ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of Gandouling tablet （GDL） on abnormal lipid metabolism in Wilson's disease （WD） and the correlation between the prediction model of hepatic steatosis and the related indexes of lipid metabolism in WD. MethodA total of 86 patients with abnormal lipid metabolism in WD were selected. The 24-hour urine copper， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， serum triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， apolipoprotein B （ApoB）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， bile acid （BA）， γ-glutamyl transferase （GGT）， prediction model of hepatic steatosis ［hepatic steatosis index （HSI） and Zhejiang University index （ZJU index）］， ultrasonic attenuation coefficient imaging （ATT）， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score were statistically analyzed before treatment. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between TG， TC， LDL-C， ApoB， ALT， AST， ALT/AST， BA， GGT， TCM syndrome score， ATT， and HIS and ZJU. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group by random number table method， with 43 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with GDL combined with sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate （DMPS）， while the control group was only treated with DMPS as a control. After six courses of treatment， 24-hour urine copper， TC， TG， LDL-C， ApoB， HSI， ZJU， ATT， TCM syndrome score， and clinical efficiency before and after treatment were observed and compared between the two groups. The correlation between HSI and ZJU and serum TC， TG， LDL-C， ApoB， ALT， AST， ALT/AST， BA， GGT， TCM syndrome scores， and ATT was analyzed. ResultPearson correlation analysis showed that serum TC （r = 0.811）， TG （r = 0.826）， LDL-C （r = 0.802）， ApoB （r = 0.820）， ALT （r = 0.497）， ALT/AST （r = 0.826）， TCM syndrome score （r = 0.716）， and ATT （r = 0.736） were positively correlated with HSI （P<0.01）， while AST， BA， and GGT had no significant correlation with HSI. TC （r = 0.718）， TG （r = 0.765）， LDL-C （r = 0.667）， ApoB （r = 0.699）， ALT/AST （r = 0.403）， TCM syndrome score （r = 0.666）， and ATT （r = 0.684） were positively correlated with ZJU （P<0.01）. ALT， AST， BA， and GGT had no significant correlation with ZJU. The total effective rate of the observation group was 86.05 （37/43）， and that of the control group was 72.09% （31/43）. The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group （Z = -2.301， P<0.05）. After treatment， the 24-hour urine copper of the two groups increased significantly. The levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， and ApoB were significantly decreased， and the HSI， ZJU， and ATT were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the control group after treatment， the above indexes improved better in the observation group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionGDL can effectively improve the level of copper and lipid metabolism in patients with WD， with high clinical safety and good clinical application value. The prediction model of hepatic steatosis can effectively reflect the degree of abnormal lipid metabolism in WD.

With the extensive applications of nuclear energy in the military, scientific research, and medical fields, radiological medicine has developed into a significant discipline. So far, studies of radiology have been conducted mostly using cell and animal models, both of which have limitations. Organoids, as 3D in vitro culture systems derived from tissue stem cells, have filled the gap left by these conventional models. They have been widely applied in review, disease research, drug development, and cancer modeling since their structures, functions, and genetic characteristics are akin to those of primary tissues. This review presents the applications of organoid models of various organ types in radiotherapy, as well as the limitations and prospects of organoids.

Objective:To analyze the application value of 18F-FDG PET in the preoperative evaluation of patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE) and explore improved methods to enhance its localization accuracy. Methods:A total of 41 patients (25 males, 16 females, age (22.7±7.5) years) who underwent surgery and ultimately confirmed ETLE in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2006 and November 2022 were enrolled. The accuracy of preoperative independent 18F-FDG PET imaging and the combined application of 18F-FDG PET and MRI in detecting epileptogenic foci and their impacts on treatment decisions were retrospectively analyzed by using visual and semi-quantitative methods. Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze the data. Results:In all 41 patients, 40 cases were found metabolic abnormalities in extratemporal lobe by independent 18F-FDG PET based on visual analysis. Among them, 26 showed unifocal metabolic abnormalities, which were localized as epileptogenic foci. Fourteen patients showed multifocal metabolic abnormalities, and the epileptogenic foci were further verified in 8 cases through semi-quantitative analysis. In 1 case with negative PET visual analysis, a micro-metabolism focus was found at the abnormal MRI signal area. Among 13 patients with negative independent MRI, 9 were found microstructures abnormalities in brain regions with hypometabolism. 18F-FDG PET improved clinical decision-making in 18 patients (43.9%, 18/41). There were 30 patients (73.2%, 30/41) with seizure-free postsurgery, and the prognosis was not significantly different between patients with unifocal 18F-FDG PET metabolic pattern and those with multifocal ones (73.1%(19/26) vs 10/14, P=1.000). Conclusions:18F-FDG PET can be a useful diagnostic tool for patients with ETLE. Semi-quantitative analysis helps to detect more epileptogenic foci with multifocal metabolic abnormalities. The combined evaluation of 18F-FDG PET and MRI can improve the accuracy in localizing epileptogenic foci outside the temporal lobe.

