Background Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath are closely associated with respiratory diseases and are linked to various metabolic reactions in the human body. A quantitative analytical method can provide technical support for studying VOCs related to various diseases. Objective To establish a thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) method for the determination of 27 VOCs in exhaled breath. Methods VOCs in exhaled breath were collected using a Bio-VOC sampler and enriched with Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes before TD-GC-MS analysis. Standards were collected using thermal desorption tubes and optimized for thermal desorption conditions as well as chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions: The separation of the 27 VOCs was achieved by an optimized temperature program, the improvement of sensitivity by optimizing quantitative ions, and the increase of VOCs desorption efficiency by optimizing thermal desorption time and temperature. Limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and stability of the proposed method were investigated by spiking with a blank gas bag, and exhaled breath samples from 20 healthy individuals were collected for an application study of the proposed method. Results The thermal desorption temperature was 280 ℃, and desorption time was 6 min. A VF-624ms chromatographic column was selected for the separation of target substances. The initial temperature of heating program was 35 ℃, maintained for 1 min, and then increased to 100 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃·min⁻¹ for 1 min, followed by increasing to 210 ℃ at a heating rate of 28 ℃·min⁻¹ for 5 min. A quantitative analysis was conducted with a single ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Under these conditions, the 27 VOCs showed good linear relationships in their respective concentration ranges and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9990. The limits of detection of the method were in the range of 0.01-0.13 nmol·mol⁻¹, the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.02-0.44 nmol·mol⁻¹, and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 80.1%-120.5%, with intra-batch and inter-batch precision ≤ 18.8% and 17.9% respectively. All substances can be stored at room temperature (23-28 °C) for 7 d and at 4 °C for 14 d. The proposed method was applied to exhaled breath samples from 20 subjects with detection rates≥ 80% (except for trans-2-pentene and decane) and a concentration range of 0.00-465.50 nmol·mol⁻¹. Conclusion The established TD-GC-MS method for quantification of VOCs in exhaled breath is characterized by high sensitivity and good accuracy, and is suitable for quantitative determination of VOCs in exhaled breath, which can provide technical support for the study of exhaled breath VOCs.

Malocclusion,identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as one of three major oral diseases,profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions,facial esthetics,and long-term development of～260 million children in China.Beyond its physical manifestations,malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children.Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition,by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth.Early orthodontic treatment encompasses accurate identification and treatment of dental and maxillofacial morphological and functional abnormalities during various stages of dental-maxillofacial development,ranging from fetal stages to the early permanent dentition phase.From an economic and societal standpoint,the urgency for effective early orthodontic treatments for malocclusions in childhood cannot be overstated,underlining its profound practical and social importance.This consensus paper discusses the characteristics and the detrimental effects of malocclusion in children,emphasizing critical need for early treatment.It elaborates on corresponding core principles and fundamental approaches in early orthodontics,proposing comprehensive guidance for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment,serving as a reference for clinicians engaged in early orthodontic treatment.

China prospective multicenter birth cohort (Prospective Omics Health Atlas birth cohort, POHA birth cohort) study was officially launched in 2022. This study, in collaboration with 12 participating units, aims to establish a high-quality, multidimensional cohort comprising 20 000 naturally conceived families and assisted reproductive families. The study involves long-term follow-up of parents and offspring, with corresponding biological samples collected at key time points. Through multi-omics testing and analysis, the study aims to conduct multi-omics big data research across the entire maternal and infant life cycle. The goal is to identify new biomarkers for maternal and infant diseases and provide scientific evidence for risk prediction related to maternal diseases and neonatal health.

