ObjectiveTo systematically review the intervention effect of cognitively engaging physical activity (CEPA) on executive function of children and adolescents. MethodsLiteratures in Chinese and English were retrieved from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, EBSCO and CNKI, from the establishment to November 30th, 2023. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literatures that met the requirements were screened, and their quality was evaluated and systematically reviewed. ResultsA total of 15 literatures were included, published between 2014 and 2023, from eight countries, involving 1 806 subjects aged four to 16 years. The average score of PEDro scale was 6.6. The intensity of the CEPA intervention ranged from 64% to 93% HR_max, the duration of a single session ranged from ten to 60 minutes, and the frequency of the intervention was two to five sessions a week, for four to 24 weeks. Specific forms of CEPA included football, basketball and floorball combined with cognitive tasks; running, jumping, squatting, sitting, spinning and balancing combined with cognitive tasks; and exergaming combined with cognitive tasks. Eleven researches showed positive effects of CEPA intervention on at least one component of executive function. However, six of the seven researches involving working memory failed to verify the positive effects. Twelve researches compared the intervention effects of CEPA and rutine exercise or regular physical education classes, and nine researches found that CEPA was more effective on executive function. ConclusionThe CEPA is effective on the executive function of children and adolescents, specifically on cognitive flexibility; it shows inconsistent effects on inhibitory control, and its effect on working memory has not been verified. The intervention types of CEPA are divided into ball games combined with cognitive tasks, basic motor skills training combined with cognitive tasks, and exergaming combined with cognitive tasks.

Objective: To investigate the attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control among civil servants in smoke-free governments of Ningbo City, so as to provide insights into the construction of smoke-free governments. Methods: Ten governments were randomly sampled from city-level and county/district-level smoke-free governments in Ningbo City using a stratified random sampling method, and 10 civil servants were sampled from each government using a convenient sampling method. Participants' demographics, attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control and second-hand smoke exposure were collected using a self-designed questionnaire and descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 1 100 civil servants were recruited, including 466 men (42.36%) and had a mean age of (39.02±9.38) years. There were 1 005 participants favoring “civil servants should refuse smoking firstly” (91.36%), 1 058 participants favoring “governments should build a smoke-free environment firstly” (96.18%), 1 075 participants favoring “smoking should be completely banned in any indoor public places” (97.73%), 913 participants thinking that smoking should be completely banned in any indoor public places (83.00%) and 813 participants thinking that tobacco control regulations are implemented satisfactorily in their workplaces (73.91%). The overall prevalence of current smoking was 11.91% among participants, and the prevalence of current smoking was 28.11% among male participants. Among all current smokers, 84 attempted to quit smoking (64.12%), and 89 had willingness or plans to quit smoking (67.94%). The proportion of second-hand smoke exposure in workplaces was 40.97% among non-smokers in the past one week. Conclusions The civil servants in Ningbo City has correct awareness of smoke-free governments, active attitudes towards tobacco control and low prevalence of smoking. However, smoke-free regulations remain to be improved and long-term tobacco control mechanisms remain to be created in governments in Ningbo City

ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacodynamic characteristics and explore the molecular mechanism of Honghua oral liquid （HOL） in relieving neuropathic pain （NP）. MethodHealthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into sham group， model group， low-， medium-， high-dose （0.5， 1.0， 2.0 mL·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively） HOL groups， and a positive drug （pregabalin， 25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， with 6 rats in each group. Spinal nerve ligation （SNL） of L5 was conducted in other groups except the sham group. Drug administration was performed 3 days after the SNL surgery for 2 consecutive weeks， and samples were collected after the end of the administration. During the treatment period， the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold were determined to measure the pain-relieving effect of HOL. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on hippocampal tissue samples from the sham， model， and high-dose HOL groups， and differentially expressed genes between the sham group and the model group as well as the model group and HOL high-dose group were obtained. After pathway enrichment analysis， we selected the targets which were closely related to neuroinflammation for validation， and predicted the specific binding sites of the major active components in HOL with the targets through molecular docking. In addition， the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） to evaluate the effect of HOL on neuroinflammation in NP rats. ResultCompared with the sham group， SNL decreased the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， HOL recovered the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold （P<0.05）. The transcriptome data showed that 376 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified between the model group and the sham group， including 124 upregulated genes and 252 downregulated genes， and 194 DEGs between the model group and the high-dose HOL group， including 33 upregulated genes and 161 downregulated genes. Among them， insulin-like growth factor 1（IGF1）， matrix metallopeptidase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metallopeptidase-14 （MMP-14）， erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 （ERBB2）， and integrin subunit alpha 5 （ITGA5） associated with NP were selected for further validation. The Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） results showed that compared with the sham group， the modeling up-gurelated the mRNA levels of the above five molecules in the hippocampus （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， HOL down-regulated the mRNA levels of these molecules （P<0.01）. The molecular docking results showed that the main active components of safflower， hydroxysafflor yellow A， kaempferol， and quercetin， formed stable hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues of IGF1， MMP-2， MMP-14， ERBB2， and ITGA5. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） results showed that compared with those in the sham group， the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were out of balance in the model rats （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， HOL lowered the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α （P<0.01） and elevated that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 （P<0.05）. ConclusionHOL exerts analgesic effect on SNL rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation.

Objective: To investigate the e-cigarette use and its influencing factors among middle school students in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into e-cigarette control among adolescents. Methods: Students of junior high schools, high schools and vocational high schools in Ningbo City were sampled using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from September to October 2021. Students' general information, cigarette and e-cigarette use and e-cigarette advertising exposure were collected using 2021 China Youth Tobacco Survey Questionnaire, and proportions of e-cigarette current use and attempt to use were analyzed. Factors affecting the attempt to use e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 591 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 574 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 98.93%. The respondents included 863 males (54.83%) and 711 females (45.17%); 787 junior high school students (50.00%), 535 high school students (33.99%) and 252 vocational high school students (16.01%). The proportion of current e-cigarette use was 1.91% and the proportion of attempt to use e-cigarettes was 6.61%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified males (OR=2.544, 95%CI: 1.438-4.501), living in rural areas (OR=2.084, 95%CI: 1.195-3.634), having close friends who were smokers (OR=4.828, 95%CI: 2.936-7.940), witnessing teachers smoking at school (OR=2.766, 95%CI: 1.642-4.659), e-cigarette advertising exposure (OR=2.155, 95%CI: 1.315-3.532), current cigarette use (OR=9.365, 95%CI: 2.610-33.603) and attempt to use cigarettes (OR=7.519, 95%CI: 4.115-13.737) as promoting factors for the attempt to use e-cigarette. Conclusions There are e-cigarette use behaviors among middle school students in Ningbo City. Having teachers or close friends who were smokers, cigarette use behaviors and e-cigarette advertising exposure may increase the risk of attempt to use e-cigarettes among middle school students.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of smoking among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021, so as to provide the scientific evidence for improving the tobacco control policy and evaluating the effectiveness of the tobacco control policy. Methods: The permanent residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were recruited from 10 counties ( districts ) in Ningbo City using the stratified multistage random sampling method from 2018 to 2021, and subjects' demographic features, smoking and secondhand smoke exposure were collected using the National Questionnaire for Surveillance on Healthy Literacy and Tobacco Epidemic in Chinese Residents. All data were standardized to the Sixth National Population Census in 2010. The prevalence of smoking, smoking cessation and exposure to secondhand smoke and the trends for the prevalence were estimated among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021. Results: A total of 6 581, 6 340, 6 380 and 6 400 valid questionnaires were recovered from 2018 to 2021, and the effective recovery rates were 99.20%, 97.46%, 97.76% and 98.02%, respectively. The respondents had male to female ratios of 1∶1.05, 1∶1.07, 1∶1.05 and 1∶1.14, and had urban-rural population ratios of 1∶0.75, 1∶0.62, 1∶0.60 and 1∶0.78 from 2018 to 2021, respectively. The prevalence of current smoking was 21.99%, 21.42%, 22.07% and 20.30%, and the standardized prevalence was 22.03%, 20.12%, 21.33% and 19.38% from 2018 to 2021, respectively, appearing no significant changing trend ( χ2trend=3.751, P=0.053 ). The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among rural residents than among urban residents, and higher in men than in women ( all P<0.05 ). The prevalence of smoking cessation was 24.44%, 27.11%, 26.97% and 29.59%, and the standardized prevalence was 21.96%, 26.90%, 24.92% and 28.38% from 2018 to 2021, appearing a tendency towards a rise ( χ2rend=11.193, P=0.001 ). The prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke was 52.40%, 50.18%, 48.99% and 44.58%, and the standardized prevalence was 54.08%, 51.45%, 49.95% and 46.76% from 2018 to 2021, showing a tendency towards a decline ( χ2rend=62.094, P<0.001 ) . Conclusions The prevalence of current smoking was approximately 20% among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021, with a tendency towards a decline in the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke and a tendency towards a rise in the prevalence of smoking cessation. Rural male residents are key targets for tobacco control.