positive urobilirubin plus rule one. We estimated the accuracies of the two rules by Mann-Whitney U test and χ 2 test. Results:①The positive rates of the cast of study objects and patients with negative urine protein were 58.42% (118/202)and 55.30%(73/132) respectively, both higher than that of the control group(20%,8/40) (χ 2=19.74,15.36, P<0.01), and on univariate analysis, positive urobilirubin was found to be a significant predictor of urine cast when the urine protein was negative by dry chemical system[OR(95% CI):5.619(2.466-12.806), P<0.01].②Four protocols were used: positive urine protein by dry chemical method, positive cast result by UF-5000i, rule one and rule two. As for the study group, the total review rates of each protocol were 34.65%(70/202), 30.69%(62/202), 60.89%(123/202), and 100% (202/202)respectively, and the false negative rates of the cast were 35.64%(72/202), 30.20%(61/202), 12.87%(26/202)and 0 respectively. As for patients with positive urobilirubin and negative urine protein, the total review rates of each protocol were 0, 22.73%(30/132), 40.15%(53/132), and 100%(132/132) respectively and the false negative rates of the cast were 54.55%(72/132), 34.85%(46/132), 19.70%(26/132)and 0 respectively.③The results of verification test one showed there were no significant differences between the total review rates(50.50% vs 52.50%, χ 2=0.16, P>0.05) and the false negative rates of cast detection(4.50% vs 2.50%, χ 2=1.15, P>0.05)of rule one and rule two. The results of verification test two showed the total review rates of rule two was higher than that of rule one(100% vs 46.03%, χ 2=46.57, P<0.01), and the false negative rates of cast detection of rule two was significantly lower than that of rule one(0 vs 14.29%, χ 2=9.69, P<0.01). Conclusions:Positive urobilirubin can be used to predict urine cast when urine protein was negative by dry chemical method. And we recommended that positive urobilirubin should be considered as a rule of microscopic review of urinalysis to decrease the false negative rate of cast detection of samples with positive urobilirubin and negative urine protein dry chemical method.

Objective:To summarize the clinical and imaging presentations of stapical footplate hernia related to inner ear malformation (SFH-Re-IEM).Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 19 patients (24 ears) with SFH-Re-IEM from Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital between June 2014 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical presentations and headache and the high resolution CT (HRCT) and MRI findings including associated inner ear malformation (IEM) type, internal auditory canal (IAC) malformation, bony defect of the stapical footplate, the extent, margin, density and signal of the herniation cysts, the density and signal of ipsilateral intratympanic, cochlear osseous labyrinthitis were recorded.Results:Among 19 SFH-Re-IEM patients, including 14 males and 5 females, 3 (1, 12) years old. All of the affected ears presented sensorineural or mixed hearing loss, 1 ear for moderate, 7 ears for severe and 16 ears for extremely severe. Besides this, the vertigo in 1 case, otalgia and ear fullness in 2 cases were found, and the others were detected accidentally. Among 24 ears with SFH-Re-IEM, 9 ears (37.5%) consisting with incomplete partition type Ⅰ, 3 ears (12.5%) with common cavity, 7 ears (29.2%) with cochlear aplasia, 3 ears (12.5%) with cochlear dysplasia type Ⅱ, and 2 ears (8.3%) with Mondini deformity were found respectively. Four ears (16.7%) were associated with IAC enlargement and the bony defect of IAC fundus, 19 ears (79.2%) were accompanied with dysplasia in the IAC fundus. In all the 24 ears with SFH-Re-IEM, the focal bony defect of the affected stapical footplate and the hemispherical soft-tissue-density herniating cysts protruding into the tympanium were presented on HRCT, and the herniating cysts presenting the cerebrospinal fluid-like signal with the well-defined margin and the ipsilateral normal tympanium were shown on the MRI hydrographic sequence. Two ears underwent the perilymphaticum gadolinium based on MRI, which demonstrated the hypersignal gadolinium in the perilymphatic space entered into the herniating cysts. Two ears were accompanied with the cochlear osseous labyrinthitis.Conclusion:The ears with IEM-Re-SFH usually present the serious hearing loss. The ipsilateral severe IEM, focal bony defect of the stapical footplate and perilymph herniating are characteristic imaging appearances.

