Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding after renal transplantation and summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic experience. Methods Clinical data of 16 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding after renal transplantation admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to January 2025 were collected, including clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and auxiliary examination results such as gastroscopy and colonoscopy. The bleeding sites, causes, treatment plans and outcomes of the patients were analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed. Results Among the 16 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, 12 had upper gastrointestinal bleeding (3 with esophageal bleeding, 7 with gastric bleeding and 2 with duodenal bleeding) and 4 had lower gastrointestinal bleeding (2 with ileal bleeding and 2 with anal bleeding). Among the 16 patients, the 4 with lower gastrointestinal bleeding all presented with hematochezia. Of the 12 with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 2 patients only had positive fecal occult blood and decreased hemoglobin levels without hematemesis or melena, 9 patients had melena and 1 patient had hematemesis. The hemoglobin levels of the 16 patients were (71±18) g/L. One patient had symptoms of shock, 9 had symptoms of anemia such as dizziness, fatigue and chest tightness, and 6 had good general conditions. Among the 16 patients, 10 had mild gastrointestinal bleeding and stable general conditions, which were curable by drugs. Two patients with peptic ulcers and exposed vessels on gastroscopy were treated with hemostasis by titanium clips. One patient with gastroesophageal tear was treated with hemostasis by titanium clips. One patient with esophageal variceal rupture bleeding was treated with endoscopic variceal ligation. One patient with hemorrhoidal bleeding underwent selective annual resection of the superior hemorrhoidal mucosa with stapled hemorrhoidopexy. One patient with active ileal bleeding on emergency enhanced abdominal CT was treated with endovascular embolization of the mesenteric artery. One patient was discharged automatically due to coma caused by extensive cerebral infarction, and the remaining patients were all cured and discharged with good prognosis. Conclusions Gastrointestinal bleeding after renal transplantation has diverse clinical manifestations, varying severity and many causes. Early diagnosis and treatment should be actively carried out. In addition to drug therapy, endoscopic, interventional or surgical treatment may be used when necessary to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic effects and minimize the functional damage of gastrointestinal bleeding to the transplant kidney.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of blue light on emmetropization in guinea pigs， explore the potential mechanisms and assess its application in myopia prevention and control. MethodsThree-week-old male guinea pigs （n=20） were randomly assigned to the white light group and the blue light group. Refraction and ocular biological parameters were measured every 2 weeks until the experiment ended at week 8. And the 4D-data-independent acquisition （4D-DIA） proteomics technology was used to analyze retina from both the blue light and white light groups， exploring protein composition， expression differences， and biological functions. ResultsAfter 2 weeks， Guinea pigs exposed to white light gradually tended towards emmetropia， showing a statistically significant difference in refractive error compared to the blue light group （P<0.001）. From week 4， the axial length of the blue light group was significantly shorter than that of the white light group （P<0.05）. Meanwhile， the vitreous chamber length in the blue light group was significantly smaller than that of the white light group from week 2 （P<0.05）. A total of 161 differentially expressed proteins were identified by proteomics technology in the retina， with 98 proteins upregulated and 63 proteins downregulated. These proteins were primarily enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as vesicle transport， redox reaction， niacin and nicotinamide metabolism and NAD+ metabolism. ConclusionsGuinea pigs raised under blue light exhibit hyperopic drift and slowed axial elongation， which slows the procession of emmetropization. Based on the 4D-DIA technology， the differentially expressed proteins between the blue light and white light groups are primarily involved in NAD+ metabolism， niacin and nicotinamide metabolism. Especially in NAD+ salvage synthesis， nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase （NAMPT） is upregulated， while sirtuin 2 （SIRT2） is downregulated. It provides new insights into the mechanism of blue light in emmetropization and a theoretical basis for myopia prevention and control.

Objective:To investigate whether intestinal rehabilitation therapy (IRT)could optimize the effectiveness of IRT in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) caused by acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) with chronic multivessel lesions.Methods:Clinical data of 18 hospitalized patients diagnosed with AMI leading to SBS and undergoing IRT at the Eastern Theater General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army from Jan 2012 to Oct 2023 was retrospectively analyzed.Result:Following IRT, the revascularization group showed significantly greater increases in ASMI and grip strength compared to the control group [(0.28±0.26) kg/m 2vs. (0.02±0.21) kg/m 2, P=0.033, and (0.97±0.33) kg vs. (0.48±0.34) kg, P=0.007, respectively]. Similarly, the increase in EN intake was significantly higher in the revascularization group compared to the control group [(572.5±93.6) ml/d vs. (375.2±176.3) ml/d, P=0.012], accompanied by a greater improvement in intestinal nitrogen absorption rate [(25.06±14.06)% vs. (13.84±4.62)%, P=0.034] and a more substantial decrease in GSRS scores [(-15.88±3.94) vs. (-6.33±5.13), P=0.030]. Moreover, there were significant differences in the composition of EN formulations between the two groups after IRT ( P=0.046). Additionally, SF-36 scores at discharge were significantly higher in the revascularization group than that in the control group for five indicators including BP, GH, VT, SF, and MH ( P<0.05). Conclusions:For patients with SBS resulting from AMI by chronic multivessel lesions, revascularization therapy may not leading to higher growth in weight and hematological nutritional indicators during IRT, but it is beneficial for improving muscle function, improving EN absorption, increasing the likelihood of PN independence, relieving gastrointestinal symptoms, and enhancing overall quality of life.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of nasal administration of non-mitogenic acid fibroblast growth factor(NMFGF1) loaded nanoparticles(NMFGF1-NPs) on the improvement of cognitive function in vascular dementia(VD) mice and its mechanism. METHODS Nanoparticles containing NMFGF1(NMFGF1-NPs) were prepared by water-in-water emulsion technique and characterized. The mice were divided into sham group, VD model group, blank-NPs group, NMFGF1 solution group and NMFGF1-NPs group after repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion to establish VD test model, and then given the corresponding form of drug intervention by nasal cavity. After drug intervention, Morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning and memory function of the animals in each group from the perspective of behavior. Meanwhile, the morphology, arrangement and apoptosis index(AI) of hippocampal neurons in each group were evaluated by pathological methods such as HE staining, FJB staining and Tunel apoptosis staining. In addition, ELISA and Western blotting were used to investigate the molecular mechanism of NMFGF1-NPs improving VD by nasal administration. RESULTS The morphology of NMFGF1-NPs was round. The encapsulation rate of NMFGF1-NPs respectively was (87.76±5.89)%. Morris water maze results showed that the behavioral indexes of mice in VD model group were significantly different from those in sham operation group(P<0.01). At the same time, the pathological results showed that the neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the VD model group were disordered, the cells morphology and structure were missing, and the AI was significantly increased compared with that in the sham operation group(P<0.01). Meanwhile, compared with the VD model group, the NMFGF1-NPs treatment group showed significant improvement in various behavioral indexes, and the hippocampal neuron cells were intact and orderly, and the AI index was significantly decreased(P<0.01). ELISA and Western blotting analysis showed that compared with that of VD model group and other intervention groups, the content of MDA in the brain of NMFGF1-NPs treatment group was significantly decreased. While the content of SOD, NO and the expressions of Nrf2, SOD-1 and GSTO1/2 was significantly increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Nasal administration of NMFGF1-NPs can play the role of antioxidant stress damage by activating Nrf2/ARE signal pathway, and ultimately improve the learning and cognitive function of VD mice.