Background Operation and maintenance work in the power grid industry often involving climbing, manual handling, and poor postures causing serious problems like work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The influencing factors of WMSDs are not very clear, but the problem has been widely concerned in this industry. Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among climbing task-involved workers in power supply enterprises. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 702 workers involving climbing task from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Tianjin Municipality, and Shandong province were selected as study subjects using cluster sampling. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire which was revised by Lei Yang was used to estimate the prevalence and identify related factors of WMSDs. \begin{document}$ {\chi ^2} $\end{document} test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 702 subjects were approached, 649 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 92.45%. The prevalence of WMSDs was 81.2%, and neck (65.0%), low back (59.0%), and shoulders (54.4%) were areas of high prevalence of WMSDs. The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that sometimes and often/very often holding awkward postures were the risk factors of neck, shoulders, low back, knees, upper back, hands/wrists, ankles/feet, elbows, and hips/thighs WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.931 (1.260-2.959) and 3.145 (1.810-15.465), 2.700 (1.694-4.305) and 3.888 (2.224-6.798), 1.860 (1.213-2.852) and 3.150 (1.833-5.414), 2.348 (1.456-3.785) and 3.689 (2.130-6.388), 1.782 (1.128-2.815) and 3.274 (1.935-5.538), 1.710 (1.014-2.884) and 2.595 (1.455-4.630), 1.836 (1.019-3.305) and 2.860 (1.526-5.358), 2.250 (1.185-4.275) and 3.032 (1.505-6.108), 2.080 (1.048-4.128) and 3.127 (1.501-6.516), respectively. Department staff shortage was the risk factor of neck, shoulders, low back, upper back, hands/wrists, and ankles/feet WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.791 (1.038-3.093), 2.000 (1.119-3.573), 2.506 (1.429-4.394), 2.063 (1.113-3.822), 2.256 (1.069-4.762), and 2.699 (1.103-6.601), respectively. Frequent knee bending was the risk factor of knees, upper back, and hands/wrists WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.895 (1.327-2.704), 1.586 (1.131-2.224), and 2.026 (1.390-2.951), respectively. Often pushing/pulling heavy objects was the risk factor of shoulders, low back, and hips/thighs WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.485 (1.066-2.192), 1.547 (1.064-2.749), and 1.822 (1.160-2.862), respectively. Long-time heavily neck tilting forward was the risk factor of elbows and hips/thighs WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.649 (1.068-2.546) and 2.005 (1.285-3.129) respectively. Long-time ankle or foot bending was the risk factor of ankles/feet and elbows WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 2.481 (1.685-3.655) and 1.655 (1.065-2.571) respectively. Cold or changes in temperature was the risk factor of neck and shoulders WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 2.182 (1.072-4.443) and 2.116 (1.010-4.431) respectively. Exercise was the protective factor of neck, shoulders, low back, upper back, and ankles/feet WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 0.493 (0.363-0.666), 0.625 (0.438-0.888), 0.404 (0.283-0.576), 0.570 (0.408-0.797), and 0.639 (0.436-0.937), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs is high among workers involving climbing task in power supply enterprises, and neck, low back, and shoulders are the most commonly affected body parts. The influencing factors involve awkward postures, repetitive movements, repetitive tasks, pushing/pulling heavy objects, staff shortage, poor working environment, and exercise.

Background Power grid is a basic industry of national economy. The occupational health problems among operation and maintenance workers in this industry have become increasingly prominent in recent years, and they should receive enough attention. Objective To estimate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of neck and shoulder among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and analyze related influencing factors. Methods From March to June 2021, a total of 1433 operation and maintenance worker from 10 power supply enterprises in three provinces of North China were selected as research subjects using cluster sampling method. A revised Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence and ergonomic factors of neck and shoulder pain in the past year. χ² test and logistic regression model were used to explore influencing factors of neck and shoulder pain among operation and maintenance workers. Results A total of 1343 valid questionnaires were recovered and the effective recovery rate was 93.72%. The neck pain prevalence was 66.0% (886 cases) and the shoulder pain prevalence was 54.1% (727 cases). The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that often/very often long-time sitting (OR=1.864, 95%CI: 1.236-2.811; OR=1.659, 95%CI: 1.091-2.524), sometimes holding awkward postures (OR=1.695, 95%CI: 1.294-2.219; OR=1.596, 95%CI: 1.218-2.092), often/very often holding awkward postures (OR=2.416, 95%CI: 1.618-3.607; OR=2.058, 95%CI: 1.405-3.015), long-time slight neck tilting forward (OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.023-1.722; OR=1.571, 95%CI: 1.221-2.022), long-time elbows bending (OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.023-1.722; OR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.112-2.040) and department or team staff shortages (OR=1.578, 95%CI: 1.153-2.161; OR=1.831, 95%CI: 1.320-2.539) were associated with higher neck and shoulder pain prevalence rates. While exercise (OR=0.630, 95%CI: 0.492-0.809; OR=0.707, 95%CI: 0.557-0.899) was associated with lower neck and shoulder pain prevalence rates. Doing same work every day (OR=1.704, 95%CI: 1.305-2.225) was associated with a higher neck pain prevalence rate. Awkward postures with ineffectual force (OR=1.808, 95%CI: 1.226-2.665) and often keeping arms above shoulders (OR=1.424, 95%CI: 1.017-1.992) were associated with a higher shoulder pain prevalence rate. Conclusion The prevalence rates of neck and shoulder pian are high among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises in selected three provinces of North China, and the main associated factors include individual factors, awkward work postures, and labor organization.

