Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Body Mass Index ; Depression ; microbiology ; Diarrhea ; microbiology ; Duloxetine Hydrochloride ; therapeutic use ; Feces ; microbiology ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Probiotics ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Young Adult

Background: Nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis (Ni-ACD) is a global health problem. More detailed knowledge on the skin uptake of haptens is required. This study aimed to investigate the penetration process and distribution of nickel in skin tissues with late phase and early phase of Ni-ACD to understand the mechanisms of metal allergy. Methods: Forty Hartley guinea pigs were divided into four groups according to the NiSO₄ sensitizing concentration and the NiSO₄ challenged concentration: the 5% NiSO₄-group, 5% to 10% (sensitization-challenge; late phase group); 10% NiSO₄-group, 10% to 10% (sensitization-challenge; early-phase group); and the positive and negative controls. Pathological biopsies were performed on each group. The depth profile of nickel element concentration in the skin of guinea pigs was detected by synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR-μ-XRF) and micro X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (μ-XANES). Results: In each section, the nickel element concentration in both the 5% NiSO₄-group and 10% NiSO₄-group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group. In the upper 300-μm section of skin for the early phase group, the nickel element concentration was significantly higher than that in the lower section of skin. In deeper sections (<200 μm) of skin, the concentration of nickel in the early phase group was approximately equal to that in the late phase group. The curve of the late phase group was flat, which means that the nickel element concentration was distributed uniformly by SR-μ-XRF. According to the XANES data for the 10% NiSO₄ metal salt solution, structural changes occurred in the skin model sample, indicating that nickel was not present in the Ni²⁺ aqueous ionic state but in the nickel-binding protein. Conclusions This study showed that the distribution of the nickel element concentration in ACD skin tissue was different between the early phase and late phase groups. The nickel element was not present in the Ni²⁺ aqueous ionic state but bound with certain proteins to form a complex in the stratum corneum in ACD model tissue.

Objective To describe the status of hope,self-efficacy,and self-management in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)(stages 1-3)and to explore the interactions between these three variables.Methods Herth Hope Index,self-efficacy scale,and CKD self-management instrument were used to evaluate the patients with CKD(stages 1-3)in PUMC Hospital(=153). Structural equation modeling was used to establish the structural equation model of hope,self-efficacy,and self-management.Results The median score of hope was 40.0(36.0,44.5),and 85.0% of patients were in higher level of hope. The median score of self-efficacy was 8.3(7.1,9.4)and the overall score of self-management was 89.0±13.4. There were no significant differences in level of hope and self-management among patients with different age,gender,marital status,educational level,course of disease,and CKD stages(all >0.05). Age and marriage status were significantly associated with self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was significantly higher in >65 years group than in other age groups(<0.05)and was significantly higher in married group than in single group(<0.05).The level of hope had direct effect on self-efficacy(=0.67,<0.05)and self-management(=0.46,<0.05).Conclusions The levels of hope,self-efficacy,and self-management are high in patients with CKD(stages 1-3). Hope directly affects the self-efficacy and self-management of these patients.
Hope ; Humans ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; psychology ; therapy ; Self Efficacy ; Self-Management

PURPOSEMacrophages are known to be important for healing numerous injured tissues depending on their functional phenotypes in response to different stimuli. The objective of this study was to reveal macrophage phenotypic changes involved in exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury and regeneration.

METHODSAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats experienced one session of downhill running (16° decline, 16 m/min) for 90 min. After exercise the blood and soleus muscles were collected at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 1 w and 2 w after exercise, separately.

RESULTSIt was showed that CD68 M1 macrophages mainly infiltrated into muscle necrotic sites at 1-3 d, while CD163 M2 macrophages were present in muscles from 0 h to 2 weeks after exercise. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed activated satellite cells 1 d after exercise. Th1-associated transcripts of iNOS and Ccl2 were inhibited post exercise, while COX-2 mRNA was dramatically increased 12 h after running (p < 0.01). M2 phenotype marker Arg-1 increased 12 h and 3 d (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) after exercise, and Clec10a and Mrc2 were up-regulated in muscles 12 h following exercise (p < 0.05, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe data demonstrate the dynamic patterns of macrophage phenotype in skeletal muscle upon eccentric exercise stimuli, and M1 and M2 phenotypes perform different functions during exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury and recovery.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Macrophages ; physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; injuries ; pathology ; Myoglobin ; blood ; Phenotype ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; analysis

AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of vincamine sustained release capsules on non- arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy ( NAION) . · METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed with monocular onset NAION in acute stage from January to September 2015 were divided into two groups. Routine treatment such as steroid pulse therapy and neurotrophic treatment were given to all the patients. Vincamine was added to the treatment group patients with 30mg twice a day for 3mo. The best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA), mean deviation ( MD) of visual field, retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) , ganglion cell complex ( GCC ) , pattern visual evoked potential ( PVEP ) and OCT results were analyzed before and after the treatment. ·RESULTS:Totally 42 eyes of 42 patients were enrolled in our study. There were 27 patients in the treatment group, aged from 33 to 79 years old, the average value was 55. 55± 11. 83 years old. The control group has 15 patients, aged from 40 to 70 years old, the average value was 55. 71 ± 10. 06 years old. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in the baseline. After 3mo of the treatment, MD value of the two groups were lower compared with the baseline, the difference was statistically significant in the treatment and control group respectively (t= 2. 342, 2. 692; P = 0. 027, 0. 041). The difference of PVEP amplitude and potential of the two groups before and after the treatment were not statistically significant. The thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer and the ganglion cell complex were all lower than the baseline, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 001). The treatment of the two groups were both effective, the treatment group has better treatment effect than the control group. Adverse events related to the treatment of vincamine had not been found. ·CONCLUSION:Vincamine is helpful in the treatment of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.