Objective:To investigate the effect of bilateral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) on motor performance, quality of life, sleep quality, neuropsychological status, and mood in patients with Meige syndrome.Methods:The clinical data of 17 patients with Meige syndrome accepted bilateral GPi-DBS in Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Peking University from May 2019 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Established and validated rating scales were used to assess the motor performance, quality of life, sleep quality, neuropsychological status, and mood at baseline, and 1 and 2 years after GPi-DBS.Results:Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia rating scale (BFMDRS) motor total scores decreased from 14.4±6.2 at baseline to 4.3±2.2 and 3.5±1.9 at 1 and 2 years after GPi-DBS, with significant differences ( P<0.05). BFMDRS disability total scores decreased from 6.2±4.0 at baseline to 2.8±2.0 and 2.2±1.5 at 1 and 2 years after GPi-DBS, with significant differences ( P<0.05). In 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the scores of physical function, role-physical, general health sub-items at 1 and 2 years after GPi-DBS were significantly higher than those at baseline ( P<0.05). No significant differences were noted in scores of sleep quality, neuropsychological function, or mood scales at 1 and 2 years after GPi-DBS compared with those at baseline ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Bilateral GPi-DBS is effective and safe in Meige syndrome, which can improve dystonic symptom and quality of life without adverse effects on sleep quality, neuropsychological function, or emotional status.

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis of glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) in central nervous system from perspective of brain morphology.Methods:A prospective study was performed. Twenty-seven patients with right primary GPN admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Peking University from April 2019 to June 2023 and 27 healthy subjects (controls) matched with age, gender, dominant hand, and education level during the same period were recruited. These patients were divided into GPN with neurovascular compression group ( n=18) and GPN without neurovascular compression ( n=9) based on intraoperative presence of neurovascular compression. SPM8 software based on Matlab R2017b programming platform and VBM8 toolbox were used to process the whole-brain high-resolution 3D-T1 brain structural image data of the participants and analyze the differences in the gray matter volume of each brain region between the 2 groups. Pearson correlation was applied to analyze the correlations of gray matter volumes in brain regions enjoying significant difference with baseline data and pain characteristics of these GPN patients. Results:Compared with controls, patients with GPN had significantly reduced gray matter volumes in the left anterior cingulate gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, right insula, thalamus, inferior parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus ( P<0.05, FDR corrected). Compared with GPN patients with neurovascular compression, GPN patients without neurovascular compression had significantly reduced gray matter volume in the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus ( P<0.05, FDR corrected). Changes of gray matter volume in the right insula were negatively correlated with disease duration of GPN patients ( r=-0.521, P=0.005). Conclusion:GPN patients have extensive gray matter atrophy in the brain, which may play an essential role in GPN development and maintenance.

Hemimasticatory muscle spasm (HMS) is a rare disorder of masticatory muscle caused by abnormal motor branch of trigeminal nerve; it is similar to hemifacial muscle spasm in symptoms, but it is even rarer. So far, only dozens of cases have been reported internationally. At present, the etiology of HMS is not completely clear, among which demyelinating lesions caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve motor branch by deep tissues or blood vessels are generally accepted by scholars. Research progresses on the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment plans of HMS are reported as follows, in order to provide ideas for clinicians to better identify and treat the disease.

Epilepsy has high incidence and complex etiologies,and its treatment remains challenging.For around 70% of people with epilepsy,seizures can be controlled after proper antiepileptic treatment.The availability of some new antiepileptic drugs in recent years has offered new options for epileptic patients.A solid knowledge on the pharmacokinetics,efficacy,and tolerability profiles of these new antiepileptic drugs will help to provide safe,proper,reasonable,and standardized treatment for patients.
Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Seizures ; drug therapy

Meige syndrome is a rare segmental craniocervical dystonia, mainly characterized by blepharospasm and involuntary contraction of jaw and neck muscles, which will seriously decrease the patient's quality of life. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease remain unclear, despite of some progress having been made in the relevant studies. Current treatments include drug therapy, botulinum toxin A injection and surgical treatment. In this article, the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of Meige syndrome will be briefly reviewed.