Objective To analyze the trends,cooperation,topics and hotspots of researches about multi-level rehabilitation service system in China. Methods The literature on multi-level rehabilitation service system in China was searched and screened in databases of CNKI from 1983 to 2023.The number of the articles was described,and the cooperation,research hotspots and changing trend were analyzed using VOSviewer. Results A total of 4 643 articles were included.The number of the articles tended to increase and developed in stages.Nine groups with five or more researchers were found,and seven of them cooperated with each other.The most frequent keywords were community-based rehabilitation(occurrence 1 251 with connection strength 1 780),stroke(occurrence 674 with connection strength 1 126),family rehabilitation(occurrence 412 with connection strength 514),rehabilitation nursing(occurrence 178 with connection strength 240)and quality of life(occur-rence 156 with connection strength 311).The researchers initially focused on disability rehabilitation,then fo-cused on community-based rehabilitation and family rehabilitation,and gradually focused on the quality of life,activities of daily living,satisfaction,mental health,negative emotion and healthcare consortium in recent years. Conclusion The researches about multi-level rehabilitation service system are developing in China,focusing on commu-nity-based rehabilitation,stroke,family rehabilitation,rehabilitation nursing and quality of life.The cooperation among scholar groups need to be strengthened.Quality of life,activities of daily living,satisfaction,mental health,negative emotion and healthcare consortium may be the hotspots in the future.

Apelin is an adipokine family which includes Apelin-13,Apelin-36 and other isoforms and regulates phys-iological functions by immunomodulation,oxidative stress,glycolipid metabolism,and apoptosis and so on.Apelin is closely related to polycystic ovary syndrome,ovarian cancer and other diseases of the female reproductive system so it is expected to be new target molecules and may orient the development of research and clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of fibrillin-2(FBN2)recombinant protein on FBN2-deficient retinopathy.Methods Thirty-two SPF-grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:nor-mal control group,negative control group,FBN2 knockdown group,and FBN2 recombinant protein group,with 8 mice in each group.The right eyes were taken as the experimental eyes.Mice in the normal control group did not receive any inter-vention,mice in the negative control group were intravitreally injected with 3 μL empty vector(1 mg·L-1),and mice in the FBN2 knockdown group and FBN2 recombinant protein group were intravitreally injected with 3 μL adeno-associated vi-rus(1 mg·L-1).After 4 weeks,mice in the FBN2 recombinant protein group were intravitreally injected with 3 μL FBN2 recombinant protein(1 mg·L-1).Then,electroretinogram(ERG)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)were used to measure the amplitude of Rod-b and Max-a waves and the changes in the retinal structure.Real-time quantitative poly-merase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blot were used to detect changes in FBN2,microfibril-associated glycopro-tein 2(MAGP-2),collagen I(COL1)mRNA and protein expression in the mouse retina.Results The ERG findings showed that compared with the negative control group and normal control group,the amplitude of Rod-b and Max-a waves in the retina of mice in the FBN2 knockdown group and FBN2 recombinant protein group decreased(all P＜0.05);com-pared with the FBN2 knockdown group,the amplitude of Rod-b and Max-a waves in the retina of mice in the FBN2 recom-binant protein group significantly increased(both P＜0.05).The OCT findings showed that compared with the FBN2 knock-down group,the structure of the retinal pigment epithelium and the light reflex in the FBN2 recombinant protein group be-came more regular.The RT-PCR detection results showed that compared with the FBN2 knockdown group,the expression of FBN2 mRNA in the retinal tissue of mice in the FBN2 recombinant protein group significantly increased,while the ex-pression of COL1 and MAGP-2 mRNA significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Western blot assay results showed that com-pared with the FBN2 knockdown group,the expression of FBN2 protein in the retinal tissue of mice in the FBN2 recombi-nant protein group increased significantly,while the expression of COL1 and MAGP-2 proteins decreased significantly(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Intravitreal injection of FBN2 recombinant protein can compensate for the endogenous deficiency of FBN2 in mice with FBN2-deficient retinopathy and achieve therapeutic effects by regulating COL1 and MAGP-2 expres-sion.

