1.Evaluation of in vitro antifungal effects of synthetic and herbal mouth rinses on oral Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
Nordin, R. ; Roslan, M.A. ; Fathilah, A.R. ; Ngui, R. ; Musa, S.
Tropical Biomedicine 2022;39(No.3):302-314
		                        		
		                        			
		                        			Mouth rinses which function as breath fresheners, medicaments, and antiseptics can also deliver oral 
therapeutic agents. This study evaluated and compared the antifungal effects of synthetic and herbal 
mouth rinses on oral C. albicans and C. glabrata via disk diffusion, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), 
minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), time-kill assay, and growth profile tests. The four chemical 
mouth rinses, namely Brand O (A), Brand M (B), Brand H (C), and Brand B (D) used in the study showed 
positive antifungal activity in these two species. The average diameter of the inhibition zones obtained 
from the disk diffusion test was higher in mouth rinse B (C. albicans = 12.0 ± 0.9 mm, C. glabrata = 
13.5 ± 0.8 mm) compared to those in C, A and D. Both Candida species exhibited similar MIC and MFC 
values, ranging from 1.63 ± 0.5 to 18.75 ± 0.0 µg/mL and 6.51 ± 2.01 to 50.00 ± 9.36 µg/mL, respectively. 
These synthetic mouth rinses had efficient killing activity eliminating 50% of the growing population 
of both Candida spp. following 15 seconds exposure time. Analyses of the growth profile curves showed 
that mouth rinses B and A resulted in rapid growth depletion of both Candida spp. Meanwhile, three 
herbal mouth rinses, namely Brand S (E), Brand C (F), and Brand P (G), were less effective against C. 
albicans and C. glabrata. Mouth rinses B and A contained cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine, 
respectively, and could be an effective alternative for controlling and preventing oral candidiasis.
		                        		
		                        		
		                        		
		                        	
            

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