A subset of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).When NASH reaches a fibrosis degree of F≥2 and a NAS score of≥4,this stage of NASH is referred to as fibrotic NASH,which is a key focus in clinical drug trials.Currently,liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing the histological changes of the liver,but its clinical application is limited by its invasiveness,and therefore,it is of particular importance to develop noninvasive detection methods for fibrotic NASH.This article summarizes the recent research achievements in novel noninvasive diagnostic methods for fibrotic NASH and elaborates on these new diagnostic methods for predicting fibrotic NASH in terms of current status,challenges faced,and prospects for future development.

Objective:To investigate the application value of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology assisted laparoscopic anatomic liver resection of segment 8 (Lap-S8).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 8 liver cancer patients including 7 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma and 1 case with intrahepatic cholangio-carcinoma who underwent 3D printing technology assisted Lap-S8 in the Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected. There were 7 males and 1 female, aged from 49.0 to 80.0 years, with a median age of 56.5 years. Of the 8 patients, 6 cases underwent laparoscopic anatomic liver resection of the entire segment 8, 1 case underwent laparoscopic anatomic liver resection of ventral subsegmental of the segment 8 and 1 case underwent laparoscopic anatomic liver resection of dorsal subsegmental of the segment 8. 3D printing technology was used to assist preoperative evaluation and intraoperative navigation for all 8 patients. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination, internet or telephone interview to detect survival and tumor recurrence of patients after operation up to March 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical situations: all the 8 patients underwent 3D printing technology assisted Lap-S8 successfully, without conversion to open surgery. The operation time, hepatic portal occlusion time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of the 8 patients were (216±41)minutes, (56±11)minutes and 75 mL(range, 50 to 300 mL), respectively. There was no intraoperative blood transfusion in 8 patients, and the surgical margin of the 8 patients was negative. (2) Postoperative situations: the duration of postoperative hospital stay of the 8 patients were (9±3)days. There was no complication such as postoperative hemorrhage, biliary fistula, liver abscess or abdominal infection occurred. (3) Follow-up: all the 8 patients were followed up for 3.0?24.0 months, with a median follow-up time of 12.5 months. During the follow-up, 1 of 8 patients with preoperative diagnosis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma developed tumor recurrence at 5 months after operation. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery followed with the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and target therapy, and survived with tumor. There was no tumor recurrence in the other 7 patients.Conclusion:3D printing technology assisted Lap-S8 is safe and feasible.

Objective: To explore the effect of interfering insulin-like growth factors-1 receptors (IGF-1R) by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on cell cycle and apoptosis of hypoxic hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods: The hypoxic hepatocellular carcinoma model was established via cobalt chloride treatment. Three siRNAs targeting IGF1R gene and one negative control siRNA were designed and synthesized. They were transfected into hypoxic HepG2 cells, and 24 h later, the transfection efficiency was detected by fluorescent microscopy. The protein expression of IFG-1R was detected with Western blotting (WB) to screen the siRNA with highest transfection efficacy. The selected siRNA was used to transfect hypoxic HepG2 cells. The proliferation of hypoxic HepG2 cells was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by Flow cytometry. WB was performed to detect the proteinexpressionsofCDK1,CDK2andCaspase-3inHepG2cells. Results: The hypoxic hepatocellular carcinoma model was successfully established. IGF-1R-siRNA-2 showed the most effective interference efficiency and the most significant knockdown of IGF-1R (all P<0.01). The proliferation of HepG2 cells transfected with IGF-1R siRNA-2 was significantly suppressed (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the cell cycle was blocked at G0/G1 phase (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate was increased up to (25.3±1.3)% P<0.01). In the meanwhile, the expressions of CDK1 and CDK2 were decreased and the expression of Caspase-3 was increased in hypoxic HepG2 cells after IGF-1R knockdown (P<0.05). Conclusion: Interfering IGF-1R by siRNA inhibits the malignant biological behaviors of hypoxic HepG2 cells via regulating cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins. IGF-1R may be a potential target for the treatment of HCC.