Objective:To investigate the expression of latent transforming growth factor-β-binding protein (LTBP), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and cyclin D2 (CCND2) in fibrillin-2 ( FBN2) interfering induced mouse retinopathy. Methods:Twenty-seven 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control group, empty vector group and FBN2 interference group according to the random number table method, with 9 mice in each group.The normal control group was not treated.The empty vector group and FBN2 interference group were intravitreally injected with 3 μl empty vector and 3 μl adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying the sh-FBN2 interference plasmid in the right eye, respectively.The structural and functional changes of the retina were detected at 4 weeks after injection by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and full-field electroretinography (ERG).The expression and distribution of FBN2 protein in the retina were detected by immunofluorescence staining.The mRNA and protein expression levels of FBN2, LTBP-1, TGF-β2, CDK2 and CCND2 in mouse retina were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot.All experiments complied with the ARVO statement.The research scheme was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.2019036).Results:Four weeks after injection, the results of OCT examination showed that compared with normal control and empty vector groups, the retinal pigment cortex of the FBN2 interference group was irregular with high density reflection areas.Full-field ERG results showed that compared with normal control and empty vector groups, the amplitude of Rod-a, Rod-b, Max-a and Max-b waveforms in FBN2 interference group decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05).The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that FBN2 was expressed in the whole retina, and the fluorescence intensity of FBN2 was weaker in FBN2 interference group than that in normal control and empty vector groups.The fluorescence intensity of FBN2 in normal control group, empty vector group and FBN2 interference group was 16.21±2.21, 15.57±3.63 and 5.32±1.06, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=66.03, P<0.05).The fluorescence intensity of FBN2 protein in FBN2 interference group was significantly lower than that in empty carrier group and normal control group (both at P<0.05).Compared with normal control and empty vector groups, the relative expression levels of LTBP-1 and TGF-β2 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in FBN2 interference group, while the relative expression levels of FBN2, CDK2 and CCND2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:The increase of LTBP-1 and TGF-β2 and the decrease of G1/S phase related proteins CDK2 and CCND2 are involved in the development of FBN2-deficient retinopathy.

