Objective:To understand the composition of respiratory virus spectrum in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Guilin City from 2021 to 2022, and to explore the epidemic characteristics of different respiratory viruses.Methods:Information of a total of 638 hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) syndrome under the age of 14 years in Guilin city, Guangxi from September 2021 to October 2022 was collected as research data. The collected pharyngeal swabs from pediatric patients were subjected to real-time fluorescence reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for nucleic acid testing, screening for 15 common respiratory viruses, and analyzing the virus spectrum characteristics of hospitalized pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections.Results:Among the 638 specimens, 365 were tested positive for at least one virus, with a positive rate of 57.21% (365/638). The detection rate for two or more viruses was 12.85% (82/638). There were 12 types of viruses detected, and the difference in virus detection rates among different seasons was statistically significant (P<0.002). The virus positive detection rate of samples from different age groups was the highest in the 0-2-year old group (40.66%), followed by the 3-5-year old group (34.80%) and the 6-year and older group (24.54%).Conclusions:During the period from September 2021 to October 2022, all 12 respiratory viruses were prevalent in Guilin area, with obvious summer peak as characteristics. It is suggested that corresponding prevention and control measures should be focused on pathogens that may cause acute respiratory infections in children during the local summer to prevent and control the spread and prevalence of respiratory infections.

Objective:To understand the prevalence and characteristics of Rhinovirus (HRV) infection in influenza-like Illness (ILIs) patients in Mianyang, Sichuan province, China.Methods:Throat swabs were collected from patients of ILIs in sentinel hospitals in Mianyang during 2021—2022. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect 16 common pathogens. The VP4/VP2 coding region genes of HRV positive samples were amplified by nest PCR. The phylogeny, consistency and amino acid variation of different serotypes were analyzed and compared with reference sequences from GenBank database.Results:A total of 332 ILIs′ samples were collected with a virus detection rate of 58.73% (195/332) in Mianyang. Among them, 23 samples (23/332) were HRV-positive, and 18 VP4/VP2 sequences of HRV strains were successfully amplified. It was found that 13 HRV serotypes were detected in ILIs samples in Mianyang, which belonged to three genotypes, namely HRV-A (12 strains), HRV-B (5 strains) and HRV-C (1 strain).Conclusions:HRV was one of the pathogens of ILIs cases in Mianyang during 2021—2022, with HRV-A types as the dominant strains.

Objective:To analyze the association of respiratory syncytial virus infection with meteorological factors and to predict and explain the trends.Methods:Data of cases with severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Xuzhou City were collected from 2015-2021. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. The result were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software, including constructing a negative binomial regression model to explore meteorological factors that impact RSV detection and a multivariate time series model to predict its epidemiological trend from 2020 to 2021.Results:A total of 1 663 samples of children with severe acute respiratory infections were collected from 2015to 2021, of which 218 (13.1%) were positive for RSV. Seasonal effects on RSV detection were evident: there was a 1-year cycle with a peak in winter (December-February) and a trough in summer (June-August). The negative binomial regression analysis showed that monthly mean temperature, monthly mean relative humidity, and monthly total sunshine hours may influenced RSV detection. The prediction result of the time series model with sunshine hours as the covariate showed that the prediction was better for 2020, and the actual values were close to the predicted values. The expected trends in 2021 were consistent, but the actual values were higher than predicted.Conclusions:Monthly mean temperature, monthly mean relative humidity, and monthly total sunshine hours may influence RSV detection in the Xuzhou region.A prediction model can be built using data from 2015-2019, where deviations in the predicted values for 2021, reflecting that disease prevalence is multifactorial correlated, suggest a possible rise in RSV prevalence in the future.

