As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

Tricellulin, a key tricellular tight junction (TJ) protein, is essential for maintaining the barrier integrity of acinar epithelia against macromolecular passage in salivary glands. This study aims to explore the role and regulatory mechanism of tricellulin in the development of salivary gland hypofunction in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Employing a multifaceted approach involving patient biopsies, non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice as a SS model, salivary gland acinar cell-specific tricellulin conditional knockout (Tric^CKO) mice, and IFN-γ-stimulated salivary gland epithelial cells, we investigated the role of tricellulin in SS-related hyposalivation. Our data revealed diminished levels of tricellulin in salivary glands of SS patients. Similarly, NOD mice displayed a reduction in tricellulin expression from the onset of the disease, concomitant with hyposecretion and an increase in salivary albumin content. Consistent with these findings, Tric^CKO mice exhibited both hyposecretion and leakage of macromolecular tracers when compared to control animals. Mechanistically, the JAK/STAT1/miR-145 axis was identified as mediating the IFN-γ-induced downregulation of tricellulin. Treatment with AT1001, a TJ sealer, ameliorated epithelial barrier dysfunction, restored tricellulin expression, and consequently alleviated hyposalivation in NOD mice. Importantly, treatment with miR-145 antagomir to specifically recover the expression of tricellulin in NOD mice significantly alleviated hyposalivation and macromolecular leakage. Collectively, we identified that tricellulin deficiency in salivary glands contributed to hyposalivation in SS. Our findings highlight tricellulin as a potential therapeutic target for hyposecretion, particularly in the context of reinforcing epithelial barrier function through preventing leakage of macromolecules in salivary glands.
Sjogren's Syndrome/complications* ; Animals ; Xerostomia/etiology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; MARVEL Domain Containing 2 Protein/metabolism* ; Humans ; Mice, Knockout ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interferon-gamma ; Salivary Glands/metabolism* ; Tight Junctions/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Female