Starch is the predominant compound in bulb scales, and previous studies have shown that bulblet development is closely associated with starch enrichment. However, how starch synthesis affects bulbification at the molecular level is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that

Objective: To explore the longitudinal association of the levels of plasma irisin among children with changes in obesity related parameters and newly onset obesity, and to explore whether physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) have regulatory effects, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of childhood obesity work. Methods: Cluster random sampling method was used to select 521 children from five schools in Guangzhou in 2017 at baseline and were followed up in 2019. A based on baseline PA and SB, children who meet the following criterion were selected:moderate vigorous intensity PA≥60 min/d or <150 min/week; and gender , age specific SB≥ P 75 or SB < P 25 . Plasma irisin concentration was measured in all the selected children. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were conducted to analyze the association. Results: The two year cumulative incidence of obesity, overweight and obesity, and central obesity was 2.82%, 6.57%, and 6.81%, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between plasma irisin levels and changes in obesity related parameters, newly onset overweight obesity or central obesity among children ( P >0.05). After stratified by PA, the irisin concentration in the low PA group was positively associated with weight change ( B=0.229, P =0.03). After stratified by SB, the irisin concentration in the low SB group was positively associated with the height change ( B=0.210, P <0.05). In addition, PA level and SB level both had a moderating effect on the association between plasma irisin levels and the weight change ( P PA=0.01, P SB =0.05). Conclusion PA and SB show moderating effect on plasma irisin concentration and weight gain. No association of irisin concentration with newly onset overweight or obesity among children has been found.

Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide, such as the on-going outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of human DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against SARS-CoV-2. Notably, S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor so far with an EC of 17 nmol/L and an SI value of 10,505.88 in infected cells. Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knock-out cells. This work demonstrates that both S312/S416 and old drugs (Leflunomide/Teriflunomide) with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-regulation may have clinical potentials to cure SARS-CoV-2 or other RNA viruses circulating worldwide, no matter such viruses are mutated or not.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Binding Sites ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; virology ; Crotonates ; pharmacology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; drug effects ; Leflunomide ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; drug therapy ; Oseltamivir ; therapeutic use ; Oxidoreductases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; virology ; Protein Binding ; drug effects ; Pyrimidines ; biosynthesis ; RNA Viruses ; drug effects ; physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Toluidines ; pharmacology ; Ubiquinone ; metabolism ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

OBJECTIVEThe research regarding the central mechanism of acupuncture (arrival of ) based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in recent 10 years was analyzed to summarize existing research achievements and experience.

METHODSThe literature regarding fMRI-based research published from January of 2007 through December of 2016 in CNKI and PubMed databases was collected. The research content and methods, including research design, inclusion criteria, acupoint selection and evaluation, were analyzed.

RESULTSTotally 18 articles regarding the central mechanism of acupuncture based on fMRI was included. According to research content, the literature was divided into two categories: research and sensation research. In research, the differences of and not on brain functional activity were compared to summarize the central response pattern of ; in sensation research, the differences of different sensations and intensities of on central response were compared to explore the effects of different sensations and intensities of on brain functional activity. In recent 10 years, the number of research gradually increased, and the type of design was various, mainly RCT and paired design. The majority of participants was healthy people, and single acupoint was the focus of researches, including Zusanli (ST 36), Waiguan (TE 5), Hegu (LI 4), etc. The evaluation of was based on visual analogue scale (VAS). The research contents were mainly the effects of and not and different sensations on brain function activities. The present studies confirmed that and not as well as different sensations had different impacts on brain functional effects, and different acupoints had specific activated brain areas. There was a positive correlation between the degree of and the intensity of the activation of brain regions. Furthermore, tingling sensation was not included to sensations.

CONCLUSIONThe number and quality of fMRI-based research need to be improved; the research content is simple, and research method is in exploratory stage. The results obtained in the literature are the phenomena of in the central level, and it is imperative to summarize the essential link between and the central effect through these phenomena to reveal the mechanism of . The specific impact of for brain function needs more clinical exploration.