It is difficult to define whether the thymoma is benign or malignant because of its morphological heterogeneity. The structure of the mediastinum is complex,and the tumor′s invasion of different structures will have different effects on the prognosis of the patients. These characteristics make it difficult for clinicians to assess their prognosis. The histology classification and clinical staging were used to determine the prognosis. But the existing staging types are complex and are not well matched with the prognosis.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of curcumin on angiogenesis in rats with DEN (diethylnitrosamine)-induced HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) under hypoxia. Methods: Rat HCC was induced by DEN, and its hepatic hypoxia model was established by ligating hepatic artery. The rats with established HCC model were randomly divided into four groups according to digital table method: lipiodol embolization group (group A), lipiodol combined with curcumin embolization group (group B), lipiodol combined with peripheral liver capsule group (group C), lipiodol combined with curcumin and peripheral liver capsule group (group D), with 10 rats in each group. VEGF expression in HCC cells and tissues, microvessel density (MVD), and median survival time (MST) of rats in each group were compared. Results: VEGF protein expression and microvessel density in group B, D were significantly lower than those in A group ( P <0.01), while those in C group had no significant difference compared with group A ( P >0.05). MST in group B, C and D was significantly longer than that in group A ( P <0.05), and the MST in group D was higher than that in group B and C ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Curcumin can inhibit tumor angiogenesis and decrease VEGF expression and MVD in HCC rats under hypoxia, thus further prolong the survival time of the rats.

Objective To compare the interventional operation room air disinfection effect of circulatingair disinfection method by an ultraviolet air disinfector with that of air-purifying screen disinfection method in order to provide scientific basis for formulating optimal measures to control hospital infection.Methods By using plate natural sedimentation method,air sampling was conducted at different period of time after the start of air disinfection in operation room.The air sterilization results of the two disinfection methods for the operation room where several consecutive interventional procedures had been performed were compared.Results Both disinfection methods had better preoperative air disinfection effect (P＞0.05).When ultraviolet disinfection method was used,the differences in colony detection results among the air samples that were collected at different time periods were statistically significant (P＞0.01).With the increasing of time after the start of air disinfection,the number of bacterial colonies was increased.If air-purifying screen disinfection method was employed,the air in the operation could be continuously and dynamically purified,the number of bacterial colonies determined in the whole course of operation met the national hygienic standard for air disinfection.Conclusion Continuous air purification by using air-purifying screen disinfection method can shorten the interval between consecutive surgeries,meanwhile,the operation room can be kept in a condition for any emergency surgery at anytime,besides,nosocomialtion can be effectively prevented.

Objective To explore the role of defoamer enema combined with bellym assage on the colonic preparation in elderly patients with constipation. Methods One hundred patients were divided into two groups by random number table method, the experimental group and the control group with 50 cases each. Patients in the control group were told to drink polyethyleneglycolelectrolytesolution 3000 ml. Patients in the experimental group were told to drink polyethyleneglycolelectrolytesolution 2000 ml. After medicinepre paration, the patients of experimental group were given defoamer enema. After that, they were undertaken counterclockwise massage for10 mins, then massageing clockwise until defecation. Results 14 patients with oral catharsis drugs failed to give up check, 46 cases of intervention group and 40 cases of control group finally complete intestinal preparation and colonoscopy. Intervention group patients after bowel preparation before the incidence of abdominal distension, abdominal pain were 6.52% (3/46), 8.70%(4/46), lower than the control group 65.00% (26/40), 25.00% (10/40), the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 32.74, 4.17, P< 0.05). Percent of pass was 65.22%(30/46) for intestinal preparation intervention group, significantly higher than the control group 35.00% (14/40), the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 7.82, P< 0.05). Intervention group intestinal cleanliness ratings of Ottawa total score was 4.00 (4.00), which was lower than the control group 7.00 (4.50), the difference was statistically significant (Z= 3.80, P< 0.05). Endoscopic check process, the intervention group arrived at the terminal ileum and mirror back time were 7.00 (3.00) and 9.00 (1.00) min, were less than 9.00(6.50) and 10.50 (3.00) min in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (Z= 2.09, 4.53, P< 0.05). Intervention group of colons polyps detection rate was 67.39% (31/46), higher than that of control group 30.00% (12/40), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 11.97, P< 0.05). Conclusions The bowel preparation with defoamer enema will enhance the intestinal tract cleaness and the detection rate of polyps in elderly patients with constipation.