In August 2023, the National Health Science and Education Commission of the National Health Commission issued Notice No.24[2023], officially releasing the " Catalogue of Pathogenic Microorganisms Transmitted to Human Beings". This is to better implement the relevant regulations of the Biosafety Law of the People′s Republic of China and the Biosafety Management Regulations for Pathogenic Microbial Laboratories. With the continuous emergence of new pathogenic microorganisms, updated understanding of existing pathogenic microorganisms, and deepening laboratory biosafety research, the original " List of Pathogenic Microorganisms Transmitted from Human Beings" cannot meet the needs, so the " Catalogue of Pathogenic Microorganisms Transmitted from Human Beings" has been issued. This article aims to provide a detailed interpretation of the virus section of the Catalogue, including its background, principles, processes, and main content, in order to facilitate a better understanding of the Catalogue.

Objective:To explore the application effect of scenario simulation training based on forgetting curve in urology robot surgery specialist nurses.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 44 robot surgery specialized nurses from the Urology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from December 2019 to December 2021 were selected for scenario simulation training based on forgetting curve. Before and after the intervention, the scores of specialized knowledge examination, scores of various nursing operations and the comprehensive quality and ability of nurses were compared.Results:After intervention, the scores of specialized knowledge examination, nursing operation scores and comprehensive quality scores of nurses were higher than those before intervention, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of scenario simulation training based on forgetting curve in urological robot nurses can improve the level of specialized knowledge of nurses, master nursing operations, and improve their comprehensive quality.

Objective : To investigate the effect and mechanism of prenatal hypoxia on pulmonary artery vascular function in adult male offspring. Methods : Sprague⁃Dawley pregnant rats were randomly divided into hypoxia group and control group. Pregnant rats in the hypoxia group were housed in the hypoxia chamber ( a mixture of 89. 5% nitrogen gas and 10. 5% oxygen) from gestational day 10th to 20th. Pregnant rats in the control group were fed under normal oxygen. All animals were fed with standard rat food and tap water, and allowed to give birth naturally. After weaning , the male offspring were raised to 4 months old. Male offspring rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate , and pulmonary artery was isolated for vascular function and molecular experiments. Results : Compared with the control group , phenylephrine ( PE) Ⅳ induced contraction response in prenatal hypoxic pulmonary artery was decreased (P < 0. 001) . There was no difference in acetyl choline (ACH) Ⅳand sodium nitrate (SNP) Ⅳinduced diastolic responses between the two groups. Compared with control group , Cav1 . 2 protein (P < 0. 01) and mRNA levels (P < 0. 001) in hypoxia group were reduced. Conclusion Prenatal hypoxia can lead to a decreased PE⁃induced vasoconstriction response in adult male offspring , which is related to the down⁃regulation of Cav1. 2 expression in pulmonary artery.

