ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of different processed products of Baiyaojian and its compound Xiangmei pills in rats with ulcerative colitis（UC） by comparing the pharmacodynamic and metabolomic differences. MethodEighty SD rats were acclimatized and kept for 3 d， and randomly divided into 8 groups［blank group， model group， mesalazine group（0.4 g·kg^-1）， Baiyaojian group（1.89 g·kg^-1）， stir-fried Baiyaojian group（1.89 g·kg^-1）， carbonized Baiyaojian group（1.89 g·kg^-1）， and Xiangmei pills low and high dose groups（1.89， 5.67 g·kg^-1）］， with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the blank group were administered physiological saline by gavage， and rats in the remaining 7 groups were orally administered 5% dextran sodium sulfate（DSS） solution daily for 8 consecutive days to induce UC model. After successful modeling， each dosing group was given the corresponding dose of drug solution by gavage， and the blank and model groups were given equal amounts of saline by gavage， and the drug was administered continuously for 8 d. Then serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin（IL）-6， IL-10 and IL-1β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of colon tissue， the proportion of T helper 17 cells（Th17） and regulatory T cells（Treg） in the peripheral blood of rats in each group was detected by flow cytometry. The endogenous metabolites in serum of rats were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）， and the differential metabolites were characterized by combining principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， and were analyzed according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1.0 and P<0.05， and potential metabolic pathways were analyzed according to Human Metabolome Database（HMDB）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the colon tissue of the model group was congested and the mucosa was ulcerated， the colon length was significantly reduced（P<0.01） and the quality was significantly increased（P<0.05）， the proportion of Th17/Treg in the peripheral blood and the serum levels of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly increased， while the IL-10 expression wassignificantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the colon tissue of UC rats in each treatment group was improved with scattered ulcers， reduced inflammatory cell infiltration， significantly increased colon length， and significantly decreased mass（P<0.05）， the proportion of Th17/Treg in the peripheral blood decreased， the expression of TNF-α，IL-6 and IL-1β was significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the IL-10 expression was significantly increased（P<0.01）. The therapeutic effect of different administration groups on UC was in the order of high dose group of Xiangmei pills>low dose group of Xiangmei pills>carbonized Baiyaojian group>stir-fried Baiyaojian group>Baiyaojian group. And a total of 26 differential metabolites were screened in the metabolomics results. Compared with the blank group， 14 differential metabolites were up-regulated and 5 metabolites were down-regulated in the model group， and 14， 9， 14， 12 and 17 metabolites could be recalled in the Baiyaojian group， stir-fried Baiyaojian group， carbonized Baiyaojian group， Xiangmei pills low and high dose groups. The main metabolic pathways involved were citrate cycle pathway， pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway， aromatic hydrocarbon receptor（AhR） signaling pathway， glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. ConclusionThe therapeutic effect of Baiyaojian on UC is significantly improved after charcoal stir-frying， and the efficacy is more prominent when combined with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Mume Fructus Carbonisata， which can provide a basis for the development of Baiyaojian compound preparations.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of gradual decompression in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury and its effects on the improvement of intracranial pressure.Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients with severe traumatic brain injury who received treatment in the General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. from January 2015 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The included patients were divided into decompressive craniectomy group (control group, n = 64) and gradual decompression group ( n = 56). Intracranial pressure was compared between the two groups at different time points (before surgery, during the surgery, immediately after surgery, 3 and 6 months after surgery). The patient's self-care ability, coma degree, and neurological deficits pre-surgery and 6 months after surgery were evaluated in each group. The incidence of complications throughout the surgery and within 6 months after surgery was calculated to evaluate the quality of life. Results:There was no significant difference in intracranial pressure pre-surgery between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Intracranial pressure in the gradual decompression group was (30.74 ± 2.51) mmHg, (25.11 ± 2.06) mmHg, (21.34 ± 2.01) mmHg, and (16.74 ± 1.54) mmHg respectively during the surgery, immediately after surgery, and 3 and 6 months after surgery, which was significantly lower than that in the control group [(34.31 ± 3.06) mmHg, (30.64 ± 2.57) mmHg, (26.33 ± 2.35) mmHg, (22.64 ± 1.95) mmHg, t = 12.88, 19.03, 12.40, 18.20, all P < 0.001]. There were no significant differences in scores of the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) pre-surgery between the two groups (all P > 0.05). At 6 months after surgery, the MBI and GCS scores increased and the NIHSS score decreased in each group. There were significant differences in the NIHSS, MBI, and GCS scores between the two groups ( t = 7.61, 6.26, 13.07, all P < 0.001). During the surgery and 6 months after surgery, the incidences of cerebral infarction, delayed cerebral hematoma, and acute encephalocele were significantly lower in the gradual decompression group than in the control group ( χ2 = 4.23, 4.35, 4.83, all P < 0.05). The Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 Questionnaire scores in environment, psychological health, social relationship, and psychological health domains were significantly higher in the gradual decompression group than in the control group ( t = 8.16, 9.80, 8.68, 7.76, all P < 0.001) Conclusion:This study is the first to analyze the feasibility of gradual decompression for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury in terms of intracranial pressure, quality of life, and short- and medium-term complications. Findings from this study confirm that gradual decompression can effectively lower intracranial pressure of patients with severe traumatic brain injury, improve neurological function, reduce complications, and improve patients' self-care ability and quality of life.

Implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) is one of the most effective treatment for intraluminal vascular diseases such as vascular stenosis caused by atherosclerosis. Antiproliferative drugs offered by could significantly reduce the restenosis of blood vessels, which is beneficial to interventional therapy in more advanced and complex vascular diseases. This review sumarizes the state-of-the-art of the DES based on the function of loaded drug and material of the stents. We hope this review can provide basic information of DES for clinicians and researchers to make more rational choices in practical applications. Moreover, this review also propses the prospects of drug-loaded stents.

Objective:To explore the effect of Olmesartan on the antigen presenting function of dendritic cells (DCs) in rats.Methods:Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells of female Lewis rats were obtained. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were cultured with Olmesartan (final concentration 10 μmol/L; OLM-DCs) or equal volume of DMSO (Con-DCs). Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the surface costimulatory molecule CD80, CD86 and MHCⅡ on DCs and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. DCs and CD4 +T lymphocytes were cocultured. T lymphocytes proliferation was analyzed by flow cytometry. IFN-γ in the supernatants were determined by ELISA. Results:The expression of MHC Ⅱ on DCs was inhibited by Olmesartan. The level of intracellular IL-10 in DCs was up-regulated by Olmesartan. Compared with Con-DCs, T lymphocytes proliferation and the level of IFN-γ were inhibited by OLM-DCs.Conclusions:Olmesartan could induce tolerogenic DCs in vitro. These tolerogenic DCs could inhibit T lymphocytes proliferation and the production of Th1 cytokine.

Behcet′s disease is a chronic, multisystemic, inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mucous membranes, eyes, musculoskeletal, blood vessels, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract.The treatment of Behcet′s disease varies according to the degree of organ involvement, gender and age of the patient, and there is no standard treatment. Behcet′s disease can be divided into vascular type, gastrointestinal type and neural type. Vascular type often leads to high mortality and disability rate.Glucocorticoids, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide are still recommended as first-line treatments for vascular Behcet′s disease.However, with the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, they are an acceptable option for the treatment of refractory vascular Bezier′s disease.This article reviews the current treatment of vascular Behcet′s disease.

Objective:To investigate the effects of cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin(CEGI)on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN)in the brain of APP/PS1 model mice of Alzheimer's disease.Methods:A total of 36 5-month-old APP/PS1 dual-transgenic model mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: the model group(normal saline 6.6 ml·kg -1·d -1), CEGI group(CEGI 6.6 ml·kg -1·d -1)and donepezil group(donepezil 2 mg·kg -1·d -1), with 12 in each group.Twelve C57BL/6J mice of the same age were used as the normal control group.All mice were given drugs for 6 weeks consecutively.Brain tissue was collected for immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of amyloid β-protein(Aβ), GFAP and NeuN, which were then analyzed quantitatively. Results:The results of immunohistochemical staining indicated that levels of Aβ and GFAP were higher and levels of NeuN were lower in the model group than in the normal control group(0.147±0.068% vs.0%, 61.750±22.020 vs.26.000±4.598, 0.021±0.002 vs.0.032±0.003, P<0.05). Levels of Aβ and GFAP were lower and levels of NeuN were higher in the CEGI group and the donepezil group than in the model group(0.058±0.055 % vs.0.057±0.045 %, 38.250±5.418 vs.36.130±5.963, 0.029±0.004 vs.0.027±0.003, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Aβ, GFAP and NeuN between the CEGI group and the donepezil group( P>0.05). Conclusions:CEGI has multi-target neuroprotective effects via down-regulating the expression of Aβ and GFAP and up-regulating the expression of NeuN.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of statin combined with ezetimibe for elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and dyslipiclemia.Methods:Clinical data of 293 patients with CHD and dyslipidemia treated with statins and ezetimibe in the outpatient clinic of Beijing Hospital from November 2009 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 153 patients aged ≥65 years (elderly group) and 140 patients aged<60 year (control group). The low density lipid cholesterol reduction (ΔLDL-C), LDL-C compliance rate and safety were compared between the two groups.Results:The longest follow-up time was 9 months, the average follow-up time was 5.3 months in the elderly group, and 5.2 months in the control group. After treatment the TC, LDL-C, and TG levels were lower than those before treatment in both groups ( P<0.05), and there was no significant changed in HDL-C levels. After treatment there were no significant differences in TC [3.50(3.15,4.01) vs.3.49(3.14,4.00) mmol/L], LDL-C [1.85(1.56,2.23) vs.1.85(1.56,2.40) mmol/L], and TG [1.23(0.94,1.57) vs.1.32(0.84,1.70)mmol/L] between two groups (all P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in ΔLDL-C [-0.85(1.14,-0.55) vs.-0.81 (-1.34, -0.50) mmol/L], LDL-C decline rate (29.3% vs. 28.5%), and LDL-C compliance rate [44.4%(68/153) vs.45.0%(63/140)] between two group (all P>0.05). After combined treatment, AST and ALT increased in both groups, but they were still in the normal range. The difference of AST and ALT before and after treatment in the two groups was not statistically significant. There were no significant changes in CK in both groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The combined administration of ezetimibe and statin can significantly reduce LDL-C level and increase LDL-C compliance rate in treatment of elderly patients with coronary heart disease and dyslipidemia safety.

