Objective Virtual reality(VR)technology is closely related to eye vision.With the development and progress of hardware and software equipment,VR has been applied widely in the field of ophthalmology.This article describes the application of VR technology in the clinical research and ophthalmology education,reviews the current research results and advantages of this new technology,including the new curative effect in amblyopia/strabismus,myopia and glaucoma,as well as research on the technology's application in cataract surgery training and ophthalmology education.The article also discusses the dangers and difficulties of VR application and predicts its future application trend.In view of the shortcomings of VR in current research applications,the paper discusses and looks forward to provide powerful strategies for amblyopia,myopia and other ophthalmic diseases and clinical research.

Yuebawei refers to 8 kinds of genuine medicinal materials in south China area，namely Citri Grandis Exocarpium， Citrus reticulata， Amomum villosum， Pogostemon cablin， Morinda officinalis， Aquilaria sinensis， Citrus medica and Polygonum multiflorum. The results of this review show that， the pharmacological effects of Yuebawei are very extensive. It has significant effects in relieving cough and phlegm， anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory， enhancing immunity， anti-oxidation， antidepressant， immune regulation and regulating gastrointestinal function. Its development and application prospects are broad， but most of the existing pharmacological studies stay on pharmacodynamic studies. In the aspect of the safety research of Yuebawei， there are few studies on the safety of other medicinal materials， except for the liver toxicity of P. multiflorum； at the same time， there are few comparative studies on the therapeutic advantages of Yuebawei and other local medicinal materials in clinical application. It is necessary to strengthen the research on the material basis of pharmacological action mechanism， and safety and efficacy observation of clinical medication for Yuebawei， so as to provide scientific basis for the development of new drugs and clinical promotion and application of Yuebawei.

Rutin,a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables,is a potential anticancer compound with strong anti-cancer activity.Therefore,electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of rutin.In this study,CoWO4 nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method,and porous carbon(PC)was prepared via high-temperature pyrolysis.Successful preparation of the materials was confirmed,and character-ization was performed by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.A mixture of PC and CoWO4 nanosheets was used as an electrode modifier to fabricate the electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical determination of rutin.The 3D CoWO4 nanosheets exhibited high electrocatalytic activity and good stability.PC has a high surface-to-volume ratio and superior conductivity.Moreover,the hydrophobicity of PC allows large amounts of rutin to be adsorbed,thereby increasing the concentration of rutin at the electrode surface.Owing to the syn-ergistic effect of the 3D CoWO4 nanosheets and PC,the developed electrochemical sensor was employed to quantitively determine rutin with high stability and sensitivity.The sensor showed a good linear range(5-5000 ng/mL)with a detection limit of O.45 ng/mL.The developed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in crushed tablets and human serum samples.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of high resolution MRI for the measurement of anterior cartilaginous acetabulum-head-index (A-CAHI) and the value of A-CAHI for predicting hip clinical function after treatment in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Methods:The imaging data of 92 hips from 61 children with treated DDH were retrospectively reviewed in Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute from January 2019 to January 2020. All children underwent conservative treatments or surgical interventions 3 years ago. Hip function after treatment was evaluated clinically based on the modified MacKay criteria. The hips were divided into satisfactory clinical function group (McKay rating excellent or good, n=46) and unsatisfactory group (McKay rating fair or poor, n=46). All