Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Objective To compare the effects of different signal peptides on the secretion and expression of SARS-CoV-2S1,receptor binding domain(RBD) and RBD dimer proteins in Expisf9 insect cells.Methods The gene sequences of three proteins,SARS-CoV-2 S1(M1-E661),RBD(R319-P545) and RBD dimer(R319-K537 tandem),were selected and divided into 25 groups according to the different N-terminal signal peptide sequences(Endo,honeybee melittin(HBM),GP64,GP67,chitinase(Chi) and HIV-ENV) and C-terminal label sequences.25 recombinant baculoviruses were constructed by Bac-to-Bac system,and 25 groups of tertiary strain banks were prepared.B2 and C4 viruses were inoculated to logarithmic prestage cells(2.8 × 10~6 cells/mL) and logarithmic metaphase cells(1.2 × 10~7 cells/mL),respectively.The viruses of each group were cultured to 100 mL(500 mL shaker) for protein expression,and samples were taken for SDSPAGE electrophoresis,Western-blot and ELISA detection.Two groups with higher expression levels of S1,RBD and RBD dimer proteins were selected for repeated verification.Results When B2 and C4 were inoculated to high cell density,the secretion expression level showed no increase,while there were significant difference between 4 and 5 d after inoculation.The expression level of A7(Endo-S1-tag) was significantly lower than that of A9(HIV-ENV-S1-tag),the expression level of A4(Gp67-S1-tag) was the highest,and the secreted expression level of A1(Endo-Endo-Sl-tag) was significantly lower than that of A7(Endo-S1-tag).The secretion and expression of B6(HIV-ENV-RBD-tag) was signifi-cantly higher than that of B4(Gp67-RBD-tag) and other signal peptide groups,and C4(Gp67-RBD-dimer-tag) expression was significantly higher than that of C3(Gp64-RBD-dimer-tag).Two groups with high expression of each protein were selected separately for repeated verification(A4,A9;B4,B6;C3,C4) and the results showed that A4,B6 and C4 had the highest secretion expression levels.Conclusion The signal peptide for the highest secretion expression of S1 and RBD dimer proteins is the same,which is GP67 signal peptide,while the most suitable signal peptide for RBD protein is HIV-ENV,indicating that the N-terminal sequence can affect protein secretion,signal peptide sequence is universal to a certain extent,but is also related to the target protein sequence to be expressed.

Objective To compare the effects of different signal peptides on the secretion and expression of SARS-CoV-2S1,receptor binding domain(RBD) and RBD dimer proteins in Expisf9 insect cells.Methods The gene sequences of three proteins,SARS-CoV-2 S1(M1-E661),RBD(R319-P545) and RBD dimer(R319-K537 tandem),were selected and divided into 25 groups according to the different N-terminal signal peptide sequences(Endo,honeybee melittin(HBM),GP64,GP67,chitinase(Chi) and HIV-ENV) and C-terminal label sequences.25 recombinant baculoviruses were constructed by Bac-to-Bac system,and 25 groups of tertiary strain banks were prepared.B2 and C4 viruses were inoculated to logarithmic prestage cells(2.8 × 10~6 cells/mL) and logarithmic metaphase cells(1.2 × 10~7 cells/mL),respectively.The viruses of each group were cultured to 100 mL(500 mL shaker) for protein expression,and samples were taken for SDSPAGE electrophoresis,Western-blot and ELISA detection.Two groups with higher expression levels of S1,RBD and RBD dimer proteins were selected for repeated verification.Results When B2 and C4 were inoculated to high cell density,the secretion expression level showed no increase,while there were significant difference between 4 and 5 d after inoculation.The expression level of A7(Endo-S1-tag) was significantly lower than that of A9(HIV-ENV-S1-tag),the expression level of A4(Gp67-S1-tag) was the highest,and the secreted expression level of A1(Endo-Endo-Sl-tag) was significantly lower than that of A7(Endo-S1-tag).The secretion and expression of B6(HIV-ENV-RBD-tag) was signifi-cantly higher than that of B4(Gp67-RBD-tag) and other signal peptide groups,and C4(Gp67-RBD-dimer-tag) expression was significantly higher than that of C3(Gp64-RBD-dimer-tag).Two groups with high expression of each protein were selected separately for repeated verification(A4,A9;B4,B6;C3,C4) and the results showed that A4,B6 and C4 had the highest secretion expression levels.Conclusion The signal peptide for the highest secretion expression of S1 and RBD dimer proteins is the same,which is GP67 signal peptide,while the most suitable signal peptide for RBD protein is HIV-ENV,indicating that the N-terminal sequence can affect protein secretion,signal peptide sequence is universal to a certain extent,but is also related to the target protein sequence to be expressed.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of the Fangfeng Tongshengsan on post-chemoembolization syndrome with primary liver cancer or postoperative liver metastases of colorectal cancer. MethodSeventy-two patients suffered from post-chemoembolization syndrome after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization were randomly divided into 2 groups， including a Fangfeng Tongshengsan group and a control group， with 36 patients in each group. The patients in Fangfeng Tongshengsan group orally took the decoction for consecutive 7 d. The patients in the control group were physically cooled down with alcohol rub bath and ice pack for consecutive 7 d. Furthermore， the difference of fever， Karnofsky performance status （KPS）， pain in the liver region， nausea vomiting， constipation， and liver function between these two groups were observed. ResultCompared with the control group， Fangfeng Tongshengsan significantly relieved fever， reduced the body temperature （P<0.05）， and shortened the duration of fever （P<0.05）， indicating that Fangfeng Tongshengsan remarkably improved the KPS （P<0.05）. Meanwhile， Fangfeng Tongshengsan obviously alleviated nausea， vomiting， and constipation status and shortened the duration time compared with the control group （P<0.05）. In addition， the parameters of liver function including alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， γ-glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT）， and total bilirubin （TBIL） were significantly decreased in the Fangfeng Tongshengsan group （P<0.05）， which indicated that Fangfeng Tongshengsan alleviated liver dysfunction of patients with post-chemoembolization syndrome. ConclusionFangfeng Tongshengsan can be used to treat post-chemoembolization syndrome with primary liver cancer and postoperative liver metastases of colorectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and potential of fluorescent cholecystic bile duct visualization with direct intravenous injection of indocyanine green(ICG) in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods:The clinical data of 132 patients with LC combined with obesity admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second People′s Hospital of Changzhou City, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, from January 2023 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into fluorescence group( n=65) and control group( n=67) according to whether indocyanine green fluorescence navigation was used or not. There were 50 males and 82 females, and all the enrolled patients body mass index≥28 kg/m 2. Two groups identify the time of the three tubes, intraoperative bleeding, operation time, postoperative hospitalization time, white blood cell count(WBC), C-reactive protein(CRP), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT), and postoperative follow-up in the fluorescent and control groups were counted respectively. Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M( Q1, Q3), and intergroup comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test; counting data were described by frequency(rate), and intergroup comparisons were made by applying the chi-square test, Fisher′s exact probability method, and chi-square corrected test according to the difference in the minimum frequency. Results:Surgery was successfully completed in both groups. Preoperative inflammatory indicators and liver function levels were also not statistically significant( P>0.05). The time to identify the three tubes, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative hospitalization in the fluorescence group were 18.00(13.50, 20.00) min, 40.00(30.00, 50.00) min, 5.00(5.00, 10.00) mL, and 2.00(1.50, 3.00) d, and in the control group were 32.00(25.00, 45.00) min, 65.00(50.00, 85.00) min, 41.00(41.00, 46.00) mL, and 4.00(3.00, 5.00) d. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant( P<0.05). The postoperative leukocyte count, postoperative CRP, and postoperative GGT were 9.15(7.10, 11.75)×10 9/L, 7.19(3.22, 20.00) mg/L, and 34.0(20.0, 49.0) U/L in the fluorescence group, and 13.05(11.02, 15.59)×10 9/L, and 18.78(12.90, 32.95) mg/L in the control group, respectively, 82.5(68.5, 114.5) U/L, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). None of the patients showed abdominal pain, abnormal liver function and hepatobiliary ultrasound in the follow-up findings within 2 months after surgery. Conclusion:The effect of obesity, a factor that interferes with ICG fluorescence, is extremely limited, and ICG fluorescence cholangiography is a useful technique in the obese population that not only improves the efficiency of the procedure, but also increases intraoperative safety, with results superior to those of conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of intraoperative intravenous injection of indocyanine green in differentiating extrahepatic bile duct structure in chronic atrophic cholecystitis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 110 patients diagnosed with chronic AC who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery of Changzhou Second People′s Hospital from January 2020 to July 2021. All patients were confirmed by abdominal B-ultrasound before surgery. The patients in the experimental group were divided into experimental group ( n=55) and control group ( n=55) according to whether indocyanine green was intravenously injected during the operation. The experimental group was intravenously injected with 5 mg indocyanine green during the operation, and LC was navigated by indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technique during the operation. The control group received routine LC. The imaging rate and imaging time of the cystic duct, common bile duct, and common hepatic duct in the experimental group were compared. The clinical data, identify three tube time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, abdominal cavity drainage placement and extubation time, transfer laparotomy and bile duct injury, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative first review of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamine transferase (GGT) of leveling and follow-up were compared between the two groups. The measurement data subject to normal distribution were expressed by Mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and the two groups were compared by independent sample t test. The measurement data of skewness distribution were described by M( Q1, Q3)and the manhui method in nonparametric test was used Mann-whitney U test.The chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method was used for comparison between groups of count data. Results:Operation was performed successfully in both groups. In the experimental group, the common hepatic duct, common bile duct and gallbladder duct were developed successfully in all patients, 54 cases and 52 cases respectively, and the developing time of the three tubes was (15.8±1.2) min. In the experimental group, the time of three tubes, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and abdominal drainage tube placement were (18.5±1.3) min, (64.0±6.8) min, (16.3±6.7) mL, 43 cases, respectively. In the control group, there were (46.3±8.1) min, (98.7±10.5) min, (53.6±14.9) mL and 55 cases, respectively. The experimental group was significantly lower than the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P< 0.05). There was no case of conversion to laparotomy and bile duct injury in the experimental group, and 1 case of conversion to laparotomy and 1 case of bile duct injury in the control group, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in postoperative extubation time and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( P<0.05). ALT and GGT levels were 47(31, 75) U/L and 38(19, 114) U/L in the experimental group and 62(53, 92) U/L and 76(63, 96) U/L in the control group at the first postoperative review, with statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up for 3 months after discharge. There were no obvious complications in the experimental group, and 1 case had a small amount of peritoneal effusion 7 days after discharge in the control group. Conclusion:In the face of LC with chronic AC, intraoperative intravenous injection of indocyanine green to develop extrahepatic bile duct can help to distinguish its anatomical structure and avoid bile duct injury, improve the safety and progress of surgery, and maximize training and improve the level of the surgeon.