ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Magnolia officinalis cortex for constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome（IBS-C） rats before and after sweating. MethodIBS-C rat model was established by gavage of ice water， and rats were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， mosapride group（1 mg·kg^-1）， M. officinalis cortex group（10 g·kg^-1） and sweated M. officinalis cortex group（10 g·kg^-1）. The changes of body weight， fecal number and fecal water content of rats were observed， 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the structural changes of fecal intestinal flora in rats， the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） and substance P（SP） in colonic tissues of rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. ResultCompared with the model group， the fecal water content and fecal number of mosapride group， M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group were significantly increased（P<0.05）. At the phylum level， the top four species of flora abundance were Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes， Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria. Compared with the blank group， the proportion of Firmicutes in the model group was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， while the proportion of Spirochaetes was significantly increased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the proportion of Firmicutes and Spirochaetes in M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group tended to be similar to that in the blank group， and the proportion of Spirochaetes in sweated M. officinalis cortex group was lower than that of M. officinalis cortex group. At the family level， the top four species of flora abundance were Lactobacillaceae， S24_7， Ruminococcaceae， Bacteroidaceae， compared with the blank group， the proportion of Lactobacillaceae in the model group decreased significantly（P<0.05）， and its proportion in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group increased significantly after administration（P<0.05）， and the flora structure of the two groups tended to be similar to that of the blank group. At the genus level， the top four species of flora abundance were Lactobacillus， Unspecified_S24_7， Bacteroides and Treponema. Compared with the blank group， the proportion of Lactobacillus in the model group decreased significantly（P<0.05）， while the proportion of Treponema increased significantly（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， ratio of bacterial structure of Lactobacillus and Treponema in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group tended to be similar to those in the blank group， indicating that M. officinalis cortex could restore the intestinal microbial structure of IBS-C rats before and after sweating. Compared with the model group， the 5-HT content in mosapride group was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， the contents of 5-HT and SP in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the sweated M. officinalis cortex group was higher than the M. officinalis cortex group. ConclusionM. officinalis cortex can play a therapeutic role on IBS-C rats by regulating 5-HT pathway and intestinal flora structure before and after sweating.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have revealed that the number of cancer survivors developing a second primary malignancy is increasing, especially among thyroid cancer patients, and lung cancer is still the main cause of cancer death. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk of second primary lung cancer (SPLC) in patients with thyroid cancer. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases up to November 24, 2021, for relevant research and merged the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to evaluate the risk of developing SPLC in patients with thyroid cancer. RESULTS: Fourteen studies involving 1,480,816 cases were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled result demonstrated that thyroid cancer patients may have a higher risk of SPLC than the general population (SIR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.36, P  < 0.01, I2  = 81%, P  < 0.01). Subgroup analysis stratified by sex indicated that female patients may have a markedly higher risk of SPLC than male patients (SIR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.40-1.94, P  < 0.01, I2  = 75%, P  < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid cancer patients are more likely to develop SPLC than the general population, especially women. However, other risk factors must be investigated, and more prospective studies are needed to confirm our results. REGISTRATION International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: No. CRD42021285399.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology* ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Neoplasms/complications* ; Incidence