Objective To investigate the effect of paeoniflorin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT),migration and invasion of human glioma U87 cells and its underlying molecular mechanism.Methods Glioma U87 cells were treated with different dose of paeoniflorin.CCK-8 was used to measure the survival rate of glioma cells.Glioma U87 cells were infected with carrying transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)lentivirus to establish the stable overexpression TGF-β cell line.Wound healing assay and transwell assay were performed to measure cell migration and invasion ability,respectively.Western blot was applied to examined the expression of related proteins.Results Treatment with proliferation of 5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L had no significant effect on cell survival of U87 cells ((96.00± 3.61) ％,(92.33± 4.04) ％;P5 =0.593,P10 =0.284).But when the dose was up to 15 mmol/L,the survival rate of U87 cells decreased to(75.67±4.58)％,P=0.008.In addition,paeoniflorin inhibited the migration ability of U87 cells and the wound healing rate was(68.20±4.39) ％,(37.70±7.01) ％ when incubated with 5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L.Similarly,paeoniflorin suppressed invasion ability of U87 cells and the average number of infiltrated cells was (237.67±24.00),(130.67± 32.65),(59.67± 18.15) respectively (P5 =0.002,P10 ＜ 0.01).What's more,paeoniflorin down-regulated the expression of MMP2,MMP9 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins (P＜0.05).Overexpression of TGF-β reversed the effect of paeoniflorin on migration,invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioma U87 cells.Conclusion Paeoniflorin suppress TGF-β-induced migration,invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioma U87 cells.

Objective To summarize the microvascular decompression(MVD)surgery of vertebrobasilar blood vessel for primary trigeminal neuralgia patients. Methods Clinical data of 28 primary trigeminal neuralgia patients caused by vertebrobasilar blood vessel from October 2008 to June 2016 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 25 patients receving MVD and 3 patients receiving MVD and trigeminal sensory-root partial rhizotomy. Results The neuralgia in all the 28 patients immediately disappeared after surgery.Facial hypesthesia on the operation side occurred in 3 patients receiving MVD and trigeminal sensory-root partial rhizotomy.During follow-ups for 3 -24 months(mean, 18.6 months), none of the trigeminal neuralgia relapsed. Conclusions For primary trigeminal neuralgia patients caused by vertebrobasilar blood vessel, adequate nerve decompression and restoration of normal nerve anatomy are the guarantee for the efficacy of MVD surgery.For vessels with tensions and can not be passaged by one-time,multi-point decompression can complete the surgery.

This study established superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-beta) gene-modified spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (NSCs). The E14 rat embryonic spinal cord-derived NSCs were isolated and cultured. The cells of the third passage were transfected with plasmid pcDNA3-hNGFbeta by using FuGENE HD transfection reagent. The expression of NGF-beta was measured by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The positive clones were selected, allowed to proliferate and then labeled with SPIO, which was mediated by FuGENE HD transfection reagent. Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to identify the SPIO particles in the cells. The distinctive markers for stem cells (nestin), neuron (beta-III-tubulin), oligodendrocyte (CNPase) and astrocyte (GFAP) were employed to evaluate the differentiation ability of the labeled cells. The immunocytochemistry and western blotting showed that NGF-beta was expressed in spinal cord-derived NSCs. Prussian blue staining indicated that numerous blue-stained particles appeared in the cytoplasma of the labeled cells. TEM showed that SPIO particles were found in vacuolar structures of different sizes and the cytoplasma. The immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the labeled cells were nestin-positive. After differentiation, the cells expressed beta-III-tubulin, CNPase and GFAP. It was concluded that the SPIO-labeled NGF-beta gene-modified spinal cord-derived NSC were successfully established, which are multipotent and capable of self-renewal.
Cells, Cultured ; Dextrans/*diagnostic use ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetics ; Magnetite Nanoparticles/*diagnostic use ; Nerve Growth Factor/*genetics ; Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Neural Stem Cells/*cytology ; Spinal Cord/*cytology ; Transfection

This study established superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β) gene-modified spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (NSCs).The E14 rat embryonic spinal cord-derived NSCs were isolated and cultured.The cells of the third passage were transfected with plasmid pcDNA3-hNGFβ by using FuGENE HD transfection reagent.The expression of NGF-β was measured by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting.The positive clones were selected,allowed to proliferate and then labeled with SPIO,which was mediated by FuGENE HD transfection reagent.Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to identify the SPIO particles in the cells.The distinctive markers for stem cells (nestin),neuron (β-Ⅲ-tubulin),oligodendrocyte (CNPase) and astrocyte (GFAP) were employed to evaluate the differentiation ability of the labeled cells.The immunocytochemistry and western blotting showed that NGF-β was expressed in spinal cord-derived NSCs.Prussian blue staining indicated that numerous blue-stained particles appeared in the cytoplasma of the labeled cells.TEM showed that SPIO particles were found in vacuolar structures of different sizes and the cytoplasma.The immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the labeled cells were nestin-positive.After differentiation,the cells expressed β-Ⅲ-tubulin,CNPase and GFAE It was concluded that the SPIO-labeled NGF-β gene-modified spinal cord-derived NSC were successfully established,which are multipotent and capable of self-renewal.