Background Long working hours is harmful to the physical and mental health of occupational groups, and should receive active attention. Objective To evaluate the current status of long working hours among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and explore its effects on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the population. Methods From March to June 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1433 operation and maintenance workers from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Shandong Province, and Tianjin Municipality using cluster sampling. A total of 1433 copies of revised Mus-culoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire were distributed, 1343 questionnaires were recovered, and the recovery rate was 93.72%. The questionnaire included general information, personal health behaviors, weekly working hours, work-related factors, and musculoskeletal pain or discomfort in nine body parts in the past 12 months. χ² test and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationships between long working hours (>40 h per week) and WMSDs. Results The average age of the workers was (39.42±9.89) years, and the average work experience was 11.00 (5.00, 21.00) years. There were 1158 males (86.22%) and 185 females (13.78%). The average weekly working hours of the workers were (47.98±11.35) h, and the proportion of long working hours (>40 h per week) was 61.06% (820/1343). The proportions of long working hours were higher among the workers with characteristics of male, power distribution, shift work, often/very often long-time standing, often/very often holding awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time neck tilting backward, keeping arms above shoulders, frequent elbow bending, repeating knee movement every minute, and repeating lower limb or foot movement every minute (all P<0.05). The prevalence rate of WMSDs was 81.53% (1095/1343) among the workers. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that after adjusting education, smoking, exercise, awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time heavy trunk bending, long-time neck tilting backward, and keeping arms above shoulders, compared with working ≤40 h per week, the risk of WMSDs among workers working >49 h per week was higher (OR=1.406, 95%CI: 1.011-1.955). Conclusion Long working hours is prominent among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and increases the risk of reporting WMSDs.

Background Climbing pylons during high-voltage cable maintenance is not only a labor-intensive task, but also a challenge bringing about heat stress and mental pressure from working at height, which may lead to accumulation of muscle fatigue and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Objective To record the local muscle fatigue during a simulated climbing task by high-voltage cable electricians based on surface electromyography (sEMG) signals, explore the characteristic changes in sEMG signals and their relationship with subjective fatigue evaluation of the task, and provide data support for developing task specific objective assessment tools for local muscle fatigue and prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Methods Ten male college students were recruited to conduct a test of a simulated pylon climbing task. The climbing distance was 60 m, and a task segment was set for every 20 m (about 100 s), recorded as T1, T2, and T3, respectively. After completing each task segment, the subjects were required to rate their subjective fatigue using the Borg's RPE Scale. Fatigue was defined by rating of perceived exertion (RPE) score ≥ 14 in this study. The sEMG signals of trapezius, erector spinae, rectus femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles were recorded wirelessly. The standardized maximal voluntary electrical activation (MVE) obtained by standardizing the root mean square (RMS) of the time domain index and the median frequency (MF) of the frequency domain index were estimated for the recorded sEMG signals, and joint amplitude and spectrum analysis (JASA) was used to evaluate local muscle fatigue of target muscles involving in the climbing task. Results The RPE scores of T1, T2, and T3 were 11.9, 15.3, and 17.4, respectively. Subjective fatigue was found in T2 and T3 but not in T1. With the extension of climbing time, the MVE values of left and right erector spinae muscles, left and right rectus femoris, and right gastrocnemius muscle increased gradually, while the MVE values of left and right trapezius muscles and left gastrocnemius muscle increased first and then decreased. The MF values of left and right rectus femoris increased at first, then remained unchanged, while the MF values of the other muscles remained basically unchanged. In T1, three muscles, including left trapezius muscle and both side of erector spinae muscles, showed fatigue; in T2, five muscles, including both sides of erector spina muscles, right trapezius muscle, and both sides of gastrocnemius muscle appeared fatigue; in T3 , except for left rectus femoris, the other seven muscles were fatigue. Conclusion The characteristic changes of electromyography signals in the simulated climbing task are not completely consistent with the typical amplitude increase and left shift of the frequency spectrum of sEMG signals in static tasks, indicating that the application of time-domain and frequency-domain analysis methods in the evaluation of muscle fatigue in climbing tasks needs further discussion. Trapezius muscles and erector spinae muscles are the first to show fatigue in the simulation, and may be the sensitive muscle groups of muscle fatigue associated with climbing movement. Compared with subjective evaluation, surface electromyography is more sensitive in the assessment of body fatigue. Fatigue is reported about 100 s of climbing (the climbing length is about 20 m).

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical value of transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in different total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) intervals. 【Methods】 According to serum tPSA levels, 96 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups:4-10 ng/mL, >10-20 ng/mL and >20 ng/mL groups. All patients underwent transrectal CEUS. With pathological results as reference, the diagnostic value of transrectal CEUS in different tPSA intervals was evaluated. 【Results】 Of the 96 cases, 62 were confirmed by pathology as prostate cancer and 34 as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The main perfusion characteristics of prostate cancer under CEUS were rapid enhancement (64.52%), rapid clearance (70.97%), uneven enhancement (83.87%) and high enhancement (61.29%);the main characteristics of BPH were non-rapid enhancement (70.59%), non-rapid clearance (73.53%), uniform enhancement (76.47%) and non-high enhancement (52.94%). There were significant differences in terms of enhancement speed, clearance speed and enhancement uniformity between prostate cancer and BPH (P<0.05), but no significant difference in the enhancement intensity. The sensitivity of transrectal CEUS in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in low, medium and high tPSA groups were 58.33%, 70.37% and 95.65%, the specificity were 83.33%, 76.92% and 66.67%, and the accuracy were 73.33%, 72.50% and 92.31%, respectively. Transrectal CEUS showed consistency at different serum tPSA levels for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, with statistical significance. Moreover, in the 4.0 ng/mL ≤tPSA<10.0 ng/mL group, the diagnostic specificity was the highest. 【Conclusion】 Transrectal CEUS is helpful in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostatic lesions, especially for patients with different serum tPSA levels.

Telephone follow-up is one of the important ways to follow up patients. High-quality follow-up can benefit both doctors and patients. However, clinical research-related follow-up is often faced with problems such as time-consuming, laborious and poor patient compliance. The authors belong to a team that has been committed to the study of patient-reported outcomes for a long time. The team has carried out long-term follow-up of symptoms, daily function and postoperative complications of more than 1 000 patients after lung cancer surgery, and accumulated certain experience. In this paper, the experience of telephone follow-up was summarized and discussed with relevant literatures from the aspects of clarifying the purpose of clinical research follow-up, understanding the needs of patients in follow-up, and using follow-up skills.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a Fra(16)(q22)/FRA16B fragile site in a female with secondary infertility. METHODS: The 28-year-old patient was admitted to Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital on October 5, 2021 due to secondary infertility. Peripheral blood sample was collected for G-banded karyotyping analysis, single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array), quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. RESULTS: The patient was found to harbor 5 mosaic karyotypes involving chromosome 16 in a total of 126 cells, which yielded a karyotype of mos 46,XX,Fra(16)(q22)[42]/46,XX,del(16)(q22)[4]/47,XX,del(16),+chtb(16)(q22-qter)[4]/46,XX,tr(16)(q22)[2]/46,XX[71]. No obvious abnormality was found by SNP-array, QF-PCR and FISH analysis. CONCLUSION A female patient with FRA16B was identified by genetic testing. Above finding has enabled genetic counseling of this patient.
Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; Karyotyping ; Karyotype ; Infertility