Objective To investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide(As2O3) on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of C6 glioma cells in vitro.Methods The C6 glioma cells were treated by 1,3,5 μ mol/L of As2O3 with different duration and observed under the microscope and electromicroscope.The viability of C6 glioma cells was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay,and cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry.Results After treatment of 1,3,5 μ mol/L As2O3,C6 glioma cells were inhibited obviously with a dose- and time-dependent manner (P ＜0.05) by MTT.During flow cytometry,more increasing apoptotic cells were found in different concentration As2O3.Characteristic morphological changes were observed in As2O3 intervention by transmission election microscopy including cell shrinkage,physaliphore,nuclear condensation and apoptosis and so on.Conclusion As2O3 can inhibit the cell proliferation and induce the apoptosis of C6 glioma cells.

Objective To explore the relationship between lecithin cholesterol acy ltransferase (LCAT) gene 608C/T and 511C/T polymorphisms and stroke in Chinese Han population in Hunan province. Methods One hundred fifty patients with cerebral infarction, 150patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and 122 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were selected.LCAT gene 608C/T and 511C/T polymorphisms were detected by using polyrnerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Results The CT genotype frequency (14. 0% ) and T allele frequency (7. 0% )of the LCAT gene 608C/T in the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P ＜0. 05), while there were no significant differences in the CT genotype frequency (7. 3% ) and T allele frequency (3.7%) between the cerebral hemorrhage group and the control group (P ＞ 0. 05). The CT genotype frequency (10. 0% ) and T allele frequency (5. 0% ) of the LCAT gene 511C/T in the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P ＜0. 01), while there were no significant differences in the CT genotype frequency (3.3%) and T allele frequency (1.7%) between the cerebral hemorrhage group and the control group (P ＞0. 05). Conclusions The 608C/T and 511C/T polymorphisms may be associated with the occurrence of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in Chinese Han population in Hunan province. They may be the predisposing factors for atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in this population; however, they are not associated with cerebral hemorrhage.

To improve the efficiency of targeted gene replacement (TGR), a dual screen (DS) system with gusA gene as negative selective marker (GUS-DS) was developed in Magnaporthe oryzae. First, we tested the endogenous beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activities of 78 fungal strains. All tested strains were GUS-, only with 3 exceptions. Whereas, after the gusA being introduced in, M. oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum lagenarium acquired high GUS activities. The gusA is thus usable as a selective maker in fungal species. With gusA as the negative marker, HPH gene as the positive marker, and the peroxisomal targeting signal receptor genes MGPEX5 and MGPEX7 as 2 instances of target genes, we established the GUS-DS system. After transformation, we collected the transformants from hygromycin B screen media and then tested the GUS activities of them. The GUS- ones were selected as potential mutants and checked in succession by PCR and Southern blotting to identify the true mutants and calculate the efficiency of GUS-DS. As a result, GUS-DS improved the screen efficiency for delta mgpex5 from 65.8% to 90.6%, and for delta mgpex7 from 31.2% to 82.8%. In addition, we established a multiple PCR (M-PCR) method for mutant confirmation. By amplifying the different regions at the targeted locus, M-PCR differentiated the wild type, the ectopic transformants and the mutants effectively and rapidly, and had the same reliability as Southern blotting. In conclusion, GUS-DS and M-PCR are useful tools to improve the efficiency of TGR and would be helpful for fungal genomics.
Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Genes, Fungal ; Glucuronidase ; genetics ; Magnaporthe ; genetics ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; methods ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic