【Objective】 To observe the effects of mirror neuron system theory(MNST) on hand dexterity and fine motor function in preschool children with developmental coordination disorder(DCD), so as to provide reference for the rehabilitation of children with DCD. 【Methods】 A total of 51 children with DCD treated at Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from June 2021 to April 2023 were enrolled in this study, and were randomly assigned to treatment group (n=26) and control group (n=25) except for 5 cases who missed in the follow-up. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation training, while the treatment group received MNST additionally. The hand dexterity and fine motor function of both groups were assessed using the hand dexterity subscale of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2), Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Fine Motor (PDMS-FM), and Function Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) before and after 12 weeks of treatment. 【Results】 Before treatment, there were no significant differences in hand dexterity subscale of MABC-2, PDMS-FM, and WeeFIM scores between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, both groups showed improvements in hand dexterity subscale of MABC-2, PDMS-FM, and WeeFIM scores (treatment group: t=35.620, 42.084, 40.072; control group: t=14.000, 12.017, 14.054, P<0.001), with the treatment group showing significantly greater improvements compared to the control group (t=2.611, 3.120, 2.331, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 MNST combined with conventional rehabilitation training can enhance hand dexterity and fine motor function in children with DCD, thereby improving children′s activities of daily living.

Objective:To observe the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS)matched with re-habilitation training on upper limb function in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Method:A total of 50 children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into treatment group(n=25)and control group(n=25).The treatment group received conventional rehabilitation training com-bined with taVNS,while the control group received conventional rehabilitation training combined with sham-taVNS.The upper limb flexor muscle tension and upper limb function of the two groups were analyzed by the modified Ashworth scale(MAS),Carroll Upper Extremities Functional Test(UEFT),Peabody Developmen-tal Motor Scales-Fine Motor(PDMS-FM)and Function Independence Measure for Children(WeeFIM)before and after 12 weeks of treatment respectively.In addition,any adverse reactions that occurred during the treat-ment process was closely monitored and recorded. Result:A total of 5 subjects dropped out,including 3 subjects in the treatment group and 2 subjects in the control group.After treatment,there was no significant difference in MAS classification of hemiplegic side in the two groups(P＞0.05),and there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group(P=0.065).However,both groups showed significant improvements in UEFT score,PDMS-FM and WeeFIM scores compared to before treatment(P＜0.05),with the treatment group scoring better than the con-trol group(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Conventional rehabilitation training combined with taVNS can effectively improve the affected up-per limb motor function in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy,without significant adverse effects.

ObjectiveTo apply pneumatic hand rehabilitation equipment in comprehensive rehabilitation training to improve hand function in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. MethodsFrom Januray, 2020 to September, 2021, 58 children with spastic hemiplegia cerebral palsy in Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University were randomly divided into control group (n = 29) and experimental group (n = 29). Both groups accepted comprehensive rehabilitation training, while the experimental group accepted pneumatic hand rehabilitation equipment training in addition, for six months. They were assessed with Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Fine Motor (PDMS-FM), Fine Motor Function Measurement (FMFM) and Wee-Function Independence Measure (Wee-FIM) before and after training. ResultsThe scores of PDMS-FM, FMFM and Wee-FIM improved in both groups after training (|t| > 16.310, P < 0.001), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 2.795, P < 0.01). ConclusionApplication of pneumatic hand rehabilitation equipment in comprehensive rehabilitation training can effectively promote the recovery of hand function for children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

Sepsis is characterized by a severe and life-threatening host immune response to polymicrobial infection accompanied by organ dysfunction.Studies on the therapeutic effect and mechanism of immunomod-ulatory drugs on the sepsis-induced hyperinflammatory or immunosuppression states of various im-mune cells remain limited.This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of artesunate(ART)on the splenic microenvironment of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model mice using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and experimental validations.The scRNA-seq analysis revealed that ART inhibited the activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages recruited during sepsis.ART could restore neutrophils'chemotaxis and immune function in the septic spleen.It inhibited the activation of T regulatory cells but promoted the cytotoxic function of natural killer cells during sepsis.ART also promoted the differentiation and activity of splenic B cells in mice with sepsis.These results indicated that ART could alleviate the inflammatory and/or immunosuppressive states of various immune cells involved in sepsis to balance the immune homeostasis within the host.Overall,this study provided a comprehensive investigation of the regulatory effect of ART on the splenic microenvironment in sepsis,thus contributing to the application of ART as adjunctive therapy for the clinical treatment of sepsis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacodynamic characteristics and explore the molecular mechanism of Honghua oral liquid （HOL） in relieving neuropathic pain （NP）. MethodHealthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into sham group， model group， low-， medium-， high-dose （0.5， 1.0， 2.0 mL·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively） HOL groups， and a positive drug （pregabalin， 25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， with 6 rats in each group. Spinal nerve ligation （SNL） of L5 was conducted in other groups except the sham group. Drug administration was performed 3 days after the SNL surgery for 2 consecutive weeks， and samples were collected after the end of the administration. During the treatment period， the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold were determined to measure the pain-relieving effect of HOL. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on hippocampal tissue samples from the sham， model， and high-dose HOL groups， and differentially expressed genes between the sham group and the model group as well as the model group and HOL high-dose group were obtained. After pathway enrichment analysis， we selected the targets which were closely related to neuroinflammation for validation， and predicted the specific binding sites of the major active components in HOL with the targets through molecular docking. In addition， the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） to evaluate the effect of HOL on neuroinflammation in NP rats. ResultCompared with the sham group， SNL decreased the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， HOL recovered the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold （P<0.05）. The transcriptome data showed that 376 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified between the model group and the sham group， including 124 upregulated genes and 252 downregulated genes， and 194 DEGs between the model group and the high-dose HOL group， including 33 upregulated genes and 161 downregulated genes. Among them， insulin-like growth factor 1（IGF1）， matrix metallopeptidase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metallopeptidase-14 （MMP-14）， erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 （ERBB2）， and integrin subunit alpha 5 （ITGA5） associated with NP were selected for further validation. The Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） results showed that compared with the sham group， the modeling up-gurelated the mRNA levels of the above five molecules in the hippocampus （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， HOL down-regulated the mRNA levels of these molecules （P<0.01）. The molecular docking results showed that the main active components of safflower， hydroxysafflor yellow A， kaempferol， and quercetin， formed stable hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues of IGF1， MMP-2， MMP-14， ERBB2， and ITGA5. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） results showed that compared with those in the sham group， the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were out of balance in the model rats （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， HOL lowered the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α （P<0.01） and elevated that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 （P<0.05）. ConclusionHOL exerts analgesic effect on SNL rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation.

Objective: To explore the impact of maternal anxiety during pregnancy on social emotional development of toddlers aged 1-3 year old, so as to provide references for scientific early parenting and early intervention for toddlers with social emotional difficulties. Methods: From September 2022 to March 2023, a total of 815 toddlers aged 1-3 who underwent physical examinations and their mothers at Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were enrolled. The Chinese Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA) was used to evaluate the social emotional ability among toddlers. Maternal anxiety evaluated using the Self rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) during prenatal visit was collected. Results: The average scores on the externalizing, internalizing, dysregulation and competence domains of the CITSEA were (49.40±9.48,47.42±9.60,48.67± 10.15 , 50.07± 10.20), respectively. Among boys, the score of externalizing domain (50.89±9.45) was higher than that of girls (48.76± 9.50 ), while the score of competence domain (49.22±10.30) was lower than that of girls (51.17±9.84), and the differences were statistically significant( t =2.10, -3.03, P <0.05). The detection rates of abnormalities in the externalizing, internalizing, dysregulation, and competence domains were 7.36%, 7.12%, 7.61%, and 7.24%, respectively. Among them, boys (8.43%,6.32%, 7.96 %,7.49%) and girls (6.19%, 7.99 %,7.22%,6.96%) showed no statistical differences ( χ 2=1.50, 0.85, 0.16, 0.09, P >0.05). There were significant differences in externalizing domain scores（47.77±9.52，49.56±8.95，52.51±9.77） and competence domain scores（51.70±10.38，49.65±10.05，46.68±10.03） among toddlers of different maternal anxiety（normal, mild, moderate to severe） （ F =7.05,7.10, P <0.01）. There were significant differences in the abnormal detection rate of externalizing domain （4.81%，7.54%，11.17%） and competence domain（4.81%，6.96%，11.73%）（ χ 2=6.60，7.98， P ＜0.05）. Conclusion Maternal anxiety during pregnancy has a negative impact on the social emotional development among toddlers. In order to improve social emotional development of toddlers, multidimensional social support and education during pregnancy should be carried out.

