Background/Aims: Obesity is associated with several gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and has been identified as a potential risk factor for various GI symptoms. Bowel frequency is an important indicator of bowel function. However, the causal link between obesity and gastrointestinal motility remains uncertain. This study aims to determine the causal effect of overall and central obesity on stool frequency. Methods: Four obesity-related anthropometric indicators–body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), and waist-tohip ratio (WHR)–were investigated. Individual-level baseline information from the UK Biobank was used to explore observational associations between obesity and stool frequency. Additionally, summary-level data from published genome-wide association studies were subjected to two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine causal associations. Results: For all 4 indicators of obesity, higher levels of obesity were associated with more frequent bowel movements after adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and dietary factors. After rigorous screening, 482 body mass index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 7 body fat percentage SNPs, 48 WC SNPs, and 287 WHR SNPs were identified as instrument variables for MR analysis. The MR results were generally consistent with observational findings, proving that the associations observed in the overall obesity indicators were causal. For central obesity, the association between WHR and stool frequency remained consistent in both analysis phases, whereas WC showed a multidirectional association. Conclusions Obesity-related anthropometric indicators were causally associated with increased stool frequency in the overall and central obesity groups. Weight loss could be a potential approach to improve gastrointestinal regularity in individuals with obesity.

Background/Aims: Obesity is associated with several gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and has been identified as a potential risk factor for various GI symptoms. Bowel frequency is an important indicator of bowel function. However, the causal link between obesity and gastrointestinal motility remains uncertain. This study aims to determine the causal effect of overall and central obesity on stool frequency. Methods: Four obesity-related anthropometric indicators–body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), and waist-tohip ratio (WHR)–were investigated. Individual-level baseline information from the UK Biobank was used to explore observational associations between obesity and stool frequency. Additionally, summary-level data from published genome-wide association studies were subjected to two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine causal associations. Results: For all 4 indicators of obesity, higher levels of obesity were associated with more frequent bowel movements after adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and dietary factors. After rigorous screening, 482 body mass index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 7 body fat percentage SNPs, 48 WC SNPs, and 287 WHR SNPs were identified as instrument variables for MR analysis. The MR results were generally consistent with observational findings, proving that the associations observed in the overall obesity indicators were causal. For central obesity, the association between WHR and stool frequency remained consistent in both analysis phases, whereas WC showed a multidirectional association. Conclusions Obesity-related anthropometric indicators were causally associated with increased stool frequency in the overall and central obesity groups. Weight loss could be a potential approach to improve gastrointestinal regularity in individuals with obesity.

Background/Aims: Obesity is associated with several gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and has been identified as a potential risk factor for various GI symptoms. Bowel frequency is an important indicator of bowel function. However, the causal link between obesity and gastrointestinal motility remains uncertain. This study aims to determine the causal effect of overall and central obesity on stool frequency. Methods: Four obesity-related anthropometric indicators–body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), and waist-tohip ratio (WHR)–were investigated. Individual-level baseline information from the UK Biobank was used to explore observational associations between obesity and stool frequency. Additionally, summary-level data from published genome-wide association studies were subjected to two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine causal associations. Results: For all 4 indicators of obesity, higher levels of obesity were associated with more frequent bowel movements after adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and dietary factors. After rigorous screening, 482 body mass index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 7 body fat percentage SNPs, 48 WC SNPs, and 287 WHR SNPs were identified as instrument variables for MR analysis. The MR results were generally consistent with observational findings, proving that the associations observed in the overall obesity indicators were causal. For central obesity, the association between WHR and stool frequency remained consistent in both analysis phases, whereas WC showed a multidirectional association. Conclusions Obesity-related anthropometric indicators were causally associated with increased stool frequency in the overall and central obesity groups. Weight loss could be a potential approach to improve gastrointestinal regularity in individuals with obesity.

Exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, holds a pivotal role in metabolic regulation, neuroplasticity, and immune homeostasis maintenance. However, human exercise studies are constrained by ethical limitations in tissue sampling, especially for key organs such as muscles and the brain. Meanwhile, rodent models like mice exhibit physiological differences in exercise patterns and metabolic rates from human. Despite these challenges, approximately 70% of human and mouse genes are conserved, providing a molecular basis for cross-species comparisons. This paper leverages the GEPREP database, which integrates human and mouse exercise transcriptomic data from multiple platforms, to conduct a comprehensive cross-species analysis of exercise-induced gene expression patterns. We employ a stringent data standardization process, including the conversion of orthologous genes and the filtering of low-expressing genes, to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the analysis. A mixed-effects model is utilized to assess differential gene expression across multiple cohorts, identifying genes that are significantly upregulated or downregulated in response to exercise. The analysis reveals a complex pattern of gene expression, with a significant number of genes showing conserved responses between humans and mice, particularly in acute aerobic exercise, where genes such as ATF3, PPARGC1A, and ANKRD1 are commonly upregulated. These genes are implicated in muscle stress response, metabolic regulation, and muscle adaptation, highlighting the shared molecular pathways activated by exercise across species. However, the study also uncovers substantial species-specific differences in gene expression, especially in chronic aerobic exercise, where the number of divergently regulated genes increases. These differences suggest that while some fundamental biological processes are conserved, the specific regulatory mechanisms and gene expression patterns can vary significantly between humans and mice. Functional enrichment analysis further reveals that conserved genes are involved in muscle development, inflammation regulation, and energy metabolism, while species-specific genes are associated with ion transport, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and muscle contraction, indicating the multifaceted impact of exercise on skeletal muscle function. The findings emphasize the importance of considering species-specific differences when interpreting results from animal models and translating them to human health applications. The study highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of the molecular underpinnings of exercise-induced adaptations and underscores the value of cross-species comparative analyses in uncovering the evolutionary and functional basis of these responses. Future research should focus on integrating multi-omics data and expanding the analysis to include other tissues to provide a more comprehensive view of the systemic effects of exercise. Additionally, the development of species-specific gene editing models and the validation of key genes in exercise physiology will further enhance our understanding of the evolutionary logic behind exercise interventions. This study not only provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced adaptations but also underscores the necessity of validating findings from animal models in human cohorts to ensure the reliability and applicability of translational research in exercise science. By addressing these aspects, the study aims to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical applications, ultimately contributing to the development of personalized exercise prescriptions and interventions that can effectively promote health and prevent diseases.

Objective To construct a knowledge graph of Hai Yao Ben Cao(Oversea Materia Medica)based on Neo4j technology,and to analyze the knowledge graph and discuss its significance.Methods Taking the original text of Hai Yao Ben Cao as the data source,the data information related to Chinese medicine was extracted,and then the Excel data table was established.The data information included a total of 13 items,and covered the serial number of Chinese medicines,name of Chinese medicines,medicinal part,origin,medicinal property,medicinal flavor,efficacy,toxicity,and various indicators.The extracted information was preprocessed and standardized.And then the constructed knowledge graph was stored and analyzed by graph database Neo4j.Results The knowledge graph of Hai Yao Ben Cao based on Neo4j was constructed,and a total of 518 entities and 1 046 entity relationships were obtained,which were mainly related with origin,medicinal flavor,and efficacy.The results of the entity statistics presented the status of medicinal development and the distribution of oversea medicines in Late Tang and Five Dynasties.The constructed knowledge graph of Hai Yao Ben Cao ensured the realization of information query and content visualization.Conclusion The constructed knowledge graph of Hai Yao Ben Cao intuitively shows the relationship among the category,origin,medicinal property,medicinal flavor,toxicity and efficacy of the medicines in the book,which will lay a foundation for further research on the medicine-medicine relationship and medicine-disease relationship,and for the study of the history of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)development.The knowledge graph of Hai Yao Ben Cao will also provide methods for the rational and effective utilization of ancient TCM books,being beneficial to the modernization of TCM.

Objective To clarify the understanding of types of laboratories and manufacturers for GB 9706.1-2020 Medical electrical equipment-Part 1:General requirements for basic safety and essential performance by laboratory proficiency testing for creepage distance and electrical clearance test.Methods An operation guide was formed according to the testing program in GB 9706.1-2020,and the homogeneity and stability of the samples were evaluated according to CNAS-GL003:2018 Guidance on Evaluating the Homogenneity and Stability of Samples Used for Proficiency Testing.Robust statistic methods were used to assess the quantitative parameters of the test results of the participating laboratories according to the requirements in GB/T 28043-2019 Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison;the results reported by the expert laboratories were used as the specified values of the qualitative parameters.SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results All the results of the crreepage distance and electrical clearance tests met the requirements for homogeneity and stability.Of the 46 laboratories involved in,37 ones did have comprehensive satisfactory determinations while the remained 9 ones not.Conclusion Some laboratories don't behave well in understanding the standard,which have to be reformed accordingly to enhance their proficiencies.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(10):54-59]

Jumonji domain-containing protein D3(JMJD3)is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that specif-ically removes transcriptional repression marks di-and tri-methylated groups from lysine 27 on histone 3(H3K27me2/3).The erasure of these marks leads to the activation of some associated genes,thereby influencing various biological processes,such as development,differentiation,and immune response.However,comprehensive descriptions regarding the relationship between JMJD3 and inflammation are lacking.Here,we provide a comprehensive overview of JMJD3,including its structure,functions,and involvement in inflammatory pathways.In addition,we summarize the evidence supporting JMJD3's role in several inflammatory diseases,as well as the potential therapeutic applications of JMJD3 inhibitors.Additionally,we also discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with investigating the functions of JMJD3 and developing targeted inhibitors and propose feasible solutions to provide valuable insights into the functional exploration and discovery of potential drugs targeting JMJD3 for inflammatory diseases.

Objective To investigate the levels of serum folate and vitamin B12(VB12)and their association with the level of neurodevelopment in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Methods A total of 324 ASD children aged 2-6 years and 318 healthy children aged 2-6 years were recruited.Serum levels of folate and VB12 were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay.The Social Responsiveness Scale and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale were used to assess the core symptoms of ASD children,and the Gesell Developmental Schedule was employed to evaluate the level of neurodevelopment.Results The levels of serum folate and VB12 in ASD children were significantly lower than those in healthy children(P＜0.05).Serum folate levels in ASD children were positively correlated with gross and fine motor developmental quotients(P＜0.05),and serum VB12 levels were positively correlated with adaptive behavior,fine motor,and language developmental quotients(P＜0.05).In ASD children aged 2 to＜4 years,serum folate levels were positively correlated with developmental quotients in all domains(P＜0.05),and serum VB12 levels were positively correlated with language developmental quotient(P＜0.05).In male ASD children,serum VB12 levels were positively correlated with language and personal-social developmental quotients(P＜0.05).Conclusions Serum folate and VB12 levels in preschool ASD children are lower than those in healthy children and are associated with neurodevelopmental levels,especially in ASD children under 4 years of age.Therefore,maintaining normal serum folate and VB12 levels may be beneficial for the neurodevelopment of ASD children,especially in ASD children under 4 years of age.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(4):371-377]

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogens and change of homology of Acinetobacter bau-mannii(AB)in intensive care units(ICUs)of partial medical institutions in Shanghai before and after the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods Pathogens were isolated and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS),the whole genome of AB was sequenced using Illumina Miseq sequencing platform,and its genetic relationship was explored based on multilocus sequence typing(MLST)and core genome multilocus sequence typing(cgMLST).Results The total detection rate of patho-gens in ICU environment after the pandemic was lower than before the pandemic([6.10％,101/1 656]vs[10.77％,181/1 680];P＜0.05).Before and after the pandemic,the proportion of AB detected on the surface of bedding in the ICU environment remained at the highest level.After the pandemic,the ST types showed a diverse distribution.MLST_Pasteur results showed that 162 strains of AB were divided into 20 ST types,with ST2(80.25％,n=130)being the main type.MLST_Oxford results showed that there were 19 ST types among 162 strains,with ST208(37.04％,n=60)being the main type.The clustering analysis based on cgMLST showed that ST208_Oxford had closer genetic relationship with ST540_Oxford and ST369_Oxford after the pandemic.ST164_Pasteur clone changed from ST234_Oxford before the pandemic to ST1418_Oxford after the pandemic,and 2 new types of ST_Pasteurr and 11 new types of ST_Oxford were discovered.Conclusion The detection rate of pathogens from ICU environment after the pandemic is lower than before the pandemic,and the distribution of ST types is slightly different at the same detection sites before and after the pandemic.ST2_Pasteur/ST208_Oxford is still the dominant epidemic clone before and after the pandemic,but some alleles have changed.cgMLST is more accurate than MLST_Oxford and MLST_Pasteur in homology analysis,evolution,spread,and outbreak analysis.

Objective:To explore the development status, research hotspots, and frontiers of low value care (LVC) de-implementation in foreign countries.Methods:The literature on LVC de-implementation included in the Web of Science core collection from 1995 to 2023 was electronically searched. Excel software was used to organize literature. CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze the authors, institutions, countries, journals, co-citation status, and key terms included in the literature.Results:A total of 576 articles were included. The overall number of articles published from 1995 to 2023 showed an increase, with the highest in 2022 (150 articles). The top 10 research institutions with publication volume and centrality> 0.10 were the Harvard University and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Compared with other journals, Archives of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and American Review of Respiratory Disease had the highest number of indexed literature. The journals with a co-citation frequency greater than 50 and centrality>0.10 were Archives of Internal Medicine, The American Journal of Medicine, British Medical Journal and Annals of Internal Medicine. In addition to the key terms searched for in this study, the key terms frequently cited greater than 30 times in 576 articles were "impact" "management" "outcome" "health" "quality" "health care", and "guidelines". The clusters in keyword clustering analysis that extend the timeline to the past 5 years were "value based care" and "low value care". The analysis of burst words showed that the forefront was the accurate identification of LVC in clinical practice and the intervention strategies for LVC de-implementation. Conclusions:Through the analysis of key terms and burst terms, it is found that in recent years, research topics in this field focus on the relationship between LVC and medical insurance expenditures, the influencing factors of de-implementation, tools (checklists or manuals) for identifying LVC, clinical intervention pathways, de-implementation of different types of LVC, and evaluation of the effectiveness of de-implementation. In the future, domestic research needs to strengthen international cooperation and exchange, explore and construct a suitable implementation path for LVC in China, accurately formulate LVC lists and intervention strategies, optimize nursing measures, improve the effective utilization of medical resources, and provide effective and high-quality nursing services for patients.