Objective : To investigate the role of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9(Card9) inAspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus) keratitis and the effect of its deficiency on macrophage resistance to fungal infection. Methods : (1) C57BL/7 mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected and the mice pretreated Card9 siRNA and Blank siRNA, respectively, and the expression of Card9 in each group was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. The corneal epithelium of the mice was scraped away 72 hours later, andA.fumigatusspore suspension was injected into the corneal stroma. The corneal scores were recorded at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d after infection. The expression of Card9, nuclear factor κB(NF-κB), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), interleukin 6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in each group was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical(IHC).(2) Human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs) and human monocytic-leukemia cells(THP-1)in vitro, RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of Card9 gene in the two cells, and a stable cell line of THP-1 cells was constructed using shRNA vectors. The expression of Card9 in the cell line was detected by Western Blot and RT-PCR. The cells were induced into macrophages and stimulation byA.fumigatus, and the expression of Card9, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was detected by RT-PCR. Results : Card9 expression increased inA.fumigatuskeratitis, mainly distributed in cytoplasm of immune cells. The expression of Card9 in the cornea of mice treated with Card9 siRNA was significantly reduced. After inhibiting the expression of Card9 gene, the expressions of Card9, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly decreased and the changes of IL-1β were most significant. Inin vitrostudies, Card9 exhibited negligible expression in human corneal epithelial cells, contrasting with its pronounced expression in THP-1 cells. After the induction of macrophages, Card9, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly upregulated under the stimulation ofA.fumigatus. After inhibiting the expression of Card9, the stimulated expression of these factors was significantly reduced, with the most notable change observed in IL-1β. Conclusion Card9 is involved in the inflammatory development and healing process ofA.fumigatuskeratitis. Card9 deficiency can cause functional impairment of macrophages and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors to a certain extent, in which IL-1β has the greatest effect.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of the two design schemes of heart-shaped incision and "Mercedes-Benz incision" (three-leaf method) in umbilicoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients who underwent umbilicoplasty during abdominoplasty admitted to the Body Contouring & Fat Grafting Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from November 2019 to September 2022. During the umbilicalplasty operation, different patients were treated with either a heart-shaped incision or a "Mercedes-Benz incision" three-flap method. The umbilical cord for infection, hematoma and other complications were observed after surgery; a 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the aesthetic effect of the new umbilicus 6 months after surgery(3-15 points, the higher the score, the better the aesthetic effect); the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used to score the scar condition 6 months after surgery (0-18 points, the higher the score, the better the scar condition). Postoperatively, patients were surveyed on umbilical shape satisfaction, which was divided into three levels: dissatisfied, relatively satisfied, and very satisfied. Normally distributed measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD, and independent samples t-test was used for comparison between two groups. P<0.05 was considered as a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 35 patients were enrolled, all of whom were female. Among them, 19 cases underwent heart-shaped incision, and 16 cases underwent umbilicoplasty using "Mercedes-Benz incision". The ages of the two groups were (32.3±2.7) years old and (33.7±2.3) years old respectively. At the 6-month follow-up after surgery, the total aesthetic effect score of the umbilical cord in the heart-shaped incision group was higher than that in the "Mercedes-Benz incision" group [(13.3±0.7) points vs. (12.7±0.5) points, P<0.05]. The VSS score of the heart-shaped incision group was lower than that of the "Mercedes-Benz incision" group [(2.6±0.8) points vs. (3.4±0.9) points, P<0.05]. The results of the satisfaction survey after umbilicoplasty showed that in the heart-shaped incision group, 3 cases were relatively satisfied and 16 cases were very satisfied; in the "Mercedes-Benz incision" group, 2 cases were relatively satisfied and 14 cases were very satisfied. Conclusion:Compared with the classic "Mercedes-Benz incision", the heart-shaped incision design can obtain a better-shaped, more natural new umbilicus and a more invisible scar after umbilicoplasty.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of the two design schemes of heart-shaped incision and "Mercedes-Benz incision" (three-leaf method) in umbilicoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients who underwent umbilicoplasty during abdominoplasty admitted to the Body Contouring & Fat Grafting Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from November 2019 to September 2022. During the umbilicalplasty operation, different patients were treated with either a heart-shaped incision or a "Mercedes-Benz incision" three-flap method. The umbilical cord for infection, hematoma and other complications were observed after surgery; a 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the aesthetic effect of the new umbilicus 6 months after surgery(3-15 points, the higher the score, the better the aesthetic effect); the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used to score the scar condition 6 months after surgery (0-18 points, the higher the score, the better the scar condition). Postoperatively, patients were surveyed on umbilical shape satisfaction, which was divided into three levels: dissatisfied, relatively satisfied, and very satisfied. Normally distributed measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD, and independent samples t-test was used for comparison between two groups. P<0.05 was considered as a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 35 patients were enrolled, all of whom were female. Among them, 19 cases underwent heart-shaped incision, and 16 cases underwent umbilicoplasty using "Mercedes-Benz incision". The ages of the two groups were (32.3±2.7) years old and (33.7±2.3) years old respectively. At the 6-month follow-up after surgery, the total aesthetic effect score of the umbilical cord in the heart-shaped incision group was higher than that in the "Mercedes-Benz incision" group [(13.3±0.7) points vs. (12.7±0.5) points, P<0.05]. The VSS score of the heart-shaped incision group was lower than that of the "Mercedes-Benz incision" group [(2.6±0.8) points vs. (3.4±0.9) points, P<0.05]. The results of the satisfaction survey after umbilicoplasty showed that in the heart-shaped incision group, 3 cases were relatively satisfied and 16 cases were very satisfied; in the "Mercedes-Benz incision" group, 2 cases were relatively satisfied and 14 cases were very satisfied. Conclusion:Compared with the classic "Mercedes-Benz incision", the heart-shaped incision design can obtain a better-shaped, more natural new umbilicus and a more invisible scar after umbilicoplasty.

Novel coronavirus Omicron variant infection can cause severe illness and even death in certain populations. Omicron variant infection may lead to systemic inflammatory response, coagulation disorder, multi-organ dysfunction and other pathophysiological changes, which are different from other Novel coronavirus variants to a certain extent, so therapeutic strategies should not be the same. The National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events invited experts in fields of infectious diseases, respiratory medicine, intensive care, pediatrics and fever clinic to develop this quick guideline based on the current best evidence and extensive clinical practices. This quick guideline aims to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus Omicron infection, and to improve the disease management abilities of clinicians.

Since 2010, the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has been increased. Owing the progress in diagnosis and treatment, the overall mortality of SFTS in China has decreased, while the mortality in critical SFTS patients is still high. In order to provide guidance and working procedures for clinicians to diagnose and treat critical SFTS, the National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events invited experts to discuss and formulate this consensus based on their experience and up-to-date knowledge on SFTS.

Objective:To investigate the application of the modified double-clamp surgery with the preservation of Scarpa fascia in abdominoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was carried out in 26 female patients with total abdominoplasty who were admitted from March 2020 to January 2022, ranging in age from 26 to 50 years with averaged 36.9 years. The patients were divided into flap clamp group (12 cases) and Scarpa fascia clamp group (14 cases). The surgical time of abdominoplasty (excluding liposuction time), the occurrence of postoperative seroma, and postoperative incision infection were recorded in the two groups.Results:The average surgical time of the patients in the Scarpa fascia clamp group was 136 minutes, which was significantly lower than that of the flap clamp group (153 minutes) ( P<0.05). There was no postoperative seroma and incision infection in the two groups, and the postoperative incision healing grades were I/A. Conclusions:The modified double-clamp procedure with preservation of the Scarpa fascia can effectively reduce the surgical time and improve the operation efficiency.