Objective:To investigate the effect of siRNA targeting inhibition of α-enolase (ENO1) combined with paclitaxel on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma SK-HEP-1 cell and its mechanism.Methods:siRNA-ENO1 (siRNA-ENO1 group) and siRNA-negative control (siRNA-NC group) were transfected into SK-HEP-1 cells in vitro, the untransfected SK-HEP-1 cells were used as the control group, and the transfection effect was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. After SK-HEP-1 cells were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/L paclitaxel for 48 hours, the cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and the semi inhibitory concentration of paclitaxel was calculated. SK-HEP-1 cells transfected with siRNA-ENO1 or siRNA-NC were treated with 10 μg/L paclitaxel as paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group and paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group. The proliferation, clonogenesis, invasion and apoptosis of siRNA-NC group, siRNA-ENO1 group, paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group and paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group were detected by MTT, clonogenesis, Transwell chamber and flow cytometry respectively. The expression levels of the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (p-PI3K), p-protein kinase B (Akt) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and B lymphocytoma-2 gene (Bcl-2) were detected by western blotting. Results:Compared with the control group (1.00±0.00 and 0.69±0.04, respectively), the expression levels of ENO1 mRNA and protein (0.25±0.03 and 0.23±0.02, respectively) in siRNA-ENO1 group decreased significantly ( P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the expression levels of ENO1 mRNA and protein in siRNA-NC group ( P>0.05). Compared without treatment group [(100.00±0.00)%, P<0.05], the survival rates of SK-HEP-1 cells treated with 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/L paclitaxel [(88.65±6.46)%, (72.36±6.08)%, (60.48±4.23)%, (38.52±3.56)% and (20.75±2.32)%, respectively] decreased significantly ( P<0.05), and the semi inhibitory concentration of paclitaxel was 13.26 μg/L. The cell survival rate and clone formation rate of siRNA-ENO1 group [(68.86±5.12)% and (18.12±2.25)%, respectively] were lower than those of siRNA-NC group [(100.00±0.00)% and (29.65±3.06)%, respectively, P<0.05]. The cell survival rate and clone formation rate of the paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group [(43.28±2.64)% and (8.72±0.52)%, respectively] were significantly different from those of the paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group [(61.75±5.06)% and (13.48±2.16)%, respectively, P<0.05] and siRNA-ENO1 groups [(68.86±5.12)% and (18.12±2.25)%, respectively, P<0.05]. Cell invasion number in paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group (23.64±2.12) was lower than that in siRNA-ENO1 group and paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group (42.16±2.75 and 37.35±2.42, respectively, P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group and siRNA-ENO1 group [(17.49±1.35)% and (15.29±1.50)%, respectively] were higher than that of siRNA-NC group [(7.21±0.70)%, P<0.05]. The apoptosis rate in the paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group [(24.59±2.40)%] was higher than those in the paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group and siRNA-ENO1 group [(17.49±1.35)% and (15.29±1.50)%, respectively, P<0.05]. The expression levels of ENO1, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway related proteins including p-PI3K and p-Akt and the expression levels of PCNA, MMP-9 and Bcl-2 in siRNA-ENO1 group and paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group were lower than those in siRNA-NC group ( P<0.05). The expression levels of ENO1, p-PI3K, p-Akt, PCNA, MMP-9 and Bcl-2 in paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group were lower than those in siRNA-ENO1 group or paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:siRNA targeting inhibition of ENO1 expression can enhance the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of SK-HEP-1 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effect of siRNA targeting inhibition of α-enolase (ENO1) combined with paclitaxel on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma SK-HEP-1 cell and its mechanism.Methods:siRNA-ENO1 (siRNA-ENO1 group) and siRNA-negative control (siRNA-NC group) were transfected into SK-HEP-1 cells in vitro, the untransfected SK-HEP-1 cells were used as the control group, and the transfection effect was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. After SK-HEP-1 cells were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/L paclitaxel for 48 hours, the cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and the semi inhibitory concentration of paclitaxel was calculated. SK-HEP-1 cells transfected with siRNA-ENO1 or siRNA-NC were treated with 10 μg/L paclitaxel as paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group and paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group. The proliferation, clonogenesis, invasion and apoptosis of siRNA-NC group, siRNA-ENO1 group, paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group and paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group were detected by MTT, clonogenesis, Transwell chamber and flow cytometry respectively. The expression levels of the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (p-PI3K), p-protein kinase B (Akt) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and B lymphocytoma-2 gene (Bcl-2) were detected by western blotting. Results:Compared with the control group (1.00±0.00 and 0.69±0.04, respectively), the expression