Objective: To investigate the impact of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13(TNFSF13) derived from M2 macrophages on temozolomide(TMZ) resistanceviaregulating interferon regulatory factor 8(IRF8) in glioblastoma(GBM) cells. Methods: Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to detect the expression of TNFSF13 in normal brain tissues and GBM tissues. ELISA was used to measure the expression of TNFSF13 in the conditioned media(CM) of M0-type macrophages and M2-type macrophages. M0-CM and M2-CM were used to culture U251 sensitive(U251/S) and resistant(U251/R) cells. The TMZ treatment group was also treated with 800 μmol/L TMZ. The U251/R cells were divided into the following groups: con group, M2vector-CM group, M2vector-CM+TMZ group, M2TNFSF13-CM group, M2TNFSF13-CM+TMZ group, si-IRF8 group, and si-IRF8+M2TNFSF13-CM group. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability and calculate the IC50value. Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expression of IRF8. Nude mouse xenograft models were constructed and the nude mice were divided into the following groups: U251+M2si-NCgroup, U251+M2si-TNFSF13group, U251+M2si-NC+TMZ group, U251+M2si-TNFSF13+TMZ group. The tumor volume and mass of each group were measured, and IHC was used to detect the expression of TNFSF13 and CD206 in tumor tissues of each group. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues and M0-CM, the expression of TNFSF13 was up-regulated in cancer tissues and M2-CM. Compared with the M0-CM group, the IC50value of TMZ and the number of cell invasions in U251/S and U251/R cells in the M2-CM group significantly increased(allP<0.05). Overexpression of TNFSF13 in M2 macrophages could promote the IC50value of TMZ in U251/R cells, promote cell invasion, and inhibit cell apoptosis(allP<0.05). Overexpression of TNFSF13 promoted the expression of IRF8, and knocking down IRF8 could attenuate the TMZ resistance of U251/R mediated by overexpression of TNFSF13.In vivostudies showed that knocking down TNFSF13 alone or combined with TMZ treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the expression of TNFSF13 and CD206. Conclusion TNFSF13 derived from M2 macrophages promotes TMZ resistance in GBM cells by activating IRF8.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of dronedarone in preventing early recurrence of atrial fibrillation(AF)after ablation.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect the clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of dronedarone in preventing early recurrence of AF after ablation from the inception to April 16,2024.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data,and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of three randomized controlled trials and eight cohort studies were ultimately included,including 1 534 patients.The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the early recurrence rate of AF after ablation between the dronedarone group and the amiodarone group(RR=1.15,95％CI 0.90 to 1.47,P=0.25).Compared with the amiodarone group,the dronedarone group had a higher incidence of bleeding(RR=2.28,95％CI 1.08 to 4.81,P＜0.05),a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions(RR=3.87,95％CI 1.39 to 10.74,P=0.009)and a lower incidence of thyroid dysfunction(RR=0.15,95％CI 0.06 to 0.40,P＜0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bradycardia,liver and kidney dysfunction,and total adverse drug reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with the propafenone group,the dronedarone group had a lower early recurrence rate of AF after ablation(RR=0.31,95％CI 0.17 to 0.57,P＜0.001).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between them(P＞0.05).Conclusion Current evidence suggests that dronedarone is as effective in preventing early recurrence after AF ablation as amiodarone,but more effective than propafenone.In terms of safety,compared to amiodarone,dronedarone has a lower risk of thyroid dysfunction,but a higher risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions and bleeding.Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies,more large sample,multi-center and high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

OBJECTIVE：To understand the current status of clinical understanding of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ” in the application of TCM ，and to provide reference for standardizing the connotation and rational application of “prohibiting” “avoiding”“using caution ”of TCM. METHODS ：Based on the theory of “knowledge-attitude-behavior”，doctor-pharmacist questionnaires and patient questionnaires were designed on the basis of literature research and clinical practice. Through the “Tencent questionnaire ”platform，800 doctor-pharmacist questionnaires were distributed to nearly 300 medical institutions from 32 provinces（cities，autonomous regions ）and 800 patient questionnaires were distributed to public patiants who had used TCM nationwide by anonymous online method. After dimensionality reduction of the questionnaire from three dimensions of cognition ， attention and behavior ，the cognition ，attention and behavior of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ”in the application of TCM were evaluated by 10 points system. RESULTS ：A total of 703 doctor-pharmacist questionnaires were collected ，including 638 valid questionnaires with recovery rate of 87.9％ and effective rate of 90.8％；Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.90. A total of 644 patient questionnaires were collected ，including 621 valid questionnaires with recovery rate of 80.5％ and effective rate of 96.4％ . The cognition score of doctors and pharmacists to the terms of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ”in clinical application of TCM was （7.94±1.21），and that of patients was （5.64±1.54）. The score of doctors and pharmacists ’attention to the above terms was （9.47±1.15）（Spearman Rho correlation coefficient with cognition score was 0.077，P＞0.05），and the score of behavioral ability of patients was （7.01±1.71）（Spearman Rho correlation coefficient with cognition score was －0.021，P＞ 0.05）. The score of behavior ability was （7.43 ± 1.72） （Spearman Rho correlation coefficient with cognition score was 0.233，P＜0.01）. TCM textbooks （89.2％），trainingmeetings （66.5％） and herbal prescriptions （58.2％） were the main ways for doctors and pharmacists to learn the above taboos. Medical staff （74.2％）and internet （52.5％）were the main ways for patients to understand the above taboos. CONCLUSIONS ：Doctors，pharmacists and patients pay more attention to the terms of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ”in the clinical application of TCM ，but their cognition and executive power were low. Clinical cognition of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ”in the application of TCM is relatively vague，and the corresponding clinical practice behavior is lacking. It is yet to establish clinical specialist consensus in the field of TCM and publicize it actively to improve the level of clinical rational drug use.

Objective:To analyze the trend of smoking prevalence and its risk factors among adults in Shaanxi province from 2007 to 2015.Methods:We used data from China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2015. The current smoking prevalence and trends of the four surveys were calculated. Its risk factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression from each survey and then from all pooled data of the three surveys.Results:The number of participants in 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2015 was 1 542, 3 000, 10 166 and 6 330, respectively. The current smoking prevalence dropped from 34.34 % in 2007 to 26.22 % in 2013, but increased to 28.33 % in 2015 (trend χ2 test: Z=2.53, P=0.01). The results from four pooled data showed that the current smoking prevalence of men was higher than that of women ( OR=75.03, 95 %CI: 63.57-88.55). The current smoking prevalence of people aged 45-59 was higher than that of people aged 18-44 ( OR=1.28, 95 %CI: 1.15-1.41). In addition, the current smoking prevalence of those who were educated for 7-9 years and more than 9 years were higher than those who were educated for less than 6 years (people with education for 7-9 years OR=1.44, 95 %CI: 1.29-1.61; people with education >9 years OR=1.43, 95 %CI: 1.26-1.63). The current smoking prevalence of the single was lower than those of married/cohabitants ( OR=0.54, 95 %CI: 0.37-0.77). The current smoking prevalence of retirees were lower than those of employees ( OR=0.46, 95 %CI: 0.38-0.57) and smoking prevalence of alcohol drinkers were higher than those of non-drinkers ( OR=2.92, 95 %CI: 2.67-3.19). Conclusion:From 2007 to 2015, the current smoking prevalence of Shaanxi population was high and the trends remained stable. It is necessary to strengthen smoking control and health education for men, people over 45 years old, people with education level 7 years and above, and working personnel in Shaanxi province.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of chronic diseases and related risk factors in Shaanxi province. Methods: Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to collect the sample from permanent residents in 10 national surveillance points in Shaanxi province in 2015. Behavioral risk factors (smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity) were investigated by face-to-face interviews and biological risk factors (BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid) were collected by physical measurements and laboratory tests. Designed weight, no response weight and post hierarchical weight were taken into account in the data analysis. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the pair-wise associations among 8 risk factors. Results: A total of 6 174 persons were included in the analysis. The following weighted prevalence were noticed in Shaanxi province in 2015, that including current smoking as 28.19%, harmful use of alcohol as 6.20%, inadequate intake of vegetables and fruits as 55.62%, physical inactivity as 19.56%, overweight and obesity as 46.82%, hypertension as 31.12%, raised fasting blood glucose as 4.27%, and raised total cholesterol as 20.96%. Eight risk factors were found to be associated with each other. The mean numbers of risk factors were 2.41 per male and 1.85 per female, 1.94 per urban resident and 2.28 per rural resident. Conclusions Risk factors for chronic diseases among adults aged 18 or older were more than the national levels in Shaanxi province in 2015. Male and rural residents presented more risk factors than their counterparts. Correlations between risk factors implied that a combined package of interventions was needed to reduce these risk factors.

Objective: To understand the trends of smoking and passive smoking exposure in adults in Shaanxi province from 2007 to 2015. Methods: Data was from China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2015 to calculate the rates of smoking, smoking cessation and passive smoking exposure, as well as the amount of smoking of smokers indicated by each surveillance. Cochran-Armitage test was used to assess the trends across survey periods. The weighting rate was calculated by using sampling weight and data from the 6^th national census in 2010. Sensitivity analysis was done to test the trends as well. Results: The results of the surveillance indicated that the smoking rate in 2007 was 38.26%, highest in the results of four surveys, it decreased to 30.95% in 2013 and then increased to 34.11% in 2015 (Cochran-Armitage test: Z=2.46, P=0.014). The amount of smoking increased from 16.90 cigarettes per day in 2007 to 17.76 cigarettes per day in 2015. The overall rate of smoking cessation was 11.02% in 2007 and 16.95% in 2015 (Cochran- Armitage test: Z=-4.18, P<0.01). We observed the passive smoking exposure rate was 48.10% in 2010 and 63.88% in 2015 (Cochran-Armitage test: Z=-10.60, P<0.01). We found no difference in trends by sensitivity analysis. Conclusions The smoking rate and amount of cigarettes smoked in adults in Shaanxi remained stable and at a high level. The rate of smoking cessation increased gradually, while the passive smoking exposure rate increased rapidly.