patients were imaged with conventional MRI, high resolution fat suppressed proton density weighted image (FS-PDWI) of the unilateral hip joint in oblique sagittal view, and anteroposterior hip radiographs. A-CAHI and lateral cartilaginous acetabulum-head-index (L-CAHI) were measured respectively on high-resolution oblique sagittal PDWI and conventional coronal T 1WI. Acetabulum head index (AHI) was also measured on anteroposterior hip radiograph. Mann-Whitney U test or independent-samples t test was used to compare the difference of A-CAHI, L-CAHI and AHI between satisfactory and unsatisfactory clinical function groups. The diagnostic value using A-CAHI, L-CAHI, AHI, or A-CAHI combined with L-CAHI for unsatisfactory clinical function were investigated by the ROC curve. The area under the curve (AUC) and the Z statistic were used to compare diagnostic performance. Results:The values of A-CAHI, L-CAHI and AHI were significantly higher in satisfactory clinical function group compared with the unsatisfactory group ( Z=-7.746, -7.735, t=-7.199, all P<0.001).A-CAHI combined with L-CAHI had the significant highest diagnostic accuracy compared with A-CAHI, L-CAHI and AHI (AUC were 0.994, 0.969, 0.968, 0.861, respectively), with significant differences ( Z=1.975, 2.006, 3.553, P=0.048, 0.051,<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of A-CAHI combined with L-CAHI for the diagnosis of prognosis were 95.7% and 97.8%, respectively. Conclusions:A-CAHI measured by high resolution MRI was found to have the highest diagnostic accuracy for prediction of hip clinical function in the treated DDH, and combined with L-CAHI can improve the diagnostic accuracy significantly.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) directing therapy in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease sequelae (SPID) with the syndrome of Qi stagnation and blood stasis. Methods: From April 2016 to April 2018, 60 patients of SPID with the syndrome of Qi stagnation and blood stasis in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Pudong New Area of Shanghai were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group according to the digital table, with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with FukeQianjin capsules, and the treatment group was treated with TCM directing therapy, with a course of 1 month.The clinical efficacy was observed, and the TCM syndrome score and gynecological examination score were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the treatment group was 96.67%(29/30), which was significantly higher than 80.00%(24/30) of the control group (χ²=4.043, P<0.05). The gynecological examination score of the control group after treatment was (8.87±3.26)points, which was significantly lower than that before treatment [(16.50±5.35)points] (t=9.34, P<0.05). The gynecological examination score of the treatment group after treatment was (6.47±3.19)points, which was significantly lower than that before treatment [(17.83±4.47)points](t=10.92, P<0.05). The TCM syndrome score of the control group after treatment was (11.33±4.18)points, which was significantly lower than that before treatment [(26.33±7.61)points](t=9.99, P<0.05). The TCM syndrome score of the treatment group after treatment was (8.93±3.74)points, which was significantly lower than that before treatment [(29.67±7.61)points](t=13.37, P<0.05). After treatment, the decrease of TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was obviously better than that in the control group (t=2.23, P<0.05). And the decrease of the gynecological examination score in the treatment group was obviously better than that in the control group(t=2.50, P<0.05). Conclusion TCM directing therapy has good efficacy in the treatment of SPID with the syndrome of Qi stagnation and blood stasis.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the automated quantitative analysis by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for lesion specific hemodynamic significance assessed by fractional flow reserve(FFR). Methods One hundred and fifteen patients with one hundred and fifty?one vessels,who successively underwent invasive coronary angiography with evaluation of FFR(values≤0.8 were defined as lesion specific hemodynamically significant), were analyzed by coronary CT angiography. FFR≤0.80 was found in 54(35.76％) of the 151 vessels, which was divided into two groups (group of hemodynamically significant and group of hemodynamically non-significant). CCTA images were quantitatively analyzed with automated software to obtain the following index:minimal lumen diameter(MLD), maximum diameter stenosis(MDS％), minimal lumen area(MLA), maximum area stenosis(MAS％), lesion length (LL), total plaque volume(TPV), total plaque burden(TPB), calcified plaque volume(CPV), calcified plaque burden (CPB), non-calcified plaque volume(NCPV), non-calcified plaque burden(NCPB), lipid plaque volume(LPV), lipid plaque burden(LPB), fibrous plaque volume(FPV), fibrous plaque burden(FPB), napkin-ring sign(NRS), remodeling index(RI) and eccentric index(EI). Logistic regression and area under the receiver operating characteristics were used for statistical analysis. Results MDS％(65.04％± 8.20％), MAS％(73.91％± 7.58％), TPB(57.96％± 11.17％), CPB[4.32％(0.11％, 5.34％)], LPB[14.89％(9.30％, 19.23％)], CPV[30.68 (0.29, 33.36)mm3], LPV[(81.72(33.92, 94.68)mm3]in the group with hemodynamic significance were larger than those in group with normal hemodynamic status[58.27％± 9.50％, 64.83％± 8.31％, 53.88％± 11.77％, 2.05％(0.00％, 3.42％), 11.83％(6.34％, 16.8％), 12.53(0.00, 13.24)mm3, 60.71(24.1, 75.11)mm3, respectively], which was statistically significant(t=4.41,P<0.01;Z=6.63,P<0.01;t=2.08,P<0.05;Z=-2.47,P<0.01;Z=-2.30,P<0.05;Z=-2.48, P<0.01;Z=-2.55, P<0.01, respectively). MLD[1.24(1.04, 1.46)mm]and MLA[3.61(2.40, 4.80) mm2]in the group with hemodynamic significance were smaller than those in group with normal hemodynamic status[1.53(1.32,1.72)mm, 5.28(4.00,6.40)mm2],which was statistically significant[Z=-4.82,-5.40, respectively;P<0.01].In logistic regression analysis, only MAS％(OR:1.08,95％CI:1.01-1.15,P=0.02), CPB (OR:1.16,95％CI:1.02-1.33,P=0.02) and LPB(OR:1.10,95％CI:1.01-1.19,P=0.02), MLA(OR:0.69, 95％CI:0.49-0.98,P=0.04)were significant predictors of hemodynamic significance. For predicting lesion specific hemodynamic significance, compared with MLA(0.76), MDS％(0.71), CPB(0.62) and LPB(0.61), except for MLA(Z=0.77, P=0.44), the AUC of MAS％(0.79) was significantly increased(Z=2.54, P=0.01;Z=2.91, P<0.01;Z=2.94, P<0.01, respectively). However, combination of other index to MAS％[MAS％+MLA％(0.81), MAS％+MDS％(0.80), MAS％+TPB(0.80), MAS％+CPB(0.80), MAS％+LPB(0.81)] did not show significantly difference over MAS％(Z=1.10, 0.71, 0.40, 0.54, 1.07, respectively;P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with diameter stenosis, area stenosis substantially improves the prediction of lesion specific hemodynamic significance.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of glimepiride treatment as initial monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods This was a subgroup analysis of the GREAT study,which investigated the efficacy and safety of glimepiride as initial monotherapy in Chinese patients with T2DM.This analysis was performed in 209 patients with disease duration less than 6 months and never received any anti-diabetic drugs.The change of HbA1C,fasting plasm glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPPG),homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function index (HOMA-β),homeostasis model assessment for insulin-resistance index(HOMA-IR),the percentage of patients with HbA1C ＜ 7.0％ at endpoint and the incidence of hypoglycemia were evaluated after 16-weeks treatment.Results After 16-weeks glimepiride treatment,HbA1C value reduced significantly from baseline to endpoint,the reduction was statistically significant (9.21％ ± 1.65％ to 6.69％±0.83％,P＜0.001),69.7％ of the patients achieved HbA1C ＜7.0％ at study endpoint.Glimepiride-treated patients also achieved a significant improvement in FPG [from (10.15 ± 2.13) mmol/L to (7.23 ± 1.50) mmol/L,P＜0.001] and 2hPPG [from (17.21 ±4.14) mmol/L to (11.62 ± 3.34) mmol/L].HOMA-β was improved from 17.21± 15.19 [11.62 (2.90,115.8)] to 41.13 ± 44.12 [28.00 (5.1,360.00)],and HOMA-IR was reduced from 2.32± 1.90 [1.76 (0.60,12.80)] to 2.07 ± 1.74 [1.63 (0.4,12.3)].The incidence of all reported symptomatic hypoglycemia was 18.2％,and the incidence of confirmed hypoglycemia was 3.8％.Conclusion This analysis showed that glimepiride treatment as an initial mono-therapy could effectively improve blood glucose control in newly diagnosed patients with T2DM,and the treatment may improve islet β cell function,and the safety profile is reasonably good.