levels of ENO1 mRNA and protein (0.25±0.03 and 0.23±0.02, respectively) in siRNA-ENO1 group decreased significantly ( P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the expression levels of ENO1 mRNA and protein in siRNA-NC group ( P>0.05). Compared without treatment group [(100.00±0.00)%, P<0.05], the survival rates of SK-HEP-1 cells treated with 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/L paclitaxel [(88.65±6.46)%, (72.36±6.08)%, (60.48±4.23)%, (38.52±3.56)% and (20.75±2.32)%, respectively] decreased significantly ( P<0.05), and the semi inhibitory concentration of paclitaxel was 13.26 μg/L. The cell survival rate and clone formation rate of siRNA-ENO1 group [(68.86±5.12)% and (18.12±2.25)%, respectively] were lower than those of siRNA-NC group [(100.00±0.00)% and (29.65±3.06)%, respectively, P<0.05]. The cell survival rate and clone formation rate of the paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group [(43.28±2.64)% and (8.72±0.52)%, respectively] were significantly different from those of the paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group [(61.75±5.06)% and (13.48±2.16)%, respectively, P<0.05] and siRNA-ENO1 groups [(68.86±5.12)% and (18.12±2.25)%, respectively, P<0.05]. Cell invasion number in paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group (23.64±2.12) was lower than that in siRNA-ENO1 group and paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group (42.16±2.75 and 37.35±2.42, respectively, P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group and siRNA-ENO1 group [(17.49±1.35)% and (15.29±1.50)%, respectively] were higher than that of siRNA-NC group [(7.21±0.70)%, P<0.05]. The apoptosis rate in the paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group [(24.59±2.40)%] was higher than those in the paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group and siRNA-ENO1 group [(17.49±1.35)% and (15.29±1.50)%, respectively, P<0.05]. The expression levels of ENO1, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway related proteins including p-PI3K and p-Akt and the expression levels of PCNA, MMP-9 and Bcl-2 in siRNA-ENO1 group and paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group were lower than those in siRNA-NC group ( P<0.05). The expression levels of ENO1, p-PI3K, p-Akt, PCNA, MMP-9 and Bcl-2 in paclitaxel+ siRNA-ENO1 group were lower than those in siRNA-ENO1 group or paclitaxel+ siRNA-NC group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:siRNA targeting inhibition of ENO1 expression can enhance the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of SK-HEP-1 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To establish a simple animal model of cough variant asthma(CVA)through sensitizing Brown-Norway(BN)rats with ovalbumin(OVA). Methods A total of 36 BN rats were randomly divided into three groups, including the normal control group,the model control group and the montelukast group. BN rats in the model group and the montelukast group were intraperitoneally administered with 2.0 mg of OVA and 100 mg of Al(OH)3,and the same volume of sterile saline was given to the normal group by intraperitoneal injection. Boosting was carried out by intraperitoneal administration with 0.01 mg of OVA and 100 mg of Al(OH)33 weeks later,and the rats in the normal group were injected with the same dose of physiological saline. Three weeks later,the actively sensitized BN rats were challenged with aerosolized OVA for 7 times on alternative days,and the rats in the normal group were treated with sterile saline instead of OVA. At the same time, the montelukast group was given 1.3 mg/kg of montelukast 30 minutes before atomization by intragastric administration once a day for 2 weeks,and the normal group and the model group were given the same volume of water. The tests of cough sensitivity to capsaicin and bronchial responsiveness were performed 24 h after the last administration. Results Compared with the normal group, the times of coughing(P< 0.01)and the lung resistance(RL)(P< 0.05)in the model group were significantly increased,while the lung compliance(Cdyn)was significantly decreased(P< 0.05). There was a significant difference(P < 0.05)in the times of coughing caused by capsaicin between the model group and the montelukast group. Compared with the model group,RLin the montelukast group was decreased significantly(P< 0.05), and Cdynwas increased significantly(P< 0.05). Conclusions This rat model of CVA is similar to a variety of clinical features of CVA and is easy to operate. Thus it can be used as an effective animal model of CVA.

Silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction. Fusarium graminearum was used as the test strain. To study the inhibition of F. graminearum by silver nanoparticles, we studied the activities of protective enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and the contents of osmotic adjustment substances soluble protein, soluble sugar and malonaldehyde (MDA) in F. graminearum. Silver nanoparticles inhibited F. graminearum and the inhibitory effect was increased with the concentration of silver nanoparticles. The inhibition rate of 10 μg/mL silver nanoparticles was more than 90% and EC50 was 0.59 μg/mL. When the treating time prolonged (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h), the activity of SOD, CAT and POD increased firstly and then declined. SOD, POD and CAT reached the maximum at 4 hours, and decreased to minimum at 10 hours. Silver nanoparticles also increased the MDA content and reduced the soluble sugar and protein contents in pathogens. These results indicated that cell integrity was destroyed in the presence of silver. This may be one of the inhibiting mechanisms of silver nanoparticles on the growth of F. graminearum.