ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

As a glucocorticoid drug with wide clinical application， triamcinolone acetonide can be administered by multiple routes， such as eye， nose， joint cavity， and skin， for the treatment of various local diseases such as arthritis， macular edema， rhinitis， and urticaria. As a drug with extremely low solubility in water， the dose form of triamcinolone acetonide is closely correlated with administration route and site. The dosage form of triamcinolone acetonide administered via injection（including joint cavity injection， vitreous injection， suprachoroidal injection， intramuscular injection） is mainly suspension， and the representative drugs include Kenalog-40®， Zilretta®， Triesence®， Xipere®， etc.； the dosage forms of nasal mucosal administration are mostly sprays， and the representative drug is Nasacort®； the dosage forms of oral mucosal administration are mostly patches， ointments and creams， and the representative drug is Oracort®； the dosage forms for transdermal administration are mostly ointments， creams and lotions， and the representative drugs include Trianex®， Teva-Triacomb®， etc. At present， the research on dosage forms of triamcinolone acetonide by various administration routes mainly focuses on the construction of delivery carriers， the addition of cosolvents or the use of new delivery tools.

Aim To research the neuroprotective effect of Haikun Shenxi (HKSX) medicated serum on N2a/ App695 cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods HKSX medicated serum was prepared and carbohydrate components in it was analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) . N2a/ App695 cells were intervened with HKSX medicated serum, the cytotoxicity of HKSX medicated serum was measured by MTT; AP[_

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract （GBE） on renal inflammation in diabetic nephropathy （DN） model mice， and its potential mechanism. METHODS KK/Ay mice were fed with high fat and high sugar to induce DN model. They were divided into model group， positive control group [metformin 200 mg/（kg·d）]， GBE low-dose and high-dose groups [100， 200 mg/（kg·d）]， with 6 mice in each group. Six C57BL/6J mice were fed with a regular diet as the control group. Administration groups were given relevant liquid intragastrically， control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 8 consecutive weeks. The body weight， fasting blood glucose， 24-hour food intake， 24-hour urine output， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）， interleukin-12 （IL-12）， IL-10， advanced glycation end products （AGEs）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and serum creatinine （Scr） of mice were measured， and the ratio of bilateral kidneys to body weight was also calculated. The pathological injury and fibrotic changes of the renal cortex were observed， and the expressions of macrophage polarization marker proteins [type M1： inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）； type M2： arginase-1 （Arg-1）] and AGEs-the receptor of advanced glycation end products （RAGE）/Ras homolog gene pharm_chenjing@163.com family member A （RhoA）/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase （ROCK） signaling pathway-related proteins were determined in renal cortex. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the symptoms such as renal cortical hyperplasia， vacuoles， infiltration of inflammatory cells， and renal cortical fibrosis had been improved in GBE low-dose and high-dose groups； body weight， serum level of IL-10， the expression of Arg-1 in the renal cortex were significantly higher than model group （P＜ 0.01）； fasting blood glucose， 24-hour food intake， 24-hour urine output， serum levels of MCP-1， IL-12， BUN， Scr and AGEs， the ratio of bilateral kidneys to body weight， renal injury score， the proportion of renal interstitial fibrosis， the protein expressions of iNOS， RAGE， RhoA and ROCK1 （except for GBE low-dose group） in renal cortex were significantly lower than model group （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS GBE could improve kidney damage and alleviate inflammatory response in DN model mice， the mechanism of which may be related to inhibiting the AGEs-RAGE/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and regulating macrophage polarization.

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whose pathogenesis remains elusive, is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic, progressive, and lifelong inflammation of the digestive tract. The pathogenesis of IBD remains elusive. Although a number of drugs have been developed to treat IBD, their effects are merely anti-inflammatory. In addition, current treatments for IBD are easily susceptible to resistance in clinical practice. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to have the ability to migrate to the site of inflammation, with potent immunoregulatory effects, and to rebalance the immune microenvironment and restore the integrity of the epithelial barrier with significant value of application, particularly for patients who are refractory to classic medicines. In this paper, we reviewed the clinical applications, mechanisms and engineerable properties of MSC products and their exosomes to provide some reference for the use of MSCs and their exosomes in the treatment of IBD.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of letrozole combined with methylprednisolone on clinical outcomes， ovarian reserve function， serum sex hormones， and safety in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome resistant to clomiphene. METHODS The clinical data of 78 infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome resistant to clomiphene in the Department of Gynecology of Qingdao Central Hospital from February 2021 to January 2022 was analyzed retrospectively， and all patients were divided into control group （42 cases） and observation group （36 cases） based on the treatment methods. The control group took letrozole 5 mg/d orally on the 5th to 9th day of the menstrual cycle. Vaginal ultrasound was used to monitor the development of the endometrium and follicles； estradiol valerate was used to correct endometrial thickness， and measures such as inducing ovulation with follicle-stimulating hormone were taken to promote pregnancy. On the basis of treatment in the control group， the observation group began taking methylprednisolone orally at a dose of 4 mg/d starting from the third day of natural menstruation or withdrawal bleeding. Both groups were treated for 6 menstrual cycles. The ovulation and pregnancy within one year， serum levels of sex hormones [estradiol （E2）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， testosterone] and anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH）， ovulation indicators （follicle growth time， the number of ovulations， and the number of dominant follicles）， and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS After treatment， the biochemical pregnancy rate （72.22%） and clinical pregnancy rate （47.22%） of the observation group were significantly higher than those of control group （47.62%， 19.05%）； the serum levels of E2， LH， FSH， testosterone and AMH were significantly lower than the control group； the follicle growth time was significantly shorter than the control group； the number of ovulation and dominant follicles were significantly higher than the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in ovulation rate （94.44% vs. 83.33%） and total incidence of adverse drug reactions （8.33% vs. 9.52%） between the observation group and the control group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Compared with letrozole alone， the combination of letrozole and methylprednisolone can significantly improve the pregnancy rate， the sex hormone levels and ovarian reserve function in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome resistant to clomiphene， with high safety profiles.

Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia(IDA)and its related influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for the TCM prevention and treatment of IDA in pregnancy.Methods A total of 109 eligible patients with IDA during pregnancy were included in the study.The general data of pregnant women,the TCM constitution types and relevant laboratory indicators including serum ferritin(Fer),hemoglobin(Hb)and mean corpuscular volume(MCV)were collected.Statistical analyses were conducted on the distribution of TCM constitution types of IDA pregnant women and its related influencing factors as well as the pregnancy outcomes.Results(1)The 109 IDA pregnant women were predominated by biased constitution types,accounted for 60 cases(55.05％).The distribution of the constitution types of 109 IDA pregnant women was as follows:balanced constitution(49 cases,44.95％)>damp-heat constitution(13 cases,11.93％)>yang deficiency constitution(12 cases,11.01％)>yin deficiency constitution(11 cases,10.09％)>qi deficiency constitution(10 cases,9.17％)>qi stagnation constitution(9 cases,8.26％)>blood stasis constitution(3 cases,2.75％)>phlegm-damp constitution(2 cases,1.83％).(2)Comparison of Hb and MCV levels in IDA pregnant women with various constitution types showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05),but Fer level in IDA pregnant women with damp-heat constitution was significantly higher than that in IDA pregnant women with balanced constitution(P<0.01),and the probability of occurrence of amniotic opacity in IDA pregnant women with damp-heat constitution was significantly higher than that in IDA pregnant women with balanced constitution and other biased constitution types(P<0.05).Conclusion Damp-heat constitution is the most common TCM constitution type in pregnant women with IDA,followed by yang deficiency constitution,yin deficiency constitution and qi deficiency constitution.The damp-heat constitution may be the susceptible constitution of pregnant women with IDA,and IDA pregnant women with damp-heat constitution have significantly higher Fer level than those with balanced constitution,and also have the higher probability of occurrence of amniotic opacity than those with balanced constitution and other biased constitution types.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Modified Tongxie Yaofang(Important Formula for Relieving Diarrhea with Pain)in the treatment of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)with liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome.Methods Sixty patients with IBS-D of liver depression and spleen deficiency type were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,30 patients in each group.The patients in the treatment group were given modified Tongxie Yaofang,and the patients in the control group were given Pivacurium Bromide Tablets(Dicetel).Both groups were treated for a 4-week course of treatment.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,irritable bowel syndrome quality of life(IBS-QOL)scores,Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)scores of the two groups were observed before and after the treatment.Moreover,the efficacy for overall symptomatic improvement in the two groups was evaluated according to the grading of irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score(IBS-SSS),and the efficacy for improving single symptom such as abdominal pain and diarrhea as well as the relapse after 4 weeks of drug cessation in the two groups were compared.Results(1)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate for overall symptomatic improvement in the treatment group was 83.33%(25/30),and that in the control group was 43.33%(13/30).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy for overall symptomatic improvement in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(2)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate for improving single symptom of abdominal pain and diarrhea in the treatment group was 80.00%(24/30),90.00%(27/30),and that in the control group was 43.33%(13/30),46.67%(14/30),respectively.The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy for improving single symptom of abdominal pain and diarrhea in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After 4 weeks of treatment,the TCM syndrome scores,IBS-QOL scores,and HAMA scores of patients in both groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the decrease in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After 4 weeks of drug withdrawal,the recurrence rate of the treatment group was 24.00%(6/25),which was significantly lower than that of the control group(61.54%,8/13),and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Modified Tongxie Yaofang exerts certain effect in treating patients with IBS-D of liver depression and spleen deficiency type,and the decoction is effective on decreasing the scores of symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea as well as TCM syndrome scores,improving the quality of life of the patients,and alleviating the anxiety status of the patients.

Objective To develop an undergraduate curriculum for nursing engineering hence to provide a reference for establishing an innovative thinking of nursing undergraduates and cultivating innovative talents with interdisciplinary knowledge in nursing and engineering.Methods Based on literatures review,the primary undergraduate curriculum for nursing engineering was drafted through the expert focus method.With the Delphi method,20 experts were engaged in two rounds of correspondence consultation to finalise the curriculum.Results The response rate from two rounds of expert consultation was 100.00%,with an expert authority coefficient of 0.855.Of the first and second round of consultations,the coefficient of variation of each item was 0.09-0.28 and 0.08-0.24,respectively,and the Kendall coordination coefficient was 0.130-0.210 and 0.152-0.350,respectively(all P<0.01).The average importance of each item for the first round of consultation was 3.45 to 4.68,with a standard deviation from 0.51 to 1.14,and it was 3.80 to 4.85 for the second round with a standard deviation from 0.37 to 0.99.Finally,the undergraduate curriculum for nursing engineering was finalised.It included 4 primary indicators,10 secondary indicators and 38 tertiary indicators.Conclusions The developed undergraduate curriculum for nursing engineering meets the requirement of clinical medicine and development in nursing science.The curriculum is authoritative and scientific,therefore it can provide a reference for the training of innovative talents with interdisciplinary knowledge of nursing and engineering in China.