Objective To investigate the presence of pepsin and trypsin in the middle ear effusion of children with acute suppurative otitis media(ASOM).Methods Middle ear effusion samples were collected from 71 children with ASOM at Children's Hospital of Xuzhou.According to the characteristics of the middle ear effusions,the effu-sion was divided into serous and mucous types.The pH testing,Western Blotting(WB),and enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA)were performed.Results ① There were 49.29％(35/71)of ASOM patients had a posi-tive RSI score(＞13).② The positive rate of pepsin in ASOM children was 49.29％(35/71),and the positive rate of trypsin was 42.25％(30/71).In addition,the positive rate of pepsin in RSI-positive children was 100％(35/35),and the positive rate of trypsin was 60％(21/35).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of pepsin and trypsin between serous and mucous middle ear effusion(P＞0.05).③ The pepsin concentration was 47.80(39.80,69.30)ng/ml and the trypsin concentration was 291.87±20.45 ng/ml in middle ear effusion of chil-dren with ASOM who had a positive WB test,and the trypsin concentration was significantly higher than pepsin(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the pepsin and the trypsin concentrations in serous and mu-cous middle ear effusion(P＞0.05).④ The pH value of mucous middle ear effusion was 7.39±0.28,and the pH value of serous middle ear effusion was 7.36±0.26.There was no significant difference between the pH value in se-rous and mucous middle ear effusion(P＞0.05).Conclusion The detection rates of pepsin and trypsin in middle ear effusion of children with ASOM were high which has important diagnostic value for children with ASOM combined with LPRD.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To establish a detection method for fingerprints and content determination of free sugar and hydrolyzed monosaccharide of intracellular glycopeptides in Coriolus versicolor. METHODS PMP derivatization after ultrasonic extraction with water as solvent was determined for free sugars, and PMP derivatization after acid hydrolysis was determined for hydrolyzed monosaccharides. The free sugars and hydrolyzed monosaccharides of raw materials and intermediates of intracellular glycopeptides from different manufacturers were analyzed by HPLC qualitatively and quantitatively. The fingerprints were analyzed by chemometrics analysis, and the differences between intracellular glycopeptides produced by different manufacturers were discussed. RESULTS Both two methods were validated by methodology. The samples from different manufacturers were clustered separately, and three free sugars and two hydrolyzed monosaccharides contributed greatly to the quality difference of intracellular glycopeptides of Coriolus versicolor. CONCLUSION The established analytical method can be effectively used for the determination of free sugars and hydrolyzed monosaccharides in the intracellular glycopeptide of Coriolus versicolor and the study of fingerprints. The adopted chemometrics research method provides guidance for the quality control of the intracellular glycopeptide of Coriolus versicolor.

Recent studies have discovered a selective autophagy-lipophagy, which can selectively identify and degrade lipids and plays an important role in regulating cellular lipid metabolism and maintaining intracellular lipid homeostasis. The process of lipophagy can be directly or indirectly regulated by genes, enzymes, transcriptional regulators and other factors. This review examines the role of lipophagy in reducing liver lipid content, regulating pancreatic lipid metabolism, and regulating adipose tissue differentiation, and summarizes the findings of the molecules (Rab GTPase, enzymes, ion channels, transcription factors, small molecular substances) involved in the regulation of lipophagy, which points to new directions for the treatment of diseases caused by lipid accumulation.
Adipose Tissue ; Autophagy ; Homeostasis ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 7 constituents in Wikstroemia indica,and to conduct principal component analysis and cluster analysis. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was per-formed on Diamonsil Platisil ODS column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.15% triethylamine solution(pH adjusted to 6.0 with phosphoric acid,gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm,and col-umn temperature was 40 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted for the results of content determination by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. RESULTS:The linear ranges were 2.688-53.76μg/mL for nar-ingin(r=0.9998),5.052-101.00 μg/mL for myricetin(r=0.9999),2.052-41.04 μg/mL for arctiin(r=0.9999),2.108-42.16 μg/mL(r=0.9999),5.112-102.20 μg/mL(r=0.9999),0.820-16.42 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.070-41.40 μg/mL(r=0.9999),respec-tively. The limits of quantitation were no higher than 1.0720 μg/mL,the limits of detection were no higher than 0.3318 μg/mL. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%. The recoveries were 97.8%-102.5%(RSD=1.8%, n=6),97.2%-102.0%(RSD=2.0%,n=6),95.2%-100.1%(RSD=1.7%,n=6),95.2%-99.3%(RSD=1.6%,n=6), 97.0%-100.8%(RSD=1.3%,n=6),95.5%-98.6%(RSD=1.1%,n=6),95.0%-99.3%(RSD=1.8%,n=6),respectively. Three main components were belong to the samples of 10 batches of medicinal materials. The samples of medicinal materials from 10 pro-ducing area could be divided into 2 categories. The quality of W. indica from Qingyuan Guangdong and Guiyang Guizhou were bet-ter than others. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and reproducible,and it can be used for simultaneous de-termination of 7 constituents in medicinal material. The quality of W. indica from different regions are quite different.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen sulfide combined with mild hypothermia on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Eighty male SD rats, aged 3 months, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation group (group S), cerebral I/R group,mild hypothermia group (group M), sodium hydrosulfide group (group NaHS) and NaHS + mild hypothermia group (group NM). In group I/R, M, NaHS and NM, cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of 4 vessels (cauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries and 15 min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries) followed by reperfusion. In group NaHS and NM, intraperitoneal NaHS 14 μmol/kg was injected immediately after reperfusion, while the equal volume of normal saline was injected in the other three groups. At the same time, the rectal temperature was reduced to 32-33 ℃ within 15 min, lasting for 6 h, in group M and NM, while it was maintained at 36-37 ℃by physical method in other groups. Twelve rats of each group were sacrificed after 6 h of reperfusion, and then the hippocampus was removed for determination of the content of H2 S by using spectrophotometer and the expression of p-CREB and BDNF mRNA by using Western blot and RT-PCR respectively. Four rats in each group were sacririced after 72 h of reperfusion and then the hippocampus was removed for microscopic examination. Results The cerebral I/R injury was attenuated in group M, NaHS and NM compared with group I/R, with the slightest injury in group NM. The H2S content was significantly higher in group I/R, M, NaHS and NM than in group S, and in group NaHS and NM than in group I/R and M. The expression of p-CREB and BNDF mRNA was significantly higher in group I/R, M, NaHS and NM than in group S, and in group M, NaHS and NM than in group I/R. The BDNF mRNA expression was significantly higher in group NM than in group M and NaHS. There was no significant difference in the H2S content and the expression of p-CREB and BNDF mRNA between group NaHS and M.Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide combined with mild hypothermia can attenuate cerebral I/R injury by up-regulating the expression of p-CREB and BDNF mRNA in hippocampus in rats.