BACKGROUND: Following trauma caused by seawater, cells often exhibit special pathological changes because of the special physico-chemical properties of seawater.OBJECTIVE: To observe corneal histopathological changes and interleukin-6 level in aqueous humor of a rabbit model of penetrating corneal trauma combined with seawater immersion.METHODS: The rabbit eye models of penetrating corneal trauma caused by firecrackers were established in 16 adult healthy grey rabbits. A 3-mm whole-layer incision was made in the cornea. The right eyes served as experimental sides and the left eyes served as controls. Seawater was injected into the aqueous humor of the right eyes via the corneal incision. The eye surface was flushed with seawater for 30 minutes. Physiological saline was used for the left eyes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Optical microscopy results showed that at 1, 2, 3 days after model establishment, corneal cells on the experimental side exhibited severe necrosis and abscission, obvious swelling of substantia propria layer complicated by cellular infiltration. At 1 and 2 days after model establishment, the pathological changes on the control side were the same as the experimental side, but they were mild, but at 3 and 5 days, they were obviously alleviated. At 1, 2, 3 days after model establishment, interleukin-6 level in aqueous humor was significantly higher on the experimental side than on the control side (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the degree of injury on the experimental side was more severe than that on the control side, indicating that seawater may be an important causative factor of corneal injury.

Relying on unique wild Chinese crude drug, animal and plant resources of Wudang Mountain and Shennongjia, biological pharmacy technology and talent advantages, Shiyan area has a definite competitive advantage in the development of biomedicine industry. This paper analyzed the current situation of biomedical industry and put forward corresponding strategies in Shiyan area based on SWOT.

Objective To study the correlation between the post-transplant renal allograft function and the variation of serum cystatin C (CyC) concentration in renal allograft recipients. Methods One hundred and ninety-three renal allograft recipients accepted the same combination immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus, mycophenolate and prednisone were enrolled into the study. Patient's serum and urine samples were collected on day 5 post-transplant to detect serum cystatin C, serum and urine creatinine (SCr). Correlation analysis was used to analyze correlation between CyC concentration and SCr concentration or the calculated creatinine clearance rate (CkCCr) by using the Cockcroft-Gault equation and urine creatinine clearance rate (CCr). Specificity and sensitivity of using the CyC concentration to evaluate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were calculated as well.Results The mean concentrations of serum CyC and SCr on day 5 post-transplant were (1.91±1.2)mg/L and (174.0±129.1)μmol/L, respectively. While the CCr and CkCCr were (67.9±27.3)ml/min and (68.1±27.8)ml/min, respectively. Forty-two patients had a CyC concentration below 1.25 mg/L, 102 patients'CyC concentrations were between 1.25 and 2.0 mg/L and 49 patients'CyC concentrations were above 2. 0 mg/L. As for SCr, 62 patients had a concentration below 125 μmol/L, 83 patients'concentrations were between 125 and 200 μmol/L and 48 patients'concentrations were above 200 μmol/L. For CkCCr, there were 52 cases with a concentration above 80 ml/min, 96 cases with a concentration between 80 and 60 ml/min and 45 cases with a concentration below 60 ml/min. Serum CyC concentration had a negative correlation with CkCCr (r=-0. 907, P＜0. 001) and had a significantly positive correlation with SCr concentration (r=0. 886, P＜0. 001). SCr had a significantly negative relationship with CkCCr (r=-0. 889 ,P＜0. 001). Serum CyC had higher correlation with CkCCr than the correlation between SCr and CkCCr. The ROC curves showed that areas under curve of CyC, SCr, CCr and CkCCr were 0. 877, 0. 771, 0. 832 and 0. 909, respectively. Specificity and sensitivity of CyC, SCr,CCr and CkCCr were 69.3%, 96.1%, 77.1%, 71.3%and 91.6%, 52.2%, 67.5%, 84.6%, respectively.Conclusions Serum CyC concentration elevates earlier than SCr concentration when there is slight renal function impairment. Serum CyC concentration might become a more sensitive marker to evaluate the post-transplant renal allograft function in renal transplant recipients.