Objective Using different sterilization method to sterilize pig specific formula milk powder,exploring the sterilization method and conditions that minimize the loss of nutritional components in formula milk powder.Methods Pig-specific formula milk powder was divided into high-pressure sterilization and irradiation sterilization groups.Formula milk powder in the high-pressure group was sterilized using different sterilization conditions and that in the irradiation group was sterilized using different 60 Co γ-radiation doses.The sterility and the nutritional contents of the sterilized formula milk powders were determined according to national standards.Results The sterility tests for both groups of formula milk powder were negative.Compared to control group,the crude protein contents were significantly lower in formula in the high-pressure group sterilized at 121℃for 30 min and in the irradiation liquid group sterilized at 50 kGy(P<0.01).The water,crude protein,and calcium contents were significantly lower(P<0.001)in the irradiation group sterilized at 50 kGy.There was no significant difference in the valine,isoleucine,or leucine content under 50 kGy sterilization conditions in the irradiation sterilized group,but all amino acid contents were decreased in the high-pressure sterilization and irradiation sterilized liquid groups(P<0.001).Analysis of trace elements showed an increased iron content(P<0.001)in formula sterilized at 121℃for 30 min in the high-pressure sterilization group,increased iron and potassium contents(P<0.001)under 25 kGy sterilization conditions in the irradiation sterilization liquid group,and increased magnesium content(P<0.01).The magnesium(P<0.05)and sodium contents(P<0.01)differed significantly in formula treated under 50 kGy sterilization conditions in the irradiation sterilized powder group.VE and VB2 contents were increased in formula sterilized at 121℃for 30 min in the high-pressure sterilization group(P<0.001),the VE content was increased(P<0.05)and the VB2 content was decreased(P<0.001)in formula sterilized under 50 kGy conditions in the irradiation sterilization liquid group,and the VE and VA contents were decreased in formula sterilized at 25 kGy in the irradiation sterilized powder group(P<0.001).Conclusions Sterilization at 121℃for 30 min result ed in the least loss of nutritional components in the high-pressure sterilization group,while irradiation sterilization result ed in the least loss of nutrients at a dose of 50 kGy.Comparing the two sterilization method,irradiation of milk powder at 50 kGy result ed in the least loss of nutrient content.

Objective:To prepare hollow copper selenide nanoparticles (Cu 2- xSe NPs), and investigate their photothermal properties and radiotherapy sensitization performance. Methods:Hollow copper selenide nanoparticles (Cu 2- xSe NPs) were prepared by sacrificial template method with Cu 2O NPs as sacrificial templates and with selenium powder as selenium source. The surface of copper selenide nanoparticles (Cu 2- xSe NPs) was modified with mercapto-ethylene glycol (mPEG-SH) to obtain Cu 2- xSe-PEG NPs. The morphology, particle size and ultraviolet spectrum of the Cu 2- xSe NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, laser particle size analyzer and ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The photothermal properties and radiosensitization performance of the Cu 2- xSe-PEG NPs were investigated by infrared thermal imager and biological X-ray irradiator. Results:The obtained Cu 2- xSe NPs showed a hollow structure and good monodispersity, and the average diameter were (136.9±7.0) nm. The Cu 2- xSe NPs had absorption in the near-infrared region. When the Cu 2- xSe-PEG NPs sample with the mass concentration of 200 μg/ml were irradiated under 808 nm laser at 1.0 W/cm 2 for 10 min, the temperature raised to more than 55 ℃. The level of reactive oxygen species produced by the Cu 2- xSe-PEG NPs under X-ray irradiation was related to the concentration and radiation dose. Conclusions:The proposed preparation method can control the size of synthesized Cu 2- xSe NPs, and the Cu 2- xSe NPs had good photothermal properties and radiosensitization performance. This work will provide a certain theoretical basis for the application of Cu 2- xSe-PEG NPs in tumor thermoradiotherapy.

Objective:To determine the application effect of the "full chain" information-based health management model in the home care of children with bronchial asthma.Methods:Sixty children with bronchial asthma who were hospitalized in the Respiratory Department of Xuzhou Children's Hospital from January to June 2020 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group according to a random number table with 30 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing care, and the observation group implemented a "full-chain" informatized health management on the basis of the control group.The intervention time was 6 months. The condition control, medication compliance, self-management and airway function were observed and compared between the two groups.Results:After 6 months of intervention, the frequency of attacks, emergency cases, the medication compliance, the maximum expiratory flow rate, symptom days and peak expiratory flow days were 6.67%(2/30), 3.33%(1/30), 93.33%(28/30), (1.83±0.23) L, (163.00±6.74) d, (168.00±3.78) d in the observation group, and 26.67%(8/30), 20.00%(6/30), 66.67%(20/30), (1.67±0.24) L, (144.00±5.88) d, (157.00±4.08) d in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (χ 2 values were 4.320, 4.043, 6.667, t values were 2.636, 11.635, 10.833, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ratio of forced expiratory volume and forced expiratory volume in forced vital capacity in the first second after 6 months of intervention between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:"Full chain" information health management can reduce the number of attacks and emergency visits of children with asthma, effectively improve medication compliance, thus improving airway function and improving the quality of life of children.