Objective To quantitatively evaluate the association of short-term exposure to ambient submicron particulate matter (PM₁) with hospital admissions for angina in older adults. Methods A case-crossover study was conducted among 46 687 older adults hospitalized for angina from 2016 to 2019 in Guangzhou medical institutions. Grid data on ambient PM₁ concentrations in Guangzhou were obtained from the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP) dataset. Exposure to PM₁ was assessed according to each subject's residential addresses. Conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the the exposure-response association between PM₁ and hospital admissions for angina. Results From 2016 to 2019, the average exposure level of PM₁ on the same day of hospital admissions (lag 0) for angina was 21.0 ± 11.5 μg/m³. The results of main model analysis showed that lag 0 day exposure to ambient PM₁ was significantly associated with a higher odds of hospital admissions for angina in older adults. Each 10 μg/m³ increase of PM₁ exposure level was significantly associated with a 1.31% (95% CI: 0.05%, 2.59%) increased odds of angina admissions. Results from a two-pollutant model adjusting for O₃ showed that the association between short-term exposure to PM₁ and odds of hospitalization for angina remained stable. According to the results of the above model, it was estimated that the excess hospitalization attributable to ambient PM₁ exposure accounted for 2.46% (95% CI: 0.09%, 4.76%) of the total admissions in Guangzhou during 2016-2019, corresponding to 1539 (95% CI: 54, 2976) admissions. No significant effect modification on the associations was observed by sex, age, or season. Conclusion Short-term exposure to ambient PM₁ was significantly associated with an increased odds of hospital admissions for angina in older adults.

Objective:To study the changing trend of brucellosis epidemic in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2022, and to provide reference for formulating brucellosis prevention and control policies.Methods:Through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the epidemic data of human brucellosis with the onset time from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2022 and the current address in Taiyuan City were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional, and population distribution characteristics of brucellosis.Results:From 2004 to 2022, a total of 1 834 cases of brucellosis were reported in Taiyuan City, with an average annual incidence rate of 2.25/100 000. The incidence rate of brucellosis in each year showed a fluctuating upward trend (χ 2trend = 428.04, P < 0.001). The onset time was mainly concentrated from February to August, accounting for 76.94% (1 411/1 834) of the total cases, with May being the peak month (283 cases). The incidence rate of brucellosis in all counties (cities and districts) ranged from 0 to 38.37/100 000, with the highest incidence rate in Loufan County in 2021. There were 1 470 males and 364 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.04 ∶ 1.00. The age range was 1 to 95 years old, among which the 1 - 29 age group accounted for 14.29% (262/1 834), the 30 - 39 age group accounted for 13.14% (241/1 834), the 40 - 49 age group accounted for 21.05% (386/1 834), the 50 - 59 age group accounted for 27.54% (505/1 834), and the 60 - 95 age group accounted for 23.99% (440/1 834). The main occupation was farmers and herdsmen, accounting for 67.23% (1 233/1 834). Conclusion:From 2004 to 2022, the epidemic of brucellosis in Taiyuan City shows a fluctuating upward trend, with males, middle-aged and elderly people, and farmers and herdsmen as the main affected population.

OBJECTIVE To explore the role of the establishment of the trans-regional review system on rational drug use in second-grade general hospital ，and to promote the rational drug use. METHODS With the administrative support of Jiuquan Health Commission，5 second-grade general hospitals in Jiuquan Medical Association jointly established Jiuquan Rational Drug Use Review Training Center . A trans-regional review system was established to carry out cross-review of prescriptions and medical orders among 5 second-grade general hospitals. Totally 1 500 prescriptions and 900 medical records were collected from 5 second-grade general hospitals before （April to June ，2020）and after （July to September ，2020）the implementation of the project. The changes of rational drug use indicators ，the results of prescriptions and medical order review were investigated before and after the implementation of the project. RESULTS After the implementation of the project ，except for one hospital ，the proportion of drugs in other hospitals decreased to varying degrees with the highest decline rate of 22.56％ . Compared with before the implementation of the project ，reasonable rate of outpatient and emergency prescription review increased by 5.72％ averagely and the reasonable rate of medical order review increased by 10.10％（P＜0.05）. The average utilization rate of antibiotics in outpatients decreased by 14.45％，the average utilization rate of antibiotics in inpatients decreased by 7.98％，and the average use intensity of antibiotics decreased by 25.19％. CONCLUSIONS Through the establishment of trans-regional review system ，medical institutions can be forced to pay more attention to prescription review ，effectively improve the prescription review of pharmacists in medical institutions，and promote the rational use of drugs in medical institutions in the region. However ，there are still some problems ， such as incomplete system coverage ，insufficient work experience ，lagging of informatization ，uneven pharmacist level ，and insufficient assessment and supervision of administrative functional departments.