As one of the stimulus-response polymeric intelligent materials, shape memory polymers have been widely applied in biomedicine due to their better biocompatibility, higher controllability, stronger deformation restorability and biodegradability compared with shape memory alloys and shape memory ceramics. This review will introduce the structural principles of shape memory polymers and summarize their applications in the treatment of vascular diseases, especially in endovascular therapy. At the same time, the related technical problems and the future of shape memory polymers are prospected. With the continuous development of processing technology and materials, it can be predicted that shape memory polymers will be more widely used in the medical field.

Objective To study the effects of simple portal hypertension on the endotoxin levels in serum and intestinal mucosa of rats. Methods A total of 16 rats were divided into the blank control group (4 rats) and the model groups (3-day group, 7-day group and 10-day group, 4 rats in each group). The rat model of partial portal vein ligation was established in the model groups, and samples of blood and jejunum, ileum and colon of the rats were taken on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days, respectively. Changes in the serum endotoxin levels were detected by ELISA. Histopathological changes of the intestinal tissues were examined by HE staining. Results The rat model of partial portal vein ligation was successfully established in all the model groups. The serum levels of endotoxin on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days in the model groups were not significantly different from that in the normal control group. Damages of different intestinal segments were not serious on the 3rd day after modeling. However, on the 7th day after modeling, there were some sowllen and damaged intestinal villi in the intestinal mucosa of each intestinal segment, and the connection between the epithelial cells and the lamina propria was broken, compared with that at 3 days after modeling. In addition, there were obvious damages in the intestinal mucosa and lamina propria on the 10th day, compared with that at 3 d and 7 d after modeling. Conclusions In the case of normal liver function, portal hypertension can cause intestinal mucosal damages within a short period of time, but the amount of endotoxin produced by intestine does not exceed the processing capacity of the liver and thus does not cause an increase in the serum endotoxin level.

Objective To investigate the expression of long-chain non-coding RNA gastric cancer high expression transcription factor 1 (GHET1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the correlation with prognosis,cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Methods 20 HCC patients who underwent surgery from Fuzhou General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army from March to May 2016 were included.The HCC tissue and adjacent normal tissue of 182 patients from June 2012 to December 2013 were retrospectively collected.According to the median value of GHET1 expression,it was divided into GHET1 high expression group and low expression group,91 cases each.Huh7 and HepG2 cells were divided into:blank control group (Con) with serum-free medium,siRNA-GHET1 group transfected with siRNA-GHET1,and negative control group (siRNA-NC) transfected with negative control sequence.The expression of GHET1 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and the effect of GHET1 on HCC cells was analyzed by CCK-8,Transwell assay and Western blot.Results Compared with adjacent normal tissue,the relative expression of GHET1 mRNA in HCC tissues was significantly increased.Compared with LO2 cells,the mRNA expression of GHET1 in Huh7 and HepG2 cells was higher (P＜0.05).The GHET1 high expression group had tumor＞5 cm,vascular invasion,AFP＞400 μg/L,Edmonson grade Ⅰ,and the tumor-free ratio was lower in the expression group (P＜0.05).Survival analysis showed that HCC patients with high GHET1 expression had a poorer prognosis than patients with low expression.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high expressed GHET1,vascular invasion (HR=2.067,95％ CI:1.350 to 3.162),and without tumor capsule are independent predictors of recurrence in HCC patients.After transfection with Huh7 and HepG2 cells,the proliferation of siRNA-GHET1 group was significantly decreased comparing with Con and siRNA-NC groups.Compared with siRNA-NC group,the migration and invasion ability of siRNA-GHET1 group decreased,and E-cadherin expression increased.The expression of fibronectin and vimentin decreased,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusions The expression of GHET1 in HCC tissue is higher comparing with normal tissue,which increases the proliferation,migration and invasion of hepatoma cells.It is an independent predictor of prognosis in HCC patients and a potential target for clinical treatment.