Rotavirus (RV) is one of the main pathogens causing diarrhea in children under five years old, but the mechanism of RV-infected diarrhea is still unclear. The RV genome encodes six structural proteins (VP1-VP4, VP6 and VP7) and six non-structural proteins (NSP1-NSP6), among which NSP4 can interact with other non-structural proteins or structural proteins of RV to produce corresponding biological functions, and is a key factor in the formation of RV morphology, the process of infection and the pathogenesis of diarrhea. In this paper, the current domestic and foreign studies on the structure and function of NSP4 are reviewed.

PURPOSE: Kallikrein (KLK) proteases are hormone-like signaling molecules with critical functions in different cancers. This study investigated the expression of KLK6 in gastric cancer and its potential role in the growth, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we compared protein levels of KLK6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 9 in normal gastric epithelial and gastric cancer cell lines by western blot. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was employed to sort 2 clones of SGC-7901 cells with distinct KLK6 expression, namely, KLK6-high (KLK6high) and KLK6-low (KLK6low), which were then expanded. Lastly, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to investigate KLK6 expression in gastric cancer patients. RESULTS: The expression levels of KLK6, VEGF, and MMP 9, were significantly higher in the gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN-28, and MGC-803 than in the normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Compared to KLK6low cells, KLK6high cells showed enhanced viability, colony-forming ability, migration, and invasion potential in vitro. Importantly, immunohistochemical analysis of a human gastric cancer tissue cohort revealed that the staining for KLK6, VEGF, and MMP9 was markedly stronger in the cancerous tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. KLK6 expression also correlated with that of VEGF and MMP9 expression, as well as several key clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results suggest an important role for KLK6 in human gastric cancer progression.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Cohort Studies ; Epithelial Cells ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kallikreins ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objective Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) plays an important regulatory role in the development of tumor.This study aimed to explore the expression of MYH9 in osteosarcoma tissues and its effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of osteosarcoma cells.Methods We collected 52 cases of osteosarcoma tissues and para-carcinoma tissues at 5 cm form the edge of the tumor.RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression level of MYH9 mRNA and protein in the osteosarcoma tissues and para-carcinoma tissues.MYH9 shRNA plasmid was transfected into U2-OS cells to silenced the expression of MYH9, after transfected, the cells were divided into three groups: the normal U2-OS cells were the control group, the U2-OS cells transfected with empty plasmid were the empty group and U2-OS cells transfected with MYH9 shRNA were interference group.RT-PCR was used to detect the changes of MYH9 mRNA levels in the U2-OS cells, the protein level of MYH9, EMT related protein E-cadherin and Vimentin were detected by Western blot, and the ability of cell invasion was evaluated by Transwell assay.Results The results of RT-PCR showed that the relative expression MYH9 mRNA in para-carcinoma tissues(1.526±0.148) was significantly lower than that in cancer tissues (3.547±0.195) (P<0.05).The results of immunohistochemistry showed that MYH9 protein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm, and the expression in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues, the positive expression rate were 59.6%(31/52) and 26.9%(14/52) respectively, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of Western blot showed that the relative expression of MYH9 mRNA in interference group was significantly lower than that in control group and empty group (P<0.05) after silenced MYH9 gene, and compared with the control group, the E-cadherin in U2-OS cells was significantly up-regulated but the Vimentin was down-regulated.After 48h, all of the groups had cells through the microfiltration membrane, the numbers of cells through the microfiltration membrane in interference group(41.2±15.1) was significantly lower than that in control group(117.3±12.4) and empty group(193.5±14.7) (P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of MYH9 protein in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma t tissues, silenced MYH9 gene can reduce the invasive ability of osteosarcoma by reducing the epithelial interstitial transition.