Objective:To observe the effect of speech training based on mirror neuron theory on children with functional articulation disorder (FAD).Methods:Fifty children with FAD were randomly divided into a training group and a control group, each of 25. Both groups received 30 minutes of conventional speech training 5 times a week for 24 weeks, while the training group was additionally given 20 minutes of speech training based on mirror neuron theory simultaneously. Before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the articulation speech ability assessment scale and the oral motor ability assessment scale.Results:Before the treatment, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in any of the measurements. After the treatment, significant improvement was observed in all of the measurements for both groups, but at that point the training group′s articulation, motor ability of the lower jaw, tongue and lips were all significantly superior to the control group′s averages.Conclusions:Speech training based on mirror neuron theory can significantly improve the articulation, intelligibility and oral motor functioning of children with functional articulation disorder.

Objective: To understand sensory characteristics and its correlation with behavioral problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), so as to provide reference basis for early diagnosis and comprehensive intervention of ASD children. Methods: Using cross sectional survey, 193 ASD children trained by Nantong rehabilitation institutions were recruited from September 2021 to February 2022. All children were investigated with the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) and Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). Results: Among the 193 ASD children, 106 (54.9%) children had abnormal sensory characteristics, including 45 (23.3%) with possible abnormalities and 61 (31.6%) with obvious abnormalities. The abnormal rate of auditory filtering was the highest in the seven dimensions, reaching 85.0%, followed by low strength/weakness, motor sensitivity, taste/smell sensitivity, low response/seeking sensation, vision/hearing sensitivity and tactile sensitivity. The total incidence of sensory abnormalities was 93.3%. There were significant differences in six dimensions of PSQ scale scores of ASD children with different degrees of sensory abnormalities, including conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic disorders, impulsive hyperactivity, anxiety and hyperactivity index ( H =38.89, 38.90, 19.53, 46.34, 34.54, 54.90, P <0.01). With the aggravation of sensory abnormalities in children with ASD, the scores of all dimensions of the PSQ scale increased significantly. The total score of SSP was negatively correlated with the six dimensions of conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic disorders, impulsive hyperactivity, anxiety and hyperactivity index in PSQ ( r =-0.53, -0.50, -0.32, -0.55, -0.43, -0.61, P <0.01). Conclusion ASD children generally have sensory abnormalities, which coincide with severity of behavioral problems. There is a positive correlation between sensory abnormalities and behavioral problems in ASD children. More attention should be paid to the abnormal sensory characteristics of children with ASD in the future diagnosis and treatment process.

Tongue diagnosis is one of the diagnostic methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), but its development has always been restricted by the lack of objective quantitative indicators. With the rapid development of computer technology and the advent of the algorithm era, the modernization of TCM tongue diagnosis has gradually become a hot research spot. This paper annalyses the literature and related patents of the modernization of tongue diagnosis and summarizes the R&D progress and application of tongue diagnosis as well as related instruments. It is found that domestic and foreign scholars focus on tongue diagnosis related research and attach importance to the formulation of relevant international standards. Tongue collection and analysis technology continues to develop; tongue diagnostic instruments are also gradually enriched. At present, their applications are extended to family self-use, but they are still mainly used in teaching, scientific research and other fields, involving the clinical efficacy evaluation of TCM, clinical case classification and health management, and there is still much room for development. In the future, we should strengthen the communication between multi-regional research centers, promote the communication among talents in different fields, constantly make up for the deficiencies and promote the development of tongue diagnosis research.

Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)are essential drivers of fibrogenesis.Inducing activated-HSC apoptosis is a promising strategy for treating hepatic fibrosis.18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GA)is a natural com-pound that exists widely in herbal medicines,such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,which is used for treating multiple liver diseases,especially in Asia.In the present study,we demonstrated that 18β-GA decreased hepatic fibrosis by inducing the apoptosis in activated HSCs.18β-GA inhibited the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type Ⅰ alpha-1.Using a chemoproteomic approach derived from activity-based protein profiling,together with cellular thermal shift assay and surface plasmon reso-nance,we found that 18β-GA covalently targeted peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1)and peroxiredoxin 2(PRDX2)proteins via binding to active cysteine residues and thereby inhibited their enzymatic activities.18β-GA induced the elevation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),resulting in the apoptosis of activated HSCs.PRDX1 knockdown also led to ROS-mediated apoptosis in activated HSCs.Collectively,our findings revealed the target proteins and molecular mechanisms of 18β-GA in ameliorating hepatic fibrosis,highlighting the future development of 18β-GA as a novel therapeutic drug for hepatic fibrosis.