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of intention to smoke and current smoking and identify its influencing factors among middle school students in Ningbo City, so as to provide insights into the development and implementation of tobacco control among adolescents. Methods: The epidemiological data of tobacco use among adolescents in Ningbo City in 2021 were collected, including demographics, tobacco use, parents' and close friends' smoking status, secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco advertisement exposure. The intention to smoke, current smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco advertisement exposure were descriptively analyzed among middle school students, and the factors affecting intention to smoke, current smoking were identified using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Totally 1 591 questionnaires were allocated to middle school students, and 1 574 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.93%. The respondents included 787 junior high school students, 535 high school students and 252 vocational high school students, and the prevalence was intention to smoke and current smoking was 6.73% and 1.78% among the respondents, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified boys (OR=2.398, 95%CI: 1.466-3.922), high school students (OR=2.051, 95%CI: 1.212-3.470), vocational high school students (OR=2.011, 95%CI: 1.108-3.650), more than 100 yuan disposable pocket money per week (OR=2.534, 95%CI: 1.301-4.935) and close friends' smoking (OR=4.310, 95% CI: 2.755-6.757) as risk factors of intention to smoke, and boys (OR=12.420, 95%CI: 1.645-93.753), close friends' smoking (OR=11.628, 95%CI: 4.348-31.250) and parents' smoking (OR=2.667, 95%CI: 1.029-6.897) as risk factors of current smoking among middle school students. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco advertisement exposure was 76.43% and 51.65%, and television/video/cinema was the most likely route of tobacco advertisement exposure (42.06%). Conclusions The prevalence of intention to smoke and current smoking is low among middle school students in Ningbo City; however, the proportions of exposure to secondhand smoke and tobacco advertisement are relatively high. Tobacco control interventions are recommended to be intensified targeting high-risk populations, such as vocational high school students.

Objective:To establish an intelligent management system and explore its application in the management of high-value consumables in Interventional Operating Room.Methods:Supply and processing and distribution (SPD) combined with the intelligent management system was applied in the Intervention Center at Ningbo First Hospital of Zhejiang Province in October 2019. High-value consumables managed with traditional information management between October 2018 and September 2019 were included into the control group, while those managed with SPD combined with the intelligent management system from October 2019 to September 2020 were included into the observation group. The high-value consumable system and inventory compliance rate, average daily inspection time, average daily claim time, timely supply of consumables, return rate of unused consumables, and nurse satisfaction under the two different management modes were compared.Results:The coincidence rates of the high-value consumable system inventory and actual inventory in the observation group and the control group were 98.26% (226/230) and 85.21% (196/230) , respectively; the average daily inspection time, (67.44±1.42) min in the observation group was less than (108.00±2.51) min in the control group, and the average daily claim time, (53.41±5.24) min was less than (118.22±4.68) min in the control group; the total rate of untimely supply of consumables and unreturned unused consumables in the observation and control groups were 3.46% (138/3 986) and 20.86% (881/4 224) , respectively; and the satisfaction of nurses in the two groups were 93.75% (135/144) and 63.89% (92/144) . The differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The construction and application of the intelligent consumable management system can effectively improve the standardization and refinement of the management of high-value consumables in the Interventional Operating Room, and reduce the operating cost of the department.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the two methods of propaganda and education, conventional training method and that combined with hand contamination survey method, on the medical and nursing staffs' hand hygiene compliance. Methods From October 2017 to April 2018, all medical and nursing staffs in 6 Departments:General Surgery Ⅰ, General Surgery Ⅱ, Orthopedics Ⅰ, Orthopedics Ⅱ, Internal Medicine Ⅰ and Internal Medicine Ⅲin Cangnan Second People's Hospital receiving health education were divided into two groups; both groups received routine training, while in the observation group, on the basis of routine training, the hand hygiene pollution investigation training mode was added, In the combined training method, when the wrong hand hygiene mode occurred, the hand specimens were collected and the correct hand washing method was instructed on the spot, and then the following hand specimens were taken to investigate the contaminated condition. One month before the