Objective:To systematically retrieve the assessment tools for patient care complexity at home and abroad, and compare their release institutions, formation process, applicable population, assessment methods and main contents.Methods:Articles on patient care complexity assessment tools was retrieved through computers in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, China Biomedical Database, and VIP Database. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to July 2, 2022. Excel 2019 was used to extract the name, release institution, evaluation method, main content and other information of the assessment tools and compare the content characteristics of the assessment tools.Results:A total of 26 assessment tools for patient care complexity were included in this study, involving 37 articles, mainly observational studies. The 26 tools were mainly issued by institutions of higher learning, and most of them were applicable to ordinary inpatients. The assessment contents included the general situation of the patient, severity of the disease, treatment items, mental cognitive function, mental health, socio-economic support and compliance.Conclusions:At home and abroad, the patient care complexity evaluation tools are mainly used to evaluate ordinary adult inpatients. There are few tools to evaluate children, the elderly, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and other special types of patients, and there is a lack of relevant intervention research. In China, there are few tools for evaluating patient care complexity involving indicators related to mental cognitive function, which suggests that nurses can consider the mental cognitive function of patients when building relevant assessment tools in the future. In addition, the application effect of such tools in patient risk identification and safety management, nursing human resource allocation and other fields should be verified.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the psychological stress response of clinical nurses and hospital violence and ability empathy.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 300 clinical nurses in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were selected as the research objects from March to June 2021. Nurses were surveyed using the Hospital Violence Incidents Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) . Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between psychological stress response of clinical nurses and hospital violence and empathy ability. Stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the effect of hospital violence and empathy ability on predicting nurses' psychological stress response. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, 291 were recovered and 279 were valid.Results:The overall incidence of hospital violence among clinical nurses within 1 year was 58.1% (162/279) . There were statistically significant differences in scores of each dimension of psychological stress response of clinical nurses with different gender and education levels ( P<0.05) . The total score of psychological stress response was correlated with the total number of violent incidents, the number of verbal injuries and the number of threats in the past year ( P<0.05) . The severity of physical conflict, imagination, number of threats were positively correlated with psychological stress response ( P<0.01) , and females had more stress response ( P<0.01) . Opinion-taking was negatively correlated with psychological stress response ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical nurses may have a certain degree of psychological stress response after being subjected to hospital violence, which is more likely to occur in women, and empathy is a protective factor against this response.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)and Parkinson's disease(PD)are common neurodegenerative diseases that seriously threaten the health of the elderly, involving various abnormalities in physiology and metabolism including the impairment of mitochondrial function, Ca 2+ homeostasis deregulation, oxidative stress, aggregation of misfolded proteins, autophagy and inflammation.However, mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases have not been clearly elucidated, thus impeding advances in their treatment.In recent years, it has been found that mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes(MAM)play an important role in the development of AD and PD and exert their effects by regulating the functions of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula.This article reviews studies of the past decade related to the effects of MAM on AD and PD, aiming to generate insights for exploring the constituent proteins of MAM and the molecular mechanisms of AD and PD via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria Ca 2+ transport and ER stress regulated by MAM.

BACKGROUND: High-intensity exercise can induce the depolymerization and/or degradation of tubulin in the skeletal muscle. According to the close relation with the mitochondria, tubulin may influence mitochondrial movement track and molecular motor, thereby varying the movement and distribution of mitochondria. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of high-intensity exercise on α-tubulin, MAP4, Miro1 and mitochondrial ultrastructures, analyze their sequential changes and further explore whether tubular depolymerization regulates the movement and distribution of mitochondria via Miro1. METHODS: Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (n=8) and exercise (n=48) groups. The rats in the exercise group ran on the treadmill ( -16°, 20 m/minute) for 90 minutes, and the soleus samples were removed immediately, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise (n=8 each time point). The expression levels of α-tubulin, MAP4 and Miro1 were detected by western blot assay, and the ultrastructural changes of mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression level of α-tubulin was decreased significantly at 6 and 12 hours after exercise. The expression level of MAP4 was increased significantly at 6, 12, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. The expression level of Miro1 was increased firstly at 6 and 12 hours after exercise, and decreased at 72 hours after exercise. In the control group, the paired mitochondria were arranged on the both sides of Z line, and few appeared in the myolemma. Mitochondria began to accumulate in the myolemma immediately and 6 hours after exercise; the number achieved the peak at 12 hours, reduced at 24 and 48 hours, and returned to normal at 72 hours. These results suggest that high-intensity exercise can induce the depolymerization of microtubules in the skeletal muscle, thus regulating the movement and distribution of mitochondria via Miro1.

BACKGROUND:Heavy load exercises can induce the ultrastructural changes in the skeletal muscle by the depolymerization and/or degradation of tubulin in the skeletal muscle, thereby lessening contraction activities of the skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of heavy load exercise and acupuncture on tubulin levels, and to analyze their roles and mechanisms in skeletal muscle injury and repair. METHODS:138 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into acute exercise group (n=114) and long-term exercise group (n=24). The acute exercise group included four subgroups:sedentary group (n=6), exercise group (n=36), acupunctured group (n=36) and exercise plus acupuncture group (n=36). In the acute exercise experiment, rats were acupunctured after a medium-large intensity downhil running. Rat’s soleus samples were taken immediately, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise and/or acupuncture. In the long-term exercise experiment, rats underwent exercise and acupuncture for 3 weeks, and rat’s soleus samples were col ected at 24 hours after the last training. Expressions ofα-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) in the soleus were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After acute exercise, expression ofα-tubulin and MAP4 was up-or down-regulated transiently. After acute exercise combined with acupuncture, the protein expressions ofα-tubulin and MAP4 changed slightly. However, the long-term exercise induced an increase inα-tubulin protein expression, while a significant decrease in MAP4 protein expression. It was worth noting that acupuncture treatment reduced long-term exercise-induced variations of MAP4 expression. These results suggest that the heavy load exercise can induce the depolymerization of tubulins in the skeletal muscle, and acupuncture may relieve this effect.