PURPOSE: Epirubicin is one of the most effective drugs against osteosarcoma. miR-1301 is involved in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma. Whether miR-1301 is responsible for the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to epirubicin remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: U2OS and SAOS-2 cells were treated with various concentrations of epirubicin. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell apoptotic rate. Cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were utilized to detect the expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP1), TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1), and microRNA-1301 (miR-1301). The relationship between miR-1301 and TRIAP1 was determined by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: Epirubicin inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, induced apoptosis, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and increased the expressions of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP1 in osteosarcoma cells. miR-1301 was downregulated in U2OS and SAOS-2 cells. Importantly, epirubicin significantly increased the levels of miR-1301. Overexpression of miR-1301 suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Interestingly, those effects were enhanced by epirubicin. In contrast, miR-1301 depletion attenuated the epirubicin-mediated anti-osteosarcoma effect. miR-1301 negatively regulated the expression of TRIAP1 in U2OS and SAOS-2 cells. Furthermore, epirubicin inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of TRIAP1 by upregulating miR-1301 levels. Epirubicin suppressed cell proliferation by downregulating TRIAP1. CONCLUSION: miR-1301 was implicated in the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma to epirubicin by modulating TRIAP1.
Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation ; Epirubicin ; Flow Cytometry ; Luciferases ; Osteosarcoma ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger

Objective To improve the diagnosis of rectal villous tumors by analyzing MRI images.Methods MRI images of 15 patients with rectal villous tumors which had been surgically resected were reviewed retrospectively(9 cases of tubulovillous adenomas,6 cases of villous adenomas).Results Among 15 lesions,7 patients with villous tumors were characterized villous-like mass with wide stem,5 patients were nodular in shape,3 patients were papillary mass,and all of 15 patients showed hypointence on T1 WI,and slightly hypointence on T2WI.On DWI,9 lesions showed low signal in center of tumor and with significant increasing signal at the boundaries of the lesion,and other 6 patients showed slightly hyperintence homogeneously.On enhanced MRI,7 patients with villous tumors showed frond pattern enhancement,5 patients showed slightly homogeneous enhancement,and 3 patients showed cerebriform pattern enhancement.11 lesions had focal dysplasia varying degrees and 4 lesions had focal carcinomatous invasion which were greater than 3 cm in diameter,in which MRI revealed villous-like in shape with frond pattern enhancement in 2 lesions,and papillary shape with cerebriform enhancement in the other 2 lesions.Conclusion MRI appearances of rectal villous tumors are variable.MRI helps with the identification of specific features of rectal villous tumors and malignant degeneration.

Objective To review the occurrence and relevant factors of adverse drug reactions (ADR) of Xueshuantong Injection. Methods Articles and documents in CNKI, VIP, and CBM were searched in June 2014 according to incorporation and exclusion standard. The dose, indication, medicating path and method, solvent, as well as the duration of treatment course and adverse reaction of Xueshuantong Injection were analyzed. The national information system for monitoring ADR was searched to collect adverse reaction cases of Xueshuantong Injection (2004.9-2014.9) reported in Lanzhou region. Cases were analyzed and under analogy with literature results. Results Totally 66 articles involving 4686 patients were included (except for patients of control group). Adverse reactions occurred in 767 patients, including skin damage (402 cases), systemic damage (221 cases), gastrointestinal system damage (75 cases). All of these were relieved after treatment. There were 11 adverse reaction cases of Xueshuantong Injection from Lanzhou region reported in the national information system for monitoring ADR. Conclusion There is a high incidence of adverse reactions in the clinical application of Xueshuantong Injection and ratio of serious adverse events report.

OBJECTIVE:To compare pharmacoeconomic and effect of Xueshuantong for injection and Ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke. METHODS:Retrospective study was conducted. Totally 404 inpatients with ischemic stroke were divided into Xueshuantong group(271 cases)and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole group(133 cas-es) according to clinical treatment programs. Based on the conventional treatment,patients in 2 groups were given Xueshuantong for injection and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection,respectively. The average treatment course was 10 d. Cost-minimi-zation analysis was performed with the determination index of total effective rate. RESULTS:The total effective rates in Xueshuan-tong group and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole group were 90.77% and 88.72%,respectively,the difference was not statisti-cally significant(P>0.05). The costs in 2 groups were 12 860.21 yuan and 13 155.40 yuan,respectively,and xueshuantong group had lower than ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamde group. CONCLUSIONS:Both Xueshuantong for injection and Ginkgo leaf ex-tract and dipyridamole injection are effective in the treatment of ischemic stroke. However,the economy of Xueshuantong for injec-tion is superior to the other one.