training, the real situations of hand hygiene compliance in the two groups were investigated. In the 1st month after the beginning of training, both groups were cultivated by conventional propaganda and training methods. From the second month to the sixth month, the observation group was additionally trained to investigate hand hygiene pollution situation on the basis of conventional propaganda and training methods. After 6 months, the compliance rates of hand hygiene in the two groups were observed. Results Before training, there was no significant differences in the compliance rate of hand hygiene in the observation group and the routine trainning group [37.14% (52/140) vs. 36.36% (48/132), P > 0.05]. The compliance rates of hand hygiene after 1, 2, 3 months of training in the observation group were 56.61% (77/136), 60.61% (80/132) and 61.20% (82/134), respectively, and those in the routine trainning group were 56.25% (72/128), 59.26% (80/135) and 58.70% (81/138), which were all significantly higher than those before the training (all P < 0.05), but there were no statistical significant differences between the two groups (all P > 0.05). From the 4th month to the 6th month after training, the compliance rates of hand hygiene in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the observation group [61.97% (88/142) vs. 49.23% (64/130), 62.50% (80/128) vs. 47.73% (63/132), 62.31% (81/130) vs. 46.03% (58/126)], the differences between the two groups being statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The routine training combined with hand contamination investigation survey training for consecutive 3 months can nicely promote the improvement of hand hygiene compliance of medical and nursing staffs.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacies between warm needling and Ibuprofen sustained release capsules (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID) in treating patients with dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis. MethodSixty-five patients with dysmenorrhea induced by adenomyosis were randomized into a treatment group of 33 cases and a control group of 32 cases. The control group was intervened by oral administration of Ibuprofen sustained release capsules, while the treatment group was intervened by warm needling.The intervention lasted 3 menstrual cycles and a 3-month follow-up was studied. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), dysmenorrhea symptoms scores and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.ResultThe VAS scores after the intervention and inthe first and second months of the follow-up study were significantly different from the pre-treatment score in the two groups (P<0.01); the VAS score of the 3-month follow-up was significantly different from the score before the intervention in the treatment group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in comparing the VAS score after the intervention and in the follow-up study between the two groups (P<0.01), and the treatment group was superior to the control group. The dysmenorrhea symptoms scoresdeclined significantly after the intervention and in the first and second months of the follow-up study in both groups (P<0.01); the dysmenorrhea symptoms score of the 3-month follow-up study decreased in the treatment group and was significantly different from the pre-treatment score (P<0.01). There were significant differences in comparing the dysmenorrhea symptoms scores in the second and third months of the follow-up study between the two groups (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 93.9% in the treatment group, significantly better than 62.5% in the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionWarm needling is effective in easing pain and improving the symptoms of dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis, and can produce a consistent efficacy after the termination of thetreatment; it's superior to NSAIDs in comparing both short-term and long-term treatment efficacies.

Objective To explore the influence of lower concentration of cell free fetal fraction DNA in maternal plasma on non-invasive prenatal test(NIPT) .Methods A total of 3240 pregnant women accepted NIPT in Foshan Maternal and Children′s Hos-pital from April ,2015 to March ,2016 were analyzed retrospectively ,and 150 samples of which were male fetus judged by Z score of Y chromosome and the cell free fetal fraction DNA were lower than 8% were selected .The cell free fetal fraction DNA were in-creased by agarose gel electrophoresis ,then conducted NIPT ,compared with the results of aneuploidy screening .Results The cell free fetal fraction DNA were increased from 5% to 9 .2% by agarose gel electrophoresis .The result of NIPT after increasing fetal fraction was consistent with it before .Conclusion Concentration of cell free fetal fraction DNA has no influence on the result of NIPT when cell free fetal fraction DNA is above 5% .