The research aimed to investigate the suppression effect of MaiShu which contains hawthorn, hippophae, medlar, phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol), β-glucan and lycopeneon formation of atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE^-/-) mice. Liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-mass spectrometry (LC-UV-MC) methods were used to analyze the main chemical composition of MaiShu.Atherosclerotic mice models were established by high-fat diet. The mice were administrated with MaiShu (1, 2, 4 g·kg^-1·d^-1) or other contrast materials by intragastric route for 10 weeks continuously. At the end of administration, the blood of mice was collected for tests of the serum total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. Atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and aortic root were assessed by calculating the relative area of lesions (oil red O stained). Intravital fluorescence microscopic system was used to evaluate the leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in mesenteric artery of mice by detecting the rolling velocity of white blood cells (WBC). Collagenous fibers and macrophages in lesions were detected by sirius red staining and immunological histological chemistry to evaluate the atherosclerotic plaque stability. Results showed that MaiShu contains various flavonoids (9.5%), phytosterols (23.8%) and polysaccharides (8.9%). The serum lipid level of model animals was significantly higher than the control animals. Serum TC level was decreased by MaiShu (4 g·kg^-1, P<0.001) compared to the untreated model. Serum TG level was reduced by MaiShu (1, 2, 4 g·kg^-1) compared to model (P<0.01). Area of atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and aortic root was decreased in MaiShu group (aorta:1 g·kg^-1, P<0.05; 2 g·kg^-1, P<0.01; 4 g·kg^-1, P<0.001; aortic root:2, 4 g·kg^-1, P<0.01). Rolling velocity of white blood cells of MaiShu (4 g·kg^-1, P<0.001) group was increased over the untreated model. Collagenous fibers in lesions were observationally increased by MaiShu (1, 2 g·kg^-1) and macrophages were decreased (2, 4 g·kg^-1) compared to model. These results demonstrate that MaiShu can obviously decrease the serum lipid levels and the risk of leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in ApoE^-/- mice. The effect of MaiShu may be associated with the decrease of macrophages in plaque.

OBJECTIVETo identify the MPL L391-V392ins12 spliceosome and analyze its frequencies in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).

METHODSMPL aberrant spliceosome was identified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)combined with cloning sequencing. The mutation of this spliceosome in 248 MPN patients and 200 normal people was determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR).

RESULTSA novel aberrant spliceosome of MPL gene (MPL L391-V392ins12)was identified, i.e. 36 bp intron was retained between exon7 and exon8, and there were 12 amino acids (EGLKLLPADIPV)inserted. MPL L391-V392ins12 mutation was detected in 19 (7.66%)of the 248 patients with MPN, including 1 (1.92%) of 52 patients with PV, 14 (9.66%) of 145 with ET, and 4 (7.84%) of 51 with PMF. And the mutation was not detected in the group of 200 normal people.

CONCLUSIONMPL L391-V392ins12 spliceosome is an aberrant spliceosome present in the MPN. It can be detected in PV, ET and PMF, and more frequently in ET and PMF. This mutation may play an important role in the process of MPN.

Humans ; Mutation ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; genetics ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Thrombopoietin ; genetics ; Spliceosomes

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) first presenting as fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods The clinical data of 100 cases of FUO, diagnosed as TB finally, among in-patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results ( 1 ) Sites of TB: there were 39 patients with merely pulmonary TB, 28 patients with merely extrapulmonary TB, and 33 patients with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. (2) Clinical manifestations: depending on the different sites of tuberculous lesion, the clinical symptoms varied accordingly. The common laboratory findings included anemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevation of the level of ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP). (3) Methods for diagnosis: 34 cases were diagnosed by sputum smearor cultivation-positive for acid-fast bacilli; 8 cases by histopathology; 49 cases by clinical diagnosis of TB with an effective anti-TB therapy; and 9 cases by effective diagnostic anti-TB therapy. (4) Responses to treatment: among 73 cases with complete follow-up data, only 2 cases (2. 7% ) died and the other cases were cured or alleviated. Fifty-five cases (77.5%) showed marked efficacy after less than 4 weeks of regular anti-TB therapy, 37 cases ( 52. 1% ) suffered adverse effects of anti-TB agents, and all of them had improved after modifying anti-TB therapy and supporting treatment. Conclusions The diagnosis of TB that presents as FUO is quite difficult, and the median interval time for making diagnosis is 14 weeks (3-77weeks). Investigating clinical manifestations comprehensively, reviewing radiology data carefully, and eliciting microbiological and pathologic evidence of TB, are extremely important for making the correct diagnosis. In some cases, a therapeatic trial of anti-TB therapy is necessary.