Objective:To learn about the status of iodine deficiency disorders in children and pregnant women in coastal areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi for short).Methods:From January 2017 to December 2020, 12 counties (cities, districts) in Beihai City, Qinzhou City and Fangchenggang City in coastal areas of Guangxi were selected as the survey sites to carry out iodine deficiency disorders monitoring. Each county (city, district) was divided into five areas according to administrative regions: East, West, South, North and Middle. One township (town) was selected from each area, and 40 non-boarding children aged 8 to 10 (age balanced, half male and half female) and 20 pregnant women were selected from each township (town) as the survey subjects. Edible salt samples and urine samples were collected from children and pregnant women to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine levels; thyroid volume of children was determined and the rate of goiter was calculated.Results:From 2017 to 2020, a total of 8 905 children were monitored, and the median salt iodine of children was 23.4 mg/kg, and the medians salt iodine in each year were 23.7, 22.8, 23.5, 23.6 mg/kg, respectively; the median urinary iodine of children was 164.7 μg/L, and the medians urinary iodine in each year were 161.2, 169.7, 156.0, 171.1 μg/L, respectively; 30 of them had goiter, the rate of goiter of children was 0.34% (30/8 905). A total of 6 626 pregnant women were monitored, and the median salt iodine of pregnant women was 23.5 mg/kg, and the medians salt iodine in each year were 23.7, 22.5, 24.3, 23.8 mg/kg, respectively; the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 139.6 μg/L, and the medians urinary iodine in each year were 129.6, 131.6, 134.4, 175.0 μg/L, respectively.Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of children in coastal areas of Guangxi is at an appropriate level (100 - 199 μg/L), and the rate of goiter has reached the national iodine deficiency disorders elimination standard (< 5%). But pregnant women are at risk of iodine deficiency (urinary iodine < 150 μg/L).

Objective To investigate the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital admission for ischemic stroke among older adults. Methods Using clinical monitoring data from China National Health Commission, we identified 124 297 individuals from Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China who were 60 years or older and were admitted to hospital for ischemic stroke in 2016-2019. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design and employed the conditional logistic regression model to investigate the exposure-response association between short-term exposure to air pollution and hospital admission for ischemic stroke. Based on each subject's residential address and pollutant data from its neighboring air quality monitoring stations, we used an inverse distance weighting method to assess individual-level exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃ on each of the case and control days. Results In single-pollutant models, each 10 µg/m₃ increase of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃ was associated with a 0.46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-1.36%, lag 2 d), 0.66% (1.38-2.93%, lag 02 d), 3.39% (0.07-0.21%, lag 2 d), 1.47% (0.07-0.21%, lag 02 d), 0.06% (0.07-0.21%, lag 02 d) and 0.18% (0.07-0.21%, lag 3 d) increase in odds of hospital admission, respectively. The results of 2-pollutant models showed that the association of exposure to SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ with hospital admission for ischemic stroke remained stable with adjustment for each of the other air pollutants. Conclusions Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution, especially SO₂, NO₂ and O₃, was associated with increased risk of hospital admission for ischemic stroke in older adults.

Objective:To obtain the inter-fractional set-up errors of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) of cervical cancer by cone-beam CT (CBCT), and to analyze the variations of the set-up errors on the cumulative dose deviation of the target volume.Methods:A total of 48 patients with cervical cancer who underwent IMRT were enrolled in this study, and the set-up errors of 696 CBCTs were obtained. The set-up errors were input into the treatment planning system, and the cumulative set-up error dose was obtained by superposing the set-up errors dose. The deviation percentage was calculated by the deviation formula and the standard planning dose.Results:The set-up errors caused the offset of isocenter distance by 0.58(0.36, 0.80) cm. Different statistical differences were noted between the cumulative set-up error dose and the standard planning dose by WilCoxon test. All the dose deviations in the target volume were reduced, and the differential dose volume histogram (DVH) appeared negatively skewed, and the peak value was declined. The DVH diagram shifted to the left with an inverse S-curve and the slope was increased. The HI deviation of the target volume from small to large were: CTV 1, CTV 2, GTV/CTV, CTV 3, CTV n, CTV all, and GTV nd; The HI deviation of the target volume were increased. Conclusions:The effect of set-up errors in IMRT of cervical cancer upon the cumulative doses of the target volume significantly differs. The cumulative dose of the target volume is reduced, and the uniformity of the target volume dose becomes worse. The uncertainty of the inter-fractional position leads to an increase or decrease in the the fractional doses of the target volume. The biological effect on tumor cells and the tumor recurrence remains to be investigated. In IMRT of cervical cancer, the CBCT position calibration is required before each treatment to ensure the dose accuracy of each structure in the target volume.

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is a mixture consisting of a wide range of chemical constituents including carbonaceous aerosols, water soluble ions and inorganic elements, and has become the major air pollutant in most cities in China. Evidence suggests that exposure to ambient PM_2.5 induces damage on the cardiovascular system and can increase risk of the development and mortality of ischemic heart diseases (IHD). However, the effects of exposure to specific PM_2.5 constituents on IHD remain unclear, and its underlying mechanisms are yet to be investigated. Here we reviewed studies investigating the association of short- and long-term exposure to specific PM_2.5 constituents with IHD, which may provide useful clues for future relevant studies.

With the continuous development of society and economic activities, ambient air pollution has become an important global environmental and public health issue, and its significant adverse effects on human health have attracted increasing attention. Previous studies have shown a significant association between air pollution exposure and cardiovascular events including cardiac arrest. Although the association between air pollution exposure and risk of cardiac arrest has been identified by several studies, the results remain inconsistent and the pathogenic mechanism is not yet clear. To date, most studies focused on the impact of air pollution exposure on the onset of cardiac arrest, while few studies explored the risk of death from cardiac arrest. Here we reviewed studies investigating the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and risk of cardiac arrest.

China ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Malnutrition ; Mass Screening ; Postoperative Complications ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity