ObjectiveTo investigate the genotyping and drug resistance trends of 461 strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated and identified in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2023. MethodsDEC detected in Suzhou in the past 5 years was used as the research subject, and the virulence genotyping was tested by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The microbroth dilution method was used to perform drug susceptibility test, and the corresponding susceptibility (S), intermediate (I) and resistance (R) results were obtained based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, according to the criteria of United States Clinical and Laboratory Standardization Committee (CLSI) 2017. Differences of DEC drug resistance among different virulence genotypes were compared by χ² test or Fisher exact probability method. ResultsA total of 461 DEC strains were detected in Suzhou from 2019 to 2023, of which the highest proportion was enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) accounting for 45.77% (211/461), followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) accounting for 32.32% (149/461) and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) accounting for 20.39% (94/461), while enterohemor-rhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) were individually distributed. The antimicrobial drug with the highest resistance rate was ampicillin (61.61%), followed by cefazolin (49.89%) and nalidixic acid (44.47%). There were statistically significant differences in drug resistence rates of the three major virulence genotypes of DEC (ETEC, EPEC and EAEC) to ampicillin (AMP), ampicillin/sulbactam (AMS), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), cefoxetine (CFX), gentamicin (GEN), streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TET), nalidixic acid (NAL), and chloramphenicol (CHL), and methotrexate/sulfamethoxazole (SXT). The multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate of DEC was 59.87% (276/461), and the MDR rate of each genotype, from high to low, was EIEC (75.00%), EAEC (71.28%), EHEC (66.66%), EPEC (61.74%) and ETEC (52.86%). ConclusionETEC, EPEC and EAEC are the main genotypes prevalent in DEC in Suzhou in recent years. The drug resistance strains and MDR are still serious, which should arouse wide public health concern and take targeted prevention and control measures.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience between structural empowerment and work engagement of clinical nurses.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 1 723 nurses from three Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in Henan Province were selected as the research objects from March to May 2023. The survey was conducted using general information questionnaire, Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-Ⅱ (CWEQ-Ⅱ), Nurses Psychological Resilience Scale and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between structural empowerment, psychological resilience and job engagement. AMOS 24.0 software was used to establish the structural equation model and analyze the mediating effect.Results:A total of 1 723 questionnaires were sent out in this study, and 1 590 were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 92.28%. The total scores of structural empowerment, psychological resilience and job engagement of 1 590 clinical nurses were (70.42±15.61), (96.84±13.15) and (62.24±11.02), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that job engagement was positively correlated with structural empowerment and psychological resilience ( r=0.637, 0.670, P<0.01). The results of structural equation model showed that psychological resilience had a partial mediating effect between structural empowerment and job engagement. The mediating effect value was 0.321, accounting for 48.86% of the total effect. Conclusions:In this study, the structural empowerment, psychological resilience and job engagement of clinical nurses are above the medium level, and psychological resilience has a partial mediating effect between structural empowerment and job engagement. Nursing managers should fully empower nurses at the organizational level, take targeted measures to improve their psychological resilience and enhance their level of work engagement.

Objective To understand the genotyping of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infected hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients in Yunnan Province, and to analyze the differences in viral load, biochemical indicators, and blood routine indicators among different genotypes, in order to provide a laboratory basis for the diagnosis and clinical treatment of HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Methods From November 2022 to June 2023, the serum samples and basic information of patients diagnosed with HIV/HCV co-infection were collected in the antiviral outpatient clinic of Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases. The HCV viral load was detected by one-step qRT-PCR amplification, the positive samples were sequenced, and genotyping was determined based on NS5 gene sequence. The differences in biochemical and blood routine indexes between HIV patients co-infected with different HCV genotypes and low/high viral loads were analyzed. Results A total of 126 HIV/HCV co-infected patients were collected, including 20 HCV genotype 1 (15.9%), 91 HCV genotype 3 (72.2%), and 15 HCV genotype 6 (11.9%). The maximum and minimum viral load of the three HCV genotypes were as follows: HCV type 1 (1.0×108, 4.8×104 IU/mL), HCV type 3 (2.2×108, 2.9×102 IU/mL), and HCV type 6 (8.1×107, 6.8×104 IU/mL). The results showed that there was no significant difference between HIV co-infection with different genotypes of HCV and three HIV treatment schemes, including nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors+integrase strand transfer inhibitors (NRTIs+INSTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors+non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs+NNRTIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors+protease inhibitor (NRTIs+PLs), and the viral load of patients (P>0.05). The analysis of biochemical indexes such as total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CREA), and blood routine indexes such as white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelet (PLT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) among different HCV genotypes and low/high viral loads showed that there was no significant difference in biochemical indexes and blood routine indexes between low/high viral loads of HIV co-infected HCV patients (P>0.05); however, the biochemical indicators TBIL, IBIL and MCHC were significantly different statistically between patients with genotype 3 HCV infection and those with genotype 1 HCV infection (P<0.05), while other biochemical and blood routine indexes were not statistically different among different HCV genotypes (P>0.05). Conclusions There are six subtypes of HCV co-infection in HIV patients in Kunming, Yunnan Province, including three genes of genotype 1, 3, and 6. Among them, genotype 3 HCV is the main prevalent genetic virus among HIV co-infected populations. The TBIL, IBIL and MCHC values of HIV patients co-infected with HCV type 3 are different from those infected with HCV type 1.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hypothermia on the endotracheal tube cuff pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass in the pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Methods Forty pedi-atric patients of both sexes, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ, aged 1 months-14 yr, weighing 3-58 kg, scheduled for elective surgery for congenital heart disease using cardiop-ulmonary bypass, were included in this study. All the pediatric patients were intubated with a cuffed endo-tracheal tube. After anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation, the air was injected into the cuff to make the cuff pressure reach 20 cm H2 O ( baseline) . The endotracheal tube cuff pressure was recorded when the esophageal temperature was reduced to 34, 32, 30, 28 and below 28℃ and returned to 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36 ℃. Results The cuff pressure was significantly decreased when the esophageal temperature was reduced to 30 and 28 ℃ and below 28 ℃ and returned to 28, 30, 32 and 34 ℃ as compared with the baseline ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion Hypothermia can reduce the endotracheal tube cuff pressure during car-diopulmonary bypass, and it is recommended to routinely monitor the cuff pressure in the pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.

Objective To evaluate the effect of injecting alkalinized lidocaine into the tracheal tube cuff on the responses to extubation in pediatric patients.Methods One hundred and twenty-six pediatric patients,aged 3-13 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia requiring oral tracheal intubation,were divided into 3 groups (n =42 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),normal saline group (group NS) and alkalinized lidocaine group (group L).Air was injected into the tracheal tube cuff in group C.Normal saline was injected into the tracheal tube cuff in group NS.Alkalinized lidocaine was injected into the tracheal tube cuff in group L.Cuff pressure was monitored and maintained below 20 cmH2O.The differences in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) and heart rate (ΔHR) immediately after stopping inhalation of anesthetics and immediately after extubation were calculated.The response to extubation was defined as Δ MAP or / HR＞20％ of the baseline value and/or development of moderate and severe bucking and agitation.The development of coughing,hoarseness and sore throat during the period in postanesthesia care unit and the period from being discharged from postanesthesia care unit until 8 h after extubation were recorded.Results Compared with group C and group NS,the incidence of response to extubation and sore throat was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of coughing or hoarseness in group L (P＞0.05).The volume of the alkalized lidocaine solution in the cuff was (4.2±2.3) ml[(60±33) mg] in group L.No cuffdamage was found in three groups.Conclusion Injecting alkalinized lidocaine into the tracheal tube cuff can safely and effectively inhibit responses to extubation and is helpful in improving outcomes in pediatric patients.

OBJECTIVE: To construct an universal recombinate adeno-associated virus (AAV), rAAV-NT4-ADNF-9, and to detect the ability of transfection of the rAAV vector into cochlea in vitro. METHOD: pSSVHG-CMV-ADNF-9 plasmid was introduced into 293 cell by method of Ca3 (PO4)2 using three plasmids of pSSHG-CMV-NT4-ADNF-9, pFG140 and pAAV/Ad. The recombinate adeno-associated virus (rAAV) was harvested, and the titrations of the rAAV concentrated was detected by dot-blot test. Isolate and culture the cochlear hair cell of SD rats newly born in vitro. The rAAV-NT4-ADNF-9 was added to the medium while plating. Cochlear were collected 24 h after cultivation for RT-PCR to detect the transfection of rAAV-NT4-ADNF-9. RESULT: The titration of rAAV stock produced 2 x 10(16) total particles/L, which showed that rAAV-NT4-ADNF-9 was constructed successfully. The cochlear hair cell of SD rats newly born was isolated and cultured in vitro successfully. It certified that rAAV-NT4-ADNF-9 was able to transfect into cochlear and express secretory NT4-ADNF-9 peptide by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION The rAAV vector constructed in this paper, rAAV-NT4-ADNF-9, can transfer into cochlear cultured in vitro, which layed a foundation of further research for gene therapy.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cochlea ; cytology ; Dependovirus ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; cytology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transfection

The effects of tetrandrine and neferine on the phenylephrine-induced contractions were studied in Sprague-Dawley rat aortic rings. It was found that both tetrandrine and neferine ( 2?10-5 mol/L ) markedly inhibited phase I ( release of intracellular calcium) and phase II (entry of extracellular calcium) contractions after a 20 min incubation. After a shorter incubation period, tetrandrine and nefrine inhibited only the phase II contractions. Compared with tetrandrine, neferine exhibited slower and weaker effects

A new positive inotropic agent, sulmazole (base or HC1, l mg/kg i.v) increased dp/dtmax and LVSP significantly in anesthetized open chest cats (Ac) and acute heart failure cats (Fc).HR was increased minimally. The dp/dtmax values were increased by 7% (base, Ac), 13% (HC1, Ac), and 45% (base, Fc) respectively. In addition, sulmazole decreased LVEDP, and increased CO and MAP in Fc, while it lowered MAP in a dose-dependent manner (Ac).The lowest doses of sulmazole induced arrhythmia were 10 mg/kg i.v (Ac), and 20 mg/kg i.v (Fc), and the arrhythmia was reversible. When the dose was increased to 30mg/ kg i.v (base), severe arrhythmia could be produced in most cats.The ratio between toxic dose and effective dose was 10-30.Ouabain, 30 ?g/kg i.v, increased dp/dtmax, LVSP and MAP, and decreased HR significantly i Ac. Ouabain, 60 ?g/kg i.v, produced severe irreversible arrhythmia and most cats died (n = 6/8). The ratio between toxic and effective dose was less than 2.

The effects of tetrandrine (Tet) on blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA) and the contractility of the papillary mascle and portal vein were studied in rats. After 4 d administration of Tet 30 mg/kg, 2/d, ig, blood pressure was decreased markedly in anesthetized male SD rats, but there were no effects on heart rate and PRA. A single dose of Tet 15 mg/kg iv reduced blood pressure and heart rate significantly, while did not change PRA. This single dose produced similar hypotensive effect in rats with and without pretreatment of Tet 30 mg/kg, 2/d, 4d, indicating the absence of tolerance. Tet inhibited the paced papillary muscle contractility and the spontaneous portal vein contractility, and the EC50 were 5.33?10-6mol/L and 4.25?10-5 mol/L, respectively. So the vascular